Leadership is guiding others towards collective action for the common good. There are two types of leadership: formal, based on position authority, and informal, based on respect from others. Followership is the process of being guided by a leader at work. Leadership theories include trait theory, behavioral theory, and contingency theory. Contingency theory proposes that leadership effectiveness depends on the environment and follower readiness. A leader's style should match follower readiness to be most effective.

3. “Leadership is the inspiration and mobilization of others to
undertake collective action in pursuit of common good.”
Crosby & Bryson
Leadership: The art of guiding others to create a result
that wouldn’t have happened otherwise.
Formal leadership: The officially sanctioned leadership
based on the authority of a formal position.
Informal leadership: The unofficial leadership accord to a
person by other members of the organization.
Followership: The process of being guided & directed
by a leader in the work environment.
Ainee

4. Leader:
A guiding or directing head as of an army,
movement or political group.
A person or thing that leads.
Ainee

5. Trait theory
Contingency theory
Behavioral theory
Ainee

6. Focuses on personal qualities &
characteristics that differentiate leaders from
non-leaders.
Essential leadership traits:
Agreeableness
Emotional stability
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Ainee

7. This theory proposes that specific behaviors
differentiate leaders from non leaders.
Important behavioral studies are:
• Initiating structure
• ConsiderationOhio
• Employee-oriented
• Production-orientedMichigan
Ainee

8. Contingency Theory adds the
environment in which the
leader exists, to our
understanding leadership
effectiveness studies.
Ainee

9. Ability to follow Willingness to Follow Leadership Behavior
Unable Unwilling Give clear and specific directions
Unable Willing Display high task orientation
Able Unwilling Use a supportive and participatory
style
Able Willing Doesn’t need to do much
Focuses on follower’ readiness.
Readiness: The extent to which followers
are willing and able to accomplish a certain
task.
A leader should choose one or four
behaviors depending on follower’
readiness.
Urooj

10. House’s Path-Goal theory
Leader participation model
Leader-member exchange
theory (LMX)
Fielder contingency model
Urooj

11. o Integrity
o Honesty
o Dedication
o Assertiveness
o Openness
o Creativity
o Fairness
o Sense of humor
o Emotional stability
o Dominance
o Enthusiasm
o Conscientiousness
o Social boldness
o Self assurance
Urooj

12. Autocratic
Participative
Or
Democratic
Laissez-
faire
Urooj

13. Urooj

14. Maheen

15. Maheen

16. Emotional intelligence
Trust
Women leaders
Cultural differences
Maheen

17. Followership:
Refers to a role held by a certain individuals, teams
or group.
It is the capacity of an individual to actively follow
a leader.
“It may be the devil, it may be the Lord, but you have to serve
somebody.”
Bob DylanMaheen

18. Survivo
rs
Passive Active
Independent, Critical thinking
Dependent, uncritical thinking
Alienated followers
Sheep Yes people
Effective followers
Maheen

19. Maheen

20. Saima

21. Saima

22. Saima

23. Saima

24. Saima