A Slideshow presentation about the Lebanese Presidents.
In Lebanon the president is largely a ceremonial and symbolic post. Never less, the president is still able to exercise influence on policy making and has the role, in conjunction with the prime minister, of choosing ministers in the Government and safeguarding the constitution
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)Tallat Satti
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)Tallat Satti
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
I talk about Lebanon's system of government from executive to legislative, how elections work, and the difficulties it is facing, both within the country and geopolitically.
Who promised Palestine to contemporary Jews God or Britain.docxphilipnelson29183
Who promised Palestine to contemporary Jews? God or Britain?
In 1917 Britain issued the Balfour Declaration (promising Arab Palestine to world Jewry) and began a 30-year military occupation of Palestine to fulfill the promise through what British Colonel Charles Churchill envisioned in 1841 as a simultaneous and Europe-wide Jewish “agitation”
Speaking at a hastily convened meeting of the 57-nation Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in Istanbul, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas demands UN takes charge of peace process after Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel [on 12/6/2017]. Abbas formally declared that “Jerusalem is and will forever be the capital of the Palestinian state” and “We do not accept any role of the United States in the political process from now on. Because it is completely biased towards Israel.” The Guardian, 12/13/2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/13/recep-tayyip-erdogan-unite-muslim-world-trump-east-jerusalem
Watch George Galloway
(long-time British Member of Parliament) discuss how “the Balfour Declaration, made by Arthur Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary, promised on behalf of one people [the British] to a second people [the Jews] the land that belongs to a third people [the Palestinians]”, 6/4/2015: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZvmOQhcObw
Watch Alison Weir discuss “The Hidden history of how the U.S. was used to create Israel,” If Americans Knew, 5/5/2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4cNrbo15ME
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 10/30/2015,
http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Peace/Guide/Pages/The%20Balfour%20Declaration.aspx
Prince Charles, heir to British Throne, wrote in 1986: "Surely some U.S. president has to have the courage to stand up and take on the Jewish lobby in U.S.? I must be naive, I suppose!" Israel Hayom, 11/12/2017, http://www.israelhayom.com/2017/11/12/1986-prince-charles-letter-reveals-shocking-thoughts-on-jews/
Read the Balfour
Declaration to see who promised Palestine to contemporary Jews
Arthur James Balfour
In 1943, President Roosevelt’s special envoy to the Middle East US Army Lt. Col. Harold Hoskins warned: “Only by force can a Jewish state in Palestine be established or maintained” See PPT 9
In 1946, Albert Einstein warned that
a Jewish state in Palestine where a majority of the population is Arab would be “unjust and impractical.” Forward, 11/22/2015, http://forward.com/news/325189/what-was-einsteins-relationship-to-judaism-and-zionism/
http://www.valentinosghost.com/#anchorSummery
With the 100th anniversary of the Balfour Declaration approaching,
“the Palestinian Authority said it plans to sue Britain for issuing the edict”
JTA,
7/25/2016
http://www.jta.org/2016/07/25/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/palestinian-authority-to-sue-uk-over-balfour-declaration
The Balfour Declaration – A Century of Jewish Power, VT, 5/17/2017, http://www.veteranstoday.com/2017/05/17/the-balfour-declaration-a-century-of-jewish-power/
We’re American Jewish .
A Slideshow shows everything about Beekeeping, from history to the diseases that target the bees, the flowers and plants that attract the bees, the types of bees inside the bee cell: the queen, bee worker, the drones, the products of beehive: Honey, propolis, pollen, beeswax, bee venom, royal jelly. etc
and at the end a call to protect this wealth, this valuable insect because the disappearing of bees will affect the food chain and food security. The world depend on Bee.
Be kind to bee.
Early Humans relied on Hunting wild animals and gathering vegetables and fruits, and in the course of their hunter-gatherer lifestyle they would have come across honey in bees’ nests high in the trees.
A Celebration Of Botanical Art Throughout History – In Pictures
“A new book Plant: Exploring The Botanical World celebrates the beauty and diversity of plants from around the world across all media - from murals in ancient Greece to a Napoleonic-era rose print and cutting-edge scans
Christians & other in ummayyad statesMargo Barotta
A Study about Caliph Muawiya Bin Abi Sufyan.
Notes for an Archaeology of Muʿāwiya:
Material Culture in the Transitional
Period of Believers
Donald Whitcomb, The Oriental Institute
Egyptain Calligraphy: Examples from the Egyptian Hieroglyphs.
A Semi cursive style of Hieroglyphic writings which incised on stone, wood or metal, approximates the same kind of simplification, reducing form to linear thinness.
gemstones a brief ppt slideshow about the precious stones, some details, then we move to deal with the diamond section, the wars, the blood diamond. etc...
A Brief slideshow presentation about Egyptian Hieroglyphics: Etymology, History and Development, and some example about Hieroglyphics; and ending the slideshow with article 1 of the human writes written in Hieroglyphics.
I talk about Lebanon's system of government from executive to legislative, how elections work, and the difficulties it is facing, both within the country and geopolitically.
Who promised Palestine to contemporary Jews God or Britain.docxphilipnelson29183
Who promised Palestine to contemporary Jews? God or Britain?
In 1917 Britain issued the Balfour Declaration (promising Arab Palestine to world Jewry) and began a 30-year military occupation of Palestine to fulfill the promise through what British Colonel Charles Churchill envisioned in 1841 as a simultaneous and Europe-wide Jewish “agitation”
Speaking at a hastily convened meeting of the 57-nation Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in Istanbul, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas demands UN takes charge of peace process after Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel [on 12/6/2017]. Abbas formally declared that “Jerusalem is and will forever be the capital of the Palestinian state” and “We do not accept any role of the United States in the political process from now on. Because it is completely biased towards Israel.” The Guardian, 12/13/2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/13/recep-tayyip-erdogan-unite-muslim-world-trump-east-jerusalem
Watch George Galloway
(long-time British Member of Parliament) discuss how “the Balfour Declaration, made by Arthur Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary, promised on behalf of one people [the British] to a second people [the Jews] the land that belongs to a third people [the Palestinians]”, 6/4/2015: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZvmOQhcObw
Watch Alison Weir discuss “The Hidden history of how the U.S. was used to create Israel,” If Americans Knew, 5/5/2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4cNrbo15ME
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 10/30/2015,
http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Peace/Guide/Pages/The%20Balfour%20Declaration.aspx
Prince Charles, heir to British Throne, wrote in 1986: "Surely some U.S. president has to have the courage to stand up and take on the Jewish lobby in U.S.? I must be naive, I suppose!" Israel Hayom, 11/12/2017, http://www.israelhayom.com/2017/11/12/1986-prince-charles-letter-reveals-shocking-thoughts-on-jews/
Read the Balfour
Declaration to see who promised Palestine to contemporary Jews
Arthur James Balfour
In 1943, President Roosevelt’s special envoy to the Middle East US Army Lt. Col. Harold Hoskins warned: “Only by force can a Jewish state in Palestine be established or maintained” See PPT 9
In 1946, Albert Einstein warned that
a Jewish state in Palestine where a majority of the population is Arab would be “unjust and impractical.” Forward, 11/22/2015, http://forward.com/news/325189/what-was-einsteins-relationship-to-judaism-and-zionism/
http://www.valentinosghost.com/#anchorSummery
With the 100th anniversary of the Balfour Declaration approaching,
“the Palestinian Authority said it plans to sue Britain for issuing the edict”
JTA,
7/25/2016
http://www.jta.org/2016/07/25/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/palestinian-authority-to-sue-uk-over-balfour-declaration
The Balfour Declaration – A Century of Jewish Power, VT, 5/17/2017, http://www.veteranstoday.com/2017/05/17/the-balfour-declaration-a-century-of-jewish-power/
We’re American Jewish .
A Slideshow shows everything about Beekeeping, from history to the diseases that target the bees, the flowers and plants that attract the bees, the types of bees inside the bee cell: the queen, bee worker, the drones, the products of beehive: Honey, propolis, pollen, beeswax, bee venom, royal jelly. etc
and at the end a call to protect this wealth, this valuable insect because the disappearing of bees will affect the food chain and food security. The world depend on Bee.
Be kind to bee.
Early Humans relied on Hunting wild animals and gathering vegetables and fruits, and in the course of their hunter-gatherer lifestyle they would have come across honey in bees’ nests high in the trees.
A Celebration Of Botanical Art Throughout History – In Pictures
“A new book Plant: Exploring The Botanical World celebrates the beauty and diversity of plants from around the world across all media - from murals in ancient Greece to a Napoleonic-era rose print and cutting-edge scans
Christians & other in ummayyad statesMargo Barotta
A Study about Caliph Muawiya Bin Abi Sufyan.
Notes for an Archaeology of Muʿāwiya:
Material Culture in the Transitional
Period of Believers
Donald Whitcomb, The Oriental Institute
Egyptain Calligraphy: Examples from the Egyptian Hieroglyphs.
A Semi cursive style of Hieroglyphic writings which incised on stone, wood or metal, approximates the same kind of simplification, reducing form to linear thinness.
gemstones a brief ppt slideshow about the precious stones, some details, then we move to deal with the diamond section, the wars, the blood diamond. etc...
A Brief slideshow presentation about Egyptian Hieroglyphics: Etymology, History and Development, and some example about Hieroglyphics; and ending the slideshow with article 1 of the human writes written in Hieroglyphics.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. The president is largely a ceremonial and symbolic
post. Never less, the president is still able to
exercise influence on policy making and has the
role, in conjunction with the prime minister, of
choosing ministers in the Government and
safeguarding the constitution.
3. President of the
Lebanese Republic
Presidential Seal Michel Aoun
Style His/Her Excellency
Residence Baabda Palace
Appointer Parliament
Term length 6 years
Inaugural holder Bechara El Khoury
22 November 1943
Formation Constitution of Lebanon
23 May 1926
Website Presidency of the Lebanese Republic
5. National Pact
Though it is not specifically stated in the constitution, an
unwritten understanding known as the National Pact,
agreed in 1943, has resulted in the holder of the post being
a Maronite Christian in every electoral cycle since that
time. This agreement had to be suspended three times, when
three Sunni Muslims, the Prime Ministers had to step in as
Acting Presidents, Selim Hoss in 1988, Fouad Siniora in
2007 and Tammam Salam in 2014.
6. Qualifications
The constitution requires the president hold the same qualifications as a member
of Parliament (also called the Chamber of Deputies), which are Lebanese citizenship and
attainment of the age of twenty-one .[3]
Though not specifically stated in the constitution, an understanding known as
the National Pact, agreed in 1943fo srebmem ot eciffo eht stimil yliramotsuc ,
ehtnaitsirhC etinoraM.htiaf[3[]4]neewteb tnemeerga s'nemeltneg a no desab si sihT
tnediserP naitsirhC etinoraM s'nonabeLyruohK lE arahceBemirP milsuM innuS sih dna
retsiniMhloS lA daiRni dehcaer saw hcihw ,1943tnednepedni emaceb nonabeL nehw ,
etinoraM a eb ot saw cilbupeR eht fo tnediserP eht taht debircsed dna ,ecnarF fo
a retsiniM emirP eht ,naitsirhCmilsuM innuSa tnemailraP fo rekaepS eht dna ,aihS
milsuM.[4]
Article 50 of the constitution of Lebanon requires the president to take an oath upon
assuming office, which is prescribed thus ]
7. “ I swear by Almighty God to observe the
Constitution and the laws of the Lebanese
Nation and to maintain the independence of
Lebanon and its territorial integrity.
Oath:
8. State Of Greater Lebanon, part of the French Mandate (1926–1943)
№ Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
1
Charles Debbas
دباس شارل(1885–
1935)
1 September 1926 2 January 1934 Independent —
—
Antoine Privat-
Aubouard
أوبوار أنطوان
2 January 1934 30 January 1934 Independent —
2
Habib Pacha Es-Saad
السعد باشا حبيب(1867–
1942)
30 January 1934 20 January 1936 Independent —
3
Émile Eddé
أده إميل(1886–1949)
20 January 1936 4 April 1941 National Bloc —
—
Pierre-Georges
Arlabosse
أرالبوس جورج بيار
4 April 1941 9 April 1941 Independent —
4
Alfred Georges
Naccache
جورج ألفرد
النقاش(1887–1978)
9 April 1941 18 March 1943 Kataeb Party —
—
Ayoub Tabet
ثابت أيوب(1884–
1951)
19 March 1943 21 July 1943 Independent —
5
Petro Trad
طراد بيترو(1876–
1947)
22 July 1943 21 September 1943 Independent —
6
Bechara Khoury
الخوري بشارة(1890–
1964)
21 September 1943 11 November 1943 Constitutional Party —
9. Lebanese Republic (1943–present)[edit]
№ Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
—
Émile Eddé
أده إميل(1886–1949)
11 November
1943
22 November
1943
National Bloc —
6
Bechara Khoury
الخوري بشارة(1890–1964)
22 November
1943
18 September
1952
Constitutional
Party
—
—
Fuad Chehab
شهاب فؤاد(1902–1973)
18 September
1952
22 September
1952
Independent —
7
Camille Chamoun
شمعون كميل(1900–1987)
23 September
1952
22 September
1958
National Liberal
Party
—
8
Fuad Chehab
شهاب فؤاد(1902–1973)
23 September
1958
22 September
1964
Independent
Chehab
served as
the Comman
der of the
Lebanese
Armed
Forces from
1945 to 1958.
9
Charles Helou
حلو شارل(1913–2001)
23 September
1964
22 September
1970
Chehabist —
10. 0
Suleiman Frangieh
فرنجية سليمان(1910–1992)
23 September
1970
22 September
1976
Marada
Movement
—
11
Elias Sarkis
سركيس إلياس(1924–1985)
23 September
1976
22 September
1982
Chehabist —
(-)
Bachir Gemayel
الجميل بشير(1947–1982)
23 August
1982
14 September
1982
Kataeb Party
Gemayel was assassinated
prior to taking office, during
the Lebanese Civil War.
1
2
Amine Gemayel
الجميل أمين(1942–)
23 September
1982
22 September
1988
Kataeb Party Brother of Bachir Gemayel.
—
Selim Hoss
الحص سليم(1929–)
22 September
1988
5 November
1989
Independent
Disputed: Dismissal as prime
minister on 22 September
1988 contested.
—
Michel Aoun
عون ميشال(1935–)
22 September
1988
23 October
1990
Military
Disputed: Appointment as
prime minister on 22
September 1988 contested.
11. 3
René Moawad
معوض رينيه(1925–1989)
5 November 1989 22 November 1989 Independence Movement
Moawad was assassinated during
the Lebanese Civil War.
—
Selim Hoss
الحص سليم(1929–)
22 November 1989 24 November 1989 Independent —
1
4
Elias Hrawi
الهراوي إلياس(1926–2006)
24 November 1989 24 November 1998 Independent —
1
5
Émile Lahoud
لحود إميل(1936–)
24 November 1998 24 November 2007 Independent
Lahoud served as the Commander of
the Lebanese Armed Forces from
1989 to 1998.
—
Fouad Siniora
السنيورة فؤاد(1943–)
24 November 2007 25 May 2008
Future Movement
(March 14 Alliance)
—
1
6
Michel Suleiman
سليمان ميشال(1948–)
25 May 2008 25 May 2014 Independent
Suleiman served as the Commander of
the Lebanese Armed Forces from
1998 to 2008.
—
Tammam Salam
سالم امّمت(1945–)
25 May 2014 31 October 2016 Independent —
1
7
Michel Aoun
عون ميشال(1935–)
31 October 2016 Incumbent Free Patriotic Movement —
12. Living former Presidents
Name Term of office Date of birth Political party
Amine
Gemayel
1982–1988
22 January
1942 (age 74)
Kataeb Party
Émile Lahoud 1998–2007
12 January
1936 (age 80)
Independent
Michel
Suleiman
2008–2014
21 November
1948 (age 67)
Independent