LANswitch Plus Overview Presentation
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LANswitch Plus Overview Presentation (Historical documentation) includes the LET-36 chassis
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LANswitch Plus Overview Presentation
- 1. 1 LANswitch Plus ™LANswitch Plus ™ OverviewOverview
- 2. 2 LANswitch 3LS--New Product Achievement Award Finalist--ComNet Feb 1997 Communications Week MAX Award 1996 IDG Reseaux & Telecoms, Champion of All Categories, May 1995 Data Communications Tester’s Choice Winner November 1996 Byte Magazine, Best Overall Award, July 1995 LAN Times, “Best of Times” Switching Shootout, February 1995 Data Communications Magazine, Top Performer, February 1996 PC Digest Ratings Report, Best Store-and-Forward Ethernet Switch, May 1995 SNCI Bradner Test, Top Performer, February 1995 LANswitch Plus:LANswitch Plus: Multiple award winning platformMultiple award winning platform
- 3. 3 AgendaAgenda Architecture Product Family/Modules Layer-3 Capabilities VLANs SMON Resiliency Features
- 4. 4 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architectural OverviewArchitectural Overview Completely distributed switch architecture featuring: • 4 levels of priority support • 3 stage congestion management scheme • No single point of failure • No restrictions on slot usageT R ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 T R ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 T R Switch Processor VLSI Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 TT R R Switch Processor VLSI Switch Processor VLSI High-speed BUS Interface
- 5. 5 Architectural OverviewArchitectural Overview Completely distributed switch architecture featuring: • 4 levels of priority support • 3 stage congestion management scheme • No single point of failure • No restrictions on slot usage Cellenium Bus (2.56Gbps) Passive 2.56 Gbps Cellenium bus provides protocol-independent support for: T R ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 T R ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 T R Switch Processor VLSI Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 TT R R Switch Processor VLSI Switch Processor VLSI High-speed BUS Interface • Ethernet • Fast Ethernet • Gigabit Ethernet • FDDI • ATM
- 6. 6 Architectural OverviewArchitectural Overview Completely distributed switch architecture featuring: • 4 levels of priority support • 3 stage congestion management scheme • No single point of failure • No restrictions on slot usage Ethernet 4 Ethernet 3 Ethernet 2 Ethernet 1 MGMT / Power - 2 Token Ring /FDDI 2 Token Ring /FDDI 1 MGMT / Power - 1 Cellenium Bus (2.56Gbps) Passive 2.56 Gbps Cellenium bus provides protocol-independent support for: T R ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 T R ASIC-Based Switching Processor ASIC-Based Switching Processor Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 T R Switch Processor VLSI Port 1 Port 2 Port 8 TT R R Switch Processor VLSI Switch Processor VLSI High-speed BUS Interface Plus Dedicated Buses: • 4 Shared Ethernet buses • 2 Token Ring/FDDI buses • 2 Management/Power buses • Ethernet • Fast Ethernet • Gigabit Ethernet • FDDI • ATM
- 7. 7 Benefit:Benefit: Complete FlexibilityComplete Flexibility Protocol Independent Cellenium bus supports multi-layer switching between multiple technologies - Optional 3LS module provides high-speed ASIC-based lP/IPX layer-3 switching between any combination of: Port Switched Ethernet Group Switched Ethernet Switched Ethernet Switched Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet FDDI ATM
- 8. 8 Congestion Management:Congestion Management: Conventional SwitchesConventional Switches OTHER SWITCHES rely solely on buffers for passive flow control - When the buffers are flooded, packets are lost If a packet is lost then frames have to be re-transmitted - Adds more traffic on the already heavily loaded network - “Snowball” effect can bring the network to a halt Switch “X” Client 1 Client 2 PACKET LOSS Server 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps
- 9. 9 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architecture for Robust PerformanceArchitecture for Robust Performance Bus Access Arbitrators make sure that each port gets fair access to the bus2.56Gbps Cellenium Bus T R T RT RT R T R Transmit Buffer Receive Buffer T R T R PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4PORT 5PORT 6 3-Stage Active Congestion Management Scheme - Stage 1: Normal Traffic - Dedicated per port buffers provide “passive” flow control - Smart arbitration scheme ensures “fairness”
- 10. 10 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architecture for PerformanceArchitecture for Performance 2.56Gbps Cellenium Bus T R T RT RT R T R Transmit Buffer Receive Buffer T R T R PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4PORT 5PORT 6 Stage 2: Heavy Traffic: Receive buffer filled - Internal Active Congestion Control kicks in I’m full!
- 11. 11 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architecture for PerformanceArchitecture for Performance 2.56Gbps Cellenium Bus T R T RT RT R T R Transmit Buffer Receive Buffer T R T R PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4PORT 5PORT 6 Stage 2: Heavy Traffic: Receive buffer filled - Internal Active Congestion Control kicks in - Sends brief “back pressure” signal to sending port to temporarily hold transmission. - Does not impact ANY OTHER ports - External end stations are not affected - Normal operation resumes when receive buffer clears space Internal “Back Pressure” Signal
- 12. 12 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architecture for PerformanceArchitecture for Performance Stage 3: Extreme Loads!! Both Receive buffer and Transmit buffers filled - External Active Congestion Control kicks in 2.56Gbps Cellenium Bus T R T RT RT R T R Transmit Buffer Receive Buffer T R T R PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4PORT 5PORT 6 I’m full! I’m also full!
- 13. 13 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architecture for PerformanceArchitecture for Performance Stage 3: Extreme Loads!! Both Receive buffer and Transmit buffers filled - External Active Congestion Control kicks in - Sends brief carrier sense signal to end-station to temporarily hold transmission. Effectively extends buffer to end-station. - Does not impact ANY OTHER ports - Normal operation resumes when buffers clear space 2.56Gbps Cellenium Bus T R T RT RT R T R Transmit Buffer Receive Buffer T R T R PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4PORT 5PORT 6
- 14. 14 Benefit - Unparalleled PerformanceBenefit - Unparalleled Performance Top Performer “LANNET’s LANswitch turned in a nearly perfect performance. Thanks to backpressure and king-sized buffers, it didn’t drop a single frame in any of the overload tests. The LANswitch also outran the competition in the speed trials.”
- 15. 15 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus- Complete Multilayer- Complete Multilayer Networking SolutionNetworking Solution A family of scalable switching solutions - Common architecture, modules, and features. - Scalability from workgroup to backbone - Total product integration=>total network solution LET-36LET-10 LET-20 • 5-slot chassis • 2.56 Gbps Cellenium Bus • Redundant Power Supplies • 10-slot chassis • 2.56 Gbps Cellenium Bus • Redundant Load Sharing Power Supplies • 18-slot chassis • 2.56 Gbps Cellenium Bus • Redundant Load Sharing Power Supplies Wiring Closet Data Center Backbone Wiring Closet Data CenterWorkgroup
- 16. 16 Benefit: Complete Multilayer/FaultBenefit: Complete Multilayer/Fault Tolerant Network SolutionsTolerant Network Solutions LANswitch Plus at the center as well as in the floor Engineering Finance AccountingSales Marketing R & D R & D Operations PCPC LET-36LET-36 PCPC PCPC PCPC PCPC PCPC PCPC PCPC PCPC ServersServers LET-20LET-20 LET-20LET-20 LET-10LET-10 LET-10LET-10
- 17. 17 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus- Switch Module- Switch Module Types / Physical CapacitiesTypes / Physical Capacities Shared / Port Switched Ethernet • 10Base-T: 432 • 10Base-2: 108 • 10Base-5: 54 • 10Base-F: 90 Switched Ethernet • 10Base-T: 128 • 10Base-F: 64 • Group Switched: 128 Switched Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet • 100Base-TX: 64 • 100Base-FX: 16 • 1000Base-SX: 8 FDDI / ATM • OC-3 ATM: 8 • FDDI Switched: 8 • Shared FDDI: 64
- 18. 18 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules Workgroup Group Switch ModulesWorkgroup Group Switch Modules 1.28 Gbps2.56 Gbps Cellenium Bus Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 Port 6 Port 7 Port 8 LANswitch™ LSE-108 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 RX RF C TX TF IO +A SA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10Mbps “Module” LSE-108 Port 1 Port 3 Port 5 Port 7 Port 2 Port 4 Port 6 Port 8 1.28 Gbps2.56 Gbps Bus LANswitch™ LSE-208 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 RX RF C TX TF IO +A SA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 10Mbps 10Mbps “Bank” “Bank” LSE-208 Cellenium • one-slot module • one 10Mbps switching engine • bandwidth dynamically allocated between 8 ports • RJ-45 • full active congestion management support • full priority level support • one-slot module • two 10Mbps switching engines • 8 ports, 4 per switch engine • RJ-45 • full active congestion management support • full priority level support • optional secured mode • optional stand-alone mode
- 19. 19 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules Workgroup Dedicated SwitchingWorkgroup Dedicated Switching LSE-808 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 Port 6 Port 7 Port 8 LANswitch™ LSE-808 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 RX RF C TX TF IO +A SA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium • one-slot module • eight 10Mbps switching engines • 8 ports, each with dedicated switch engine • RJ-45 • full active congestion management support • full priority level support • optional stand-alone mode
- 20. 20 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules Segment SwitchingSegment Switching Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 LANswitch™ LSE-808 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 RX RF C TX TF IO +A SA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps LSE-404S/FL LSE-404S/FB LSE-404S/RJ Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 LANswitch™ LSE-404S 2 4 1 35 RX RF C TX TF IO +A SA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 10Mbps 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium • one-slot module • four 10Mbps switching engines • 4 ports, each with dedicated switch engine • ST, SMA, RJ-45 • full active congestion management support • full priority level support • hardware backbone redundancy option
- 21. 21 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules 100BASE-TX Server Switching100BASE-TX Server Switching LFE-4004 LANswitch™ RX C TX A STATUS 100Mbps 100Mbps 100Mbps 100Mbps1 2 3 4 LFE-4004 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium • one-slot module • four 100 Mbps switching engines • 4 ports, each with dedicated switch engine • RJ-45 • full active congestion management support • full priority level support
- 22. 22 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules 100BASE-TX/FX Segment Switching100BASE-TX/FX Segment Switching LFE-4004 LANswitch™ RX C TX A STATUS 100Mbps 100Mbps 100Mbps 100Mbps1 2 3 4 LFE-4004S/RJ LFE-4004S/F 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium • one-slot module • 512 MAC address support per port • four 100 Mbps switching engines • 4 ports, each with dedicated switch engine • RJ-45 or SC connectors • full active congestion management support • full priority level support
- 23. 23 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules BackboneBackbone 155Mbps LANswitch™ LSF-100 1 2 CONSOLE OUT OF BAND OPTICAL BYPASS BT TX TF PR A/M RX RF SR SA RESET LANswitch LSF-100 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium • two-slot module • 64K MAC address support • DAS- 2 standard PMD MIC connectors • SAS- 1 standard PMD MIC connector • Inter-Switch Link (ISL) VLAN trunking support • full active congestion management support • full priority level support
- 24. 24 ApplicationApplication LANswitch Campus SolutionLANswitch Campus Solution LANswitchLANswitch LANswitchLANswitch LANswitchLANswitch 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps LANswitch Switched FDDI Backbone LANswitchLANswitch Switched FDDI using LSF-100Switched FDDI using LSF-100
- 25. 25 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules BackboneBackbone 155Mbps LANswitch™ LSF-100 1 2 CONSOLE OUT OF BAND OPTICAL BYPASS BT TX TF PR A/M RX RF SR SA RESET LANswitch LSA+ 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium • two-slot module • SONET OC-3c or SDH STM-1 • multimode SC fiber connector • Inter-Switch Link (ISL) VLAN trunking support • ATM Forum UNI 3.0 • ATM LANE 1.0 • fully monitored and managed by SMON
- 26. 26 ApplicationApplication LANswitch Campus ATM SolutionLANswitch Campus ATM Solution LANswitchLANswitch LANswitchLANswitch 155 Mbps155 Mbps 155 Mbps155 Mbps 155 Mbps155 Mbps Visage 16155Visage 16155 LANswitchLANswitch LANswitch and ATM Switch Backbone Collage 740Collage 740
- 27. 27 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus ModulesModules BackboneBackbone LEB-200 200Mbps LEB-200 2 1 RX C ISL TX A FDX LANswitch™ TX 2 RX R TX 1 RX 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium • one-slot module • 64K MAC address support • 2 SC fiber ports, one active and one redundant • Inter-Switch Link (ISL) VLAN trunking support • full active congestion management support • full priority level support • Load-balancing back-bone capability
- 28. 28 Load-Balancing Using LEB-200Load-Balancing Using LEB-200 Data Center Headquarters Building 2 LEB-200 LSE-808 LFE-4004 LSE-808 LEB-200 LFE-100 LSE-808 LEB-200 LEB-200 LEB-200 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus LEB-200 LEB-200 • Scale bandwidth between switches in 200Mbps increments (full-duplex) • Traffic is allocated to each LEB-200 on a per-slot basis • Load balancing does not require implementation of VLANs • Maintains full flow control and priority level support • Resilient: Traffic can be re-assigned when a link fails. 400Mbps = 2 x 200 Mbps
- 29. 29 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus -- Meets Current and Future RequirementsMeets Current and Future Requirements 10 BandwidthperUser (Mbps) Desktop Backbone & High-speed Segment 100 LSA Plus LSE-808 LSE-404S LSE-108 LSE- 208 LFE-4004 LFE-4004S 200 1000 LGE 3LS LEB-200 LEB-200 Load balancing multiple links LSF-100
- 30. 30 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus Multilayer CapabilitiesMultilayer Capabilities “...unlike some level-three switches the LANswitch (Plus) does true IP and IPX routing using standard IP routing protocols (RIP and OSPF) and IPX routing using IPX-RIP...” - Scott Bradner
- 31. 31 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus 3LS Module3LS Module 3LS 2.56 Gbps 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium Provides IP/IPX switching in and between VLANs Performs true layer-3 switching Industry 1st ASIC-based, multilayer IP/IPX switch module Two-slot module plugs directly into LANswitch Plus Cellenium bus Supports RIP, OSPF, SAP and ARP routing protocols Bridges non-IP/IPX and non-routeable protocols (DECnet, LAT, NetBios, Appletalk)
- 32. 32 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus and 3LS-and 3LS- Multilayer Integration and FlexibilityMultilayer Integration and Flexibility 3LS 2.56 Gbps 2.56 Gbps Bus Cellenium Integration into LANswitch Plus provides multilayer support for: - VLANs - Priority levels - Active congestion control mechanism Provides layer-3 switching over Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM interfaces Includes on-board SNMP agent for easy configuration and management Multiple 3LS modules can be meshed for redundancy and load-balancing
- 33. 33 Inside The 3LSInside The 3LS TransmitTransmit BufferBuffer High-Speed CPU Route Algorithm Broadcast & Unknown Packets Rx BufferRx Buffer Low-PriorityLow-Priority Shared Bridging and Routing Tables High-Speed Silicon Frame Forwarding Engine 2.56 Gbps Cellenium Bus Rx BufferRx Buffer High-PriorityHigh-Priority Forwarding Unit CPU Unit
- 34. 34 Forwarding UnitForwarding Unit ASIC-based to optimize performance for time critical tasks Performs true layer-3 hardware routing of IP and IPX packets - Examines the layer-3 information in EACH packet and bases its path selection on this information. - Modifies layer-3 information as necessary, such as decrementing the TTL (Time-To-Live) field in each packet. Bridges non-routeable packets Performs Access Control per packet - According to user- defined filters Identifies and forwards special packets to Route Server Card - ARP, RIP, OSPF and SAP packets All ASICAll ASIC BasedBased
- 35. 35 CPU UnitCPU Unit RISC-based to optimize flexibility for non-time critical tasks Handles execution of router protocols - RIP, OSPF, SAP and ICMP - Upgradeable to other protocols in future - “One-hop” routing calculation Calculates routes for new destinations Handles ARP requests and updates the forwarding tables Builds access control tables for filtering Provides SNMP agent functionality RISCRISC BasedBased
- 36. 36 LANSwitchLANSwitch PlusPlus and 3LS:and 3LS: Superb Multilayer PerformanceSuperb Multilayer Performance Latency: 12us (micro-seconds) - All forwarding is done in hardware Forwarding rate: 1M pps IP or IPX “LANNET’s LANswitch offers red-hot performance at Layers 2 and 3 thanks to its industry-first router implemented in silicon.” - Data Communications, 5/97 “LANNET LANswitch 3LS routing performance results are as good as they can theoretically be. It routes hundreds of thousands packets per second of IP and IPX traffic at full wire speed, with no packet losses.” - Scott Bradner
- 37. 37 Load SharingLoad Sharing All 3LSs have IP/IPX interfaces for all nets Sharing IPX load is done dynamically - The loaded 3LS will be slower,naturally, in answering RIP requests IP traffic can be load-shared across multiple 3LS units by: - Defining different default routers for each IP subnet - Configuring all other 3LSs, except of the preferred 3LS, to send RIP packets with big metric
- 38. 38 Scalable layer-3 performance overScalable layer-3 performance over multiple topologiesmultiple topologies 3LS A single 3LS module supports multiple hubs over any combination of Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM.... FDDI ATM Fast Ethernet
- 39. 39 Scalable layer-3 performance overScalable layer-3 performance over multiple topologiesmultiple topologies 3LS ...or add an additional 3LS module to load-share traffic and scale performance as requirements grow... Gigabit Ethernet Load Sharing Fast Ethernet ATM 3LS
- 40. 40 Scalable layer-3 performance anywhereScalable layer-3 performance anywhere in the networkin the network 3LS ...or distribute 3LS modules to provide multi-million pps IP/IPX switching across the entire network Gigabit Ethernet Load Sharing Fast Ethernet ATM 3LS 3LS3LS
- 41. 41 Priority & Video SupportPriority & Video Support 3LS supports two levels of priority: - High and Low 3LS provides static support for IP multi-casts - IP Multicast packets are forwarded to the VLANs as defined by the user - Planned future support for IGMP to enable dynamic multi-cast capability.
- 42. 42 Security & Access ControlSecurity & Access Control Access Control for the following attributes is done in hardware : - Station IP address - IP subnet - IPX network address - Application/service type (Telnet, FTP, etc.) The Access control policy can be either: - forward , block, or block and report No Performance DegradationNo Performance Degradation - “(3LS) Throughput remained nearly identical whether IP or IPX traffic was being filtered.” Tolly Group
- 43. 43 Layer-3 RedundancyLayer-3 Redundancy Redundancy can be set between multiple 3LS modules - It is only necessary to configure the redundant 3LS for each interface that is to be backed up. - Redundant 3LS is configured with primary 3LS/router IP address as backup address. In case of router/3LS failure, the backup 3LS will answer ARP requests destined to this backup address
- 44. 44 Flexible Layer-3 Redundancy SupportFlexible Layer-3 Redundancy Support 3LS Redundancy within a chassis, across multiple chassis, or even to support external routers - Active Back-Ups: Redundant 3LS units can still be used for active load-sharing duties. 3LS 3LS3LS 3LS 3LS Unit A 3LS Unit B 3LS Unit C “B” Backs-up “A” Set Redundancy Across Multiple Chassis “C” Backs up “B” “A” Backs up “C” 3LS Unit E 3LS Unit D Set redundancy within a chassis 3LS backs-up an external router External Router
- 45. 45 Result:Result: A Clearly Superior Multilayer SolutionA Clearly Superior Multilayer Solution R 2.56 Gbps Multilayer Integration Full VLAN support Four Priority Levels Integrated Mgt Suite Full SMON support Load Sharing Capability Hot Standby Capability Multilayer Flexibility 250 Logical Interfaces Supporting Ethernet, Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, ATM 2.56 Gbps Multilayer Compatibility True Layer-3 Processing Full RIP/ OSPF Support Multilayer Performance 12 Micro-second Latency 1M pps IP/IPX switching Low latency variation Scalability / Resiliency Multilayer Security True Layer-3 processing Hardware-based filtering Access List Firewalls No Impact on Performance! 3LS3LS
- 46. 46 LANswitchLANswitch Plus-Plus- VLANs that Span the CampusVLANs that Span the Campus 256 VLANs per chassis and end-to-end across the entire network VLAN trunking over Fast Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM Montage Plus AVM simplifies VLAN configuration/management - auto-configuration of VLANs by IP sub-net or IPX network - reconfiguration of VLANs for moves, adds, and changes. Global VLANs enable access to shared resources without requirement for layer-3 forwarding
- 47. 47 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus/3LS/VLANs-/3LS/VLANs- A Winning CombinationA Winning Combination Global Virtual LAN Virtual LAN 2 IP subnet 2 LANswitch Plus IPX A IPX B IP subnet 4 IP subnet 1 IP subnet 3 E-mail server Web server 3LS Module forwards IP/IPX between VLANs at 1M pps. Virtual LAN 1 Global VLAN server and printer resources are accessible from ALL VLANs. No awkward third party NIC scheme required. 3LS Montage Plus AVM provides automatic configuration of layer-3 IP/IPX VLANs LANswitch Plus platform ties everything together with its unique Switch Monitoring (SMON) capability
- 48. 48 "Imagine how hard it would be to coach a baseball team if instead of being able to view the whole field with all your players in position, you could see only one player at a time. When monitoring a switched network, you run into a similar difficulty because, unlike in shared networks, you can only see one port at a time. If you're running a [LANswitch], however, you're in luck.." - PC Magazine -- April 23, 1996 LANswitch Plus SMONLANswitch Plus SMON
- 49. 49 Switch MonitoringSwitch Monitoring Proactive FaultProactive Fault andand Performance ManagementPerformance Management How can I • Become more proactive? • Drill-down to rapidly pin-point problems? • Get an overall sense of activity? • Identify performance bottle-necks? • Monitor conversations crossing the switch? • Analyze trends on a switch, port & user basis? How can I • Become more proactive? • Drill-down to rapidly pin-point problems? • Get an overall sense of activity? • Identify performance bottle-necks? • Monitor conversations crossing the switch? • Analyze trends on a switch, port & user basis?
- 50. 50 Answer:Answer: SMON (Switch-MONitoring)SMON (Switch-MONitoring) RMON compliant - Host Statistics - Host Top N - Host Matrix Switch related additions - Switch Statistics. - Port Statistics - Port Top N Enterprise SMON further extends SMON to provide traffic monitoring simultaneously across MULTIPLE switches! SMON is a major RMON WG (IETF) agenda item for 1997 SMON RMON Enterprise SMON
- 51. 51 What is SMON?What is SMON? A unique integrated hardware/software architecture: - Passive Cellenium Bus - NMA-RS plug-in probe residing on bus with view to all traffic - SMONMaster console application TEXT 100 BaseTE T H CelleniumCellenium 2.56Gbps Backplane2.56Gbps BackplaneTEXT VIDEO A T M E T H E T H F D D I T R VIDEO VIDEO TEXT TEXT DATABASE SHARING TEXT 100 BaseT Agent + SMON NMA-RS Gig Eth
- 52. 52 What is SMON?What is SMON? A uniquely upgradeable architecture - NMA-RS module is independent of the switch modules - Architecture completely separates monitoring from switching, providing upgrade path for future monitoring capabilities such as RMON II functionality “As new management capabilities need to be added, LANNET can simply add more software to SMON. Other vendors using a distributed approach may have to update both hardware and software on every switching module to add new management capabilities, costing enterprises both time and money.” -Gartner Group
- 53. 53 What does SMON provide?What does SMON provide? A global view of all switched traffic Powerful “Top-down” monitoring No impact on switching performance Switch Monitoring Conversation Monitoring Port Monitoring VLAN and ELAN Monitoring Enterprise Switch Monitoring User Monitoring “...since switching and monitoring aren't vying for the same resource, you can constantly monitor the switch without degrading performance.” - Gartner Group
- 54. 54 Enterprise Switch MonitoringEnterprise Switch Monitoring Enterprise Switch StatisticsEnterprise Switch Statistics View traffic patterns simultaneously across multiple switches Spot out-of-line conditions anywhere in the network Balance utilization across the entire network
- 55. 55 Switch MonitoringSwitch Monitoring Switch StatisticsSwitch Statistics Measure utilization across the entire switch Measure overall QoS traffic allocation Spot out-of-line conditions within the switch Drill-down within the switch from here
- 56. 56 VLAN/ELAN MonitoringVLAN/ELAN Monitoring Switch StatisticsSwitch Statistics Compare traffic within all of your VLANs simultaneously Identify bottlenecks and which VLANs are being under- utilized Network baselining capability enables you to optimize VLAN performance Make informed decisions on whether to relieve bottle-necks by adding bandwidth or changing traffic patterns
- 57. 57 Port MonitoringPort Monitoring Port Statistics and Port TopNPort Statistics and Port TopN Trace problems to individual ports on the switch Determine traffic utilization per port/link Spot bottle-necks and drill-down to analyze traffic patterns within a port Plan for future growth
- 58. 58 User MonitoringUser Monitoring Host and Host TopNHost and Host TopN Drill-down to identify hosts on particular ports Identify heavy host users or problem end-stations Look at traffic statistics for each host to identify abnormal conditions Study usage patterns
- 59. 59 Conversation MonitoringConversation Monitoring Host MatrixHost Matrix View information on active sessions between all host pairs on the Cellenium bus - Changes color based on relative traffic levels - Display of high error rates Drill down to monitor conversations of heavy users or problem end-stations Measure Server usage by host Analyze communications patterns to optimize VLAN performance
- 60. 60 “SMONMaster gives you a bird's-eye view of your network, providing such graphical statistics as which hosts on the network are communicating and how much, which ports see the most traffic and at what time of day, and whether any ports are reporting error packets. This just isn't possible with any other switch-monitoring software.” “The ability to monitor and analyze network statistics from all ports at once or to get an idea of traffic trends can be the key to optimizing limited network resources and improving performance.” - PC Magazine The Verdict?The Verdict? ““LANNET hits Switch-Monitoring Home Run”LANNET hits Switch-Monitoring Home Run”
- 61. 61 Benefit:Benefit: “More Management....Less Money”“More Management....Less Money” Enterprise SMON and unique drill down capabilities enable you to optimize your network, not just configure it Real-time traffic monitoring enables pro-active network management, vs. after the fact. Greater level of traffic reporting proivdes greater added value without the need for expensive external analyzers Superior fault tracing capabilities ensure network uptime
- 62. 62 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architecture for Resilient NetworksArchitecture for Resilient Networks 1 Plus Mode 2 10BaseFB 3 Redundant Transceivers 4 Redundant Ports Hub -TO -NODE LINKSHub -TO -NODE LINKS 5 6 Redundant Backbone Links Software-configured Backbone Links BACKBONE LINKSBACKBONE LINKS Redundant Power Supplies 7 Hot-swapping 8 Redundant Segments 9 10 Fault-tolerant Switching Hub ARCHITECTUREHub ARCHITECTURE 11 12 Distributed Configuration Information Fault Tolerant Management MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT 3 4 11 12 7 8 9 5 6 Primary Link Remote Hub LANswitchLANswitch Network Management Stations 2 1 Primary Link Secondary Link Fiber UTP FDDI 10
- 63. 63 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Architecture for Resilient NetworksArchitecture for Resilient Networks Resilient Links - Hardware redundancy within a module providing recovery time in micro-seconds - Software redundancy within a hub providing redundancy support across mixed technologies recovery time of 10-20 seconds - Software redundancy across multiple hubs providing redundancy support across mixed technologies recovery time less than 30 seconds
- 64. 64 Floor N Data Center Floor 1 LANswitchLANswitch PlusPlus-- Hardware and Software Link RedundancyHardware and Software Link Redundancy FDDI Primary Link Fast Ethernet Redundant Link Redundancy across multiple topologies (recovery 10-20 seconds) Intra-module hardware redundancy (micro-seconds recovery) Redundancy across multiple hubs (recovery <30 seconds) Primary Secondary Primary Secondary
- 65. 65 Benefit-Benefit- Robust Network InfrastructureRobust Network Infrastructure End-to-end resilience No single point of failure Redundancy across multiple topologies leverages existing infrastructures Rapid recovery times
- 66. 66 Conclusion- What Sets LANswitchConclusion- What Sets LANswitch PlusPlus Apart from the CrowdApart from the Crowd Resilience • Distributed Architecture • Hot-Swappable Modules • Redundant Links • Redundant Power Supplies Multilayer Performance • 1-2M pps IP/IPX Switching with RIP/OSPF Support • >2M pps Aggregate Throughput • Traffic Prioritization (4 levels) • Active Congestion Management • Low Latency, Latency Variation Flexibility and Investment Protection • Media Independent Architecture • No slot restrictions • Fast Ethernet Load Sharing • Scalability to Gigabit Ethernet • Multiple Topology Layer-3 Support • VLAN Trunking across Multiple Media Superior Integration • Multilayer VLAN Support • Multilayer Priority Support • Integrated Network Management • Integrated Cell/Frame Monitoring • Integrated ELAN/VLAN Mgt • End-to-End VLANs • End-to-End Congestion Control SMON • RMON Compliant • Unique Switch Level Traffic Monitoring • Drill-Down Capability • No Impact on Performance Complete Family • LET-10 • LET-20 • LET-36 • Visage Family
Editor's Notes
- The RS card is responsible for all non-time critical tasks of the LRE. That includes handling of the routers protocols (RIP, OSPF, SAP and ICMP), routing calculation for new destinations, ARP handling and update of the forwarding tables, SNMP agent functionality, building of the required access control tables, interface with the box agent (via the SPI bus and the 68HC11 micro-controller), interface with terminal for set-up and basic control of the module and handling of access control (not handled by the forwarding card).
- Splitting the traffic As mentioned above, all the 3LSs will have IP/IPX interfaces to each net. The IPX load is likely to be shared between the 3LSs naturally, as the loaded 3LS will probably be slower in answering RIP requests. This is not so for IP. In order to help split the IP load between the different 3LSs, the user should divide the IP nets (or the VNs) between them. Each IP (sub)net will be assigned to one 3LS, whose address should be configured as the default router to the IP stations on that net that require configuration (e.g. PCs). The other 3LSs, that also have interfaces to that net, should be configured to send in RIP only the default route with big metric. This will lead stations that learn the router&apos;s address dynamically from RIP (e.g. SUNs) to use the preferred 3LS. Similarly, if there are IP stations on that net that listen to ICMP router advertisement messages, all 3LSs except the preferred one should be configured to send these advertisements with lower preference level. This way of dividing the nets between 3LSs, and configuring RIP to send big metric accordingly, is recommended in order to minimizes the number of cases where traffic between two ports of the same switch is routed through an 3LS on another switch, unnecessarily crossing the backbone twice. IP nets that reside on VNs of one switch should be assigned to the 3LS located on that switch, and the other, remote 3LSs should be configured to only advertise themselves to these nets with big metric. The dashed lines in the figure above represent IP interfaces, over which the router sends RIP with big metric. Thus, stations will send packets to the router on their switch and the packets will only cross the backbone if they really have to get to the other side. This will not work for VNs that span multiple switches. This will not work for IPX. In order to direct stations to use the preferred 3LS, the others have to not answer RIP requests. This will hurt the redundancy, though.
- The 3LS support the emerging IP Multicast protocol for video conferenceing and forward these packets to the right VLANs as defined by the user. ( This capability isn’t supported by the current routers. The definition is static in the first ver.) When the LNS receives an IP packet whose destination address is one of the configured class D addresses, the packet is forwarded to all ports of the corresponding configured list
- Access Control The LRE shall provide access control filters for the routed data. It shall have high speed filters, implemented in the hardware, that do not reduce the performance, and low speed filters, implemented in software. The low speed filters are full set of a regular router&apos;s filters and shall be used for the cases that are not handled by the hardware. It shall provide high speed filters for the following attributes: - Station IP address - IP subnet - IPX network address - Application/service type (Telnet, FTP, etc.)
- Redundancy In IPX, the LREs will naturally provide the same level of redundancy provided by any two IPX routers (e.g. OG), i.e. the level of redundancy provided by the IPX protocol itself. When an LRE fails the stations using it will automatically start using another LRE. The backup LRE must be configured to send RIP on the interface. For IP, LRE will provide redundancy, such that if one of the LREs fails it is backed-up by another LRE, pre-configured to backup the first, without the user having to reconfigure all the IP stations on the net. The typical application will be two LREs configured to backup each other. Another application can be three LREs A, B and C, where A is configured backup to B, B to C and C to A. An LRE that is configured to backup another will monitor the other LRE&apos;s status by listening to its RIP updates, and will thus be always in a mode of either inactive or active backup. When active backup, the LRE will operate some special ARP behavior (see below). The backup LRE has interfaces to all IP subnets, with its own IP addresses. Some IP stations learn their router&apos;s IP address dynamically from RIP or ICMP router advertisement. When the LRE they use fails, these stations will eventually (order of minutes) learn the IP address of the backup LRE and start using it. The problem, unsolved usually, is with IP stations that are manually configured with the default router&apos;s IP address. These stations will never recover unless the user goes and re-configures the default router address in each of them. This burden is what usually bothers the users. Such stations will continue sending ARP requests to the IP address of the failed router. This is also true for those smarter IP stations during the minutes till they learn the new router. In order to satisfy that, the backup LRE will operate something similar to proxy-ARP. It will be configured with the first router&apos;s IP addresses as backup-address, and as long as it is active backup due to the failure of the first router it will answer ARP requests destined to those backup-addresses. Although this provides automatic recovery, sessions will break, and the IP stations will lose connectivity till they send a new ARP request for the router, since till then they continue sending IP packets to the MAC address of the failed router. A typical station&apos;s ARP refresh time is in the order of 15 minutes, but there even are stations that never refresh their ARP cache until rebooted. This will be solved by sending a &apos;loop-back ARP&apos;. When identifying the failure, the backup LRE will send an ARP request destined to itself, with the backup IP address in the sender&apos;s IP address field and its own MAC address in the sender&apos;s HW address field. Stations complying to the standard will update their ARP cache entry according to the source information in the packet, although the packet is not destined to themselves. Thus they will immediately direct their IP packets to the backup router&apos;s MAC address.
- Network Managers, also need a top-down sense of ATM network activity so they can more easily anticipate or pin-point problems before resorting to more detailed analysis. It is also important to have tools for performance analysis and trending to be able to balance utilization between switches or identify bottle-necks - like an overly busy port. A recent study has shown that a major inhibitor to the wide-spread adoption of RMON is the fact that the majority of monitoring tools are considered too complex and initially too detailed. A top-down approach is far easier to work with. These tools should be consistent with those used for Ethernet or Token Ring switch monitoring.
- So how does Switch-Monitoring fit with the the RMON standard? RMON (Remote Monitoring) is the internationally recognized standard for the detailed analysis of Ethernet and Token Ring media. Its roots are in the monitoring of shared-media. To accommodate the special needs of switch monitoring LANNET’s SMON is designed to embrace and extend RMON. The result is a powerful new architecture capable of collecting and displaying a top-down view of both cell and frame switched network activity. SMON was recently proposed to the RMON working group in the IETF and accepted as a major agenda item for 1997. SMON is also complimentary with the emerging ATM Forum ATM-RMON standard (which at the time of writing is yet to be fully ratified). ATM-RMON is focused on the challenge of monitoring ATM switches, whereas SMON embraces the monitoring of all switches - ATM, Ethernet and Token Ring. SMON is still the only solution today for true Ethernet switch monitoring.
- Only the LANswitch Plus Cellenium bus architecture allows for complete top-down monitoring. Top-down switch management employs a multi-tier approach. If there is a problem on your switch, the first thing the network manager would look at is the general condition of the cellenium bus. From there you would want to look at the total traffic on each virtual lan and then further down to particular traffic between two users. SMON then provides further analysis down to the specific hub port and finally, to a particular user station attached to that port. Using this top-down approach eliminates inefficient sequential searches characteristic of the other architectures. LANNET is the first to offer this top-down simultaneous view of ALL traffic on your LanSwitch network including ethernet, token ring, 100baseT, FDDI and ATM traffic.
- Lets take a look at SMONMaster 2.0 in action. This powerful view is NEW to SMONMaster 2.0 and extends the top down concept still further allowing Network managers to compare the relative utilization of different switches in a mesh and to rapidly respond to error conditions. (each IP address represents a Switch monitoring agent). You can drill down from here to an individual switch and then to port, user or conversation views. Note: The simultaneous view of multiple switches will not be implemented for ATM in this release - only for Ethernet (LANswitch).
- This view is of the highest level bus and virtual LAN statistics. The pie chart on the left displays the percentage of good packets versus error packets. The pie chart in the middle displays the percent of unicast versus multicast and broadcast traffic. This is a critical statistic. Too much broadcast traffic affects all the equipment on your network. If SMON displays a large number of broadcast traffic, this may be a time to segment your network into Virtual LANs. The third pie chart displays the percentage of traffic per priority.
- The graph one the bottom half show various statistics that can be plotted to show traffic performance. One of the things that can be shown here is a traffic comparison of performance on each of your virtual networks. You can simultaneously look at all the virtual lans and instantly determine which vlans are under or over untilized.
- Port and Port TopN can also be part of “top-down” problem resolution and can be used to show the busiest ports (in the case of ATM this usually also means the busiest links) which will help to balance traffic between ports/links.
- Host statistics can be used to rapidly pinpoint the “top talkers” across the switch, making it easy to measure and highlight, heavy usage, or violations of allocated QoS. From here the Host Matrix view can be used to identify “who” the offending user is talking with.
- The host matrix tools display information about conversations between all host pairs on the switch. The display is color coded for quick indication of active conversations, relative traffic levels, and diagnosis of error percentages. By analyzing conversations between equipment, you can easily determine which users are using network equipment, such as routers or file servers, the most and allow you to partition or isolate that traffic using, for example, virtual LANs. As another example, if you have many file servers on your network, the matrix would be able to instantly show you which servers are being over and which are bing under utilitzed. In summary, the host matrix tool provides a unique view - allowing you to view traffic port to port . That is the way traffic actually flows through the switch.
- Fully Distributed Switching Architecture - No single point of failure Hot Swappable Modules Redundant/ Load Sharing Power Supplies Multiple Management Station Support with Distributed Management On-board Configuration Stores Separate Management, High-speed and Multiple Ethernet Buses