Law Of Gravitation PPT For All The Students | With Modern Animations and Infographics
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Einstein’s Theories of Relativity revolutionized how Today’s Scientific world thinks about Space, Time, Mass, Energy and Gravity. This is purely an imaginative Science that worked in the Laboratory of Einstein's Brain..
It should be helpful, special thanks to our teacher (whose name is in the power point and the one who made it) from whom I asked his permission to post it here.
Einstein’s Theories of Relativity revolutionized how Today’s Scientific world thinks about Space, Time, Mass, Energy and Gravity. This is purely an imaginative Science that worked in the Laboratory of Einstein's Brain..
It should be helpful, special thanks to our teacher (whose name is in the power point and the one who made it) from whom I asked his permission to post it here.
It is always amazing to see the interaction of planets, Sun, Stars, and other celestial objects in space which leads to astronomical events. In this chapter we will learn certain laws of physics which explains gravitation between celestial objects, free fall of body, mass and weight of the objects.
The study of physics covers a wide range of topics, including mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, atomic and nuclear physics, and relativity. It involves the use of mathematical models and experimental techniques to investigate the behavior of physical systems and to develop new theories and technologies.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
3. Apple Falling
Incident
Universal
Gravitation
Example 1
Force Of
Attraction
Free-Fall
Acceleration
Contents
JAY BUTANI 3
Universal
Gravitation
Example 2
G Vs g
Newton’s
Universal
Gravitation
Mass of
Earth & Moon
Introduction
What Is Force ?
Calculation
Used By
Newton
4. INTRODUCTIOIN
Thank you for coming today!
• Sir Isaac Newton
• Sir Issac newton gave many laws of nature. In his First law of motion, he
described the inherent property of matters,qualitatively. In his second law,he
wrote “A force action on a body gives it an accelaration which is in the
direction of force and has a magnitude given by ma.” So,it describes force
quantitatively also. In his third law,he describes how force are exerted.
Therefore,we can say he discovered “Force”
5. The force is an external effort(cause) in the form of a
push or pull which either changes or tends to change
the state of rest or the uniform motion of a body along
a straight line.
They are classified into two categories:-
(i) Contact Force. - Frictional force, normal reaction,
tensile force etc.
(ii) (ii) Non-Contact Force. - electric, magnetic,
gravitational force.
What is FORCE ?
6. Apple Falling Incident
aftr
The apple was attracted to the
Earth
All objects in the Universe were
attracted to each other in the
same way the apple was
attracted to the Earth
JAY BUTANI 6
7. 7
Calculation Used By
Newton
The acceleration of a body falling near the earth’s surface is about 9.8 m/s2 and moon’s acceleration is
0.0027m/s2 .Thus,
• A apple a moon = 9.8 m/s2 0.0027 m/s2
• Also, distance of the moon from the earth distance of
the apple from the earth moon d
• apple 3.85 ×105 km 6400 km = 3600. ....(i)
• A apple a moon = d moon d apple 2 = = = 60 ….(ii)
8. 8
Calculation Used By
Newton
•Newton guessed that, acceleration a ∝ 1 r
2 …..(1)
•He had, F ∝ ma ; (Newton’s second law)
…..(2)
•. ˙ . F ∝ m . ( From (1) ) r 2 …..(3)
•By Newton’s Third law of motion,
•F ∝ M …..(4)
•Combining 3 & 4, F ∝ Mm r
9. 9
Calculation Used By
Newton
•F = GMm / r 2
• where, – F = Force of attraction between the two particles.
• – M = mass of first particle.
• – m = mass of second particle.
• – r = distance between the centers of the first and second
particle.
• – G = Universal gravitational constant. = 6.67 × 10-11 N·m2/kg
• Dimensional formula of F is [MLT-2 ] S.I. Unit = N (Newton) C.G.S. Unit = dyne
10. 2
21
r
mm
GF
FORCE OF
ATTRACTION
Every particle in the Universe
attracts every other particle with a
force that is directly proportional to
the product of the masses and
inversely proportional to the square
of the distance between them.
JAY BUTANI 10
11. Universal Gravitation
G is the constant of universal gravitation
G = 6.673 x 10-11 N m² /kg²
This is an example of an inverse square law
Determined experimentally
Henry Cavendish in 1798
12. FREE-FALL ACCLERATION
• Have you heard this
claim:
• Astronauts are weightless in space, therefore there is no gravity in space?
• It is true that if an astronaut on the International Space
Station (ISS) tries to step on a scale, he/she will weigh
nothing.
• It may seem reasonable to think that if weight = mg, since
weight = 0, g = 0, but this is NOT true.
• If you stand on a scale in an elevator and then the cables are
cut, you will also weigh nothing (ma = N – mg, but in free-fall
a = g, so the normal force N = 0). This does not mean g = 0!
LAW OF GRAVITATION
13. Example of Satelite
A satelite at an altitude of twice the Earth radius
Earth Radius: rE = 6320 km Earth Mass: ME = 5.98
• 1024 kg FG = G(mME /r2 ) Mass of the Sate lite m
• At surface r = rE FG = weight or mg = G[mME /(rE ) 2 ]
• At r = 2rE FG = G[mME /(2rE ) 2 ] or (¼)mg = 4900 N
14. Example:- Earth, Sun &
Moon
Find the net force on the Moon due to the
.gravitational attraction of both the Earth & the Sun,
assuming they are at right angles to each other.
ME = 5.99 1024kg MM = 7.35 1022kg
MS = 1.99 1030 kg rME = 3.85 108 m
rMS = 1.5 1011 m F = FME + FMS
15. G Vs g
G g
Obviously, it’s very important to distinguish
between G and g
They are obviously very different physical
quantities G
The Universal Gravitational Constant › It is the
same everywhere in the Universe G = 6.673 10-11
N∙m2/kg2
Always same on every location g
The Acceleration due to Gravity g = 9.80 m/s2
(approx) on
Earth’s surface g varies with location
16. Gravitational force F_gFgF, start subscript, g,
end subscript is always attractive, and it
depends only on the masses involved and the
distance between them.
Every object in the universe attracts
every other object with a force along
a line joining them.
Fg=r2Gm1/m2
F_gFgF, start subscript, g, end subscript is
the gravitational force between m_1m1m,
start subscript, 1, end
subscript and m_2m2
Newton's universal law of gravitation
The force is directly proportional to
the product of their masses and
inversely proportional to the square
of the distance between their centers
of mass. This is called an inverse-
square law.