Mexico City has very high levels of air pollution due to its large population and location in a valley surrounded by mountains. The pollution is caused by vehicle emissions and trapped air. Solutions being tried include improved public transportation, restrictions on car use, and education programs. The Amazon rainforest is being destroyed for agriculture and logging, harming biodiversity and increasing carbon emissions. Deforestation is a major problem for Brazil. Oil production in Venezuela generates air and water pollution and oil spills that damage the environment and people's livelihoods. Communities and groups are calling for cleaner energy alternatives and pollution prevention and cleanup efforts.