This document discusses lactation and its management. It is divided into four stages: mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactokinesis, and galactopoiesis. Mammogenesis involves the development of the breasts into a functional state, starting from birth through puberty and continuing in pregnancy. During pregnancy, progesterone, estrogen, and prolactin contribute to increased growth and differentiation of breast structures. The secretion from breasts is called colostrum, which starts during pregnancy and is higher in protein, vitamin A, sodium, and chloride than mature breast milk.

1. LACTATION
AND ITS
MANAGEMENT

2. LACTATION
• For the first 2 days following delivery, no
further anatomic changes in the breasts occur.
The secretion from the breasts called
colostrum, which starts during pregnancy.

3. COMPOSITION OF THE COLOSTRUM
• It is deep yellow serous fluid, alkaline in
reaction. It has got a higher specific gravity; a
high protein, vitamin A, sodium and chloride
content but has got lower carbohydrate, fat
and potassium than the breast milk

4. Physiology of Lactation
Lactation can be divided into 4 stages:
1. Mammogenesis-Development of breasts to a
functional state
2. Lactogenesis-Synthesis and secretion of milk
from the breast alveoli
3. Galactokinesis-Ejection of milk outside the
breast
4. Galactopoiesis-Maintenance of lactation

5. 1.Mammogenesis
• Growth of ducts and lobuloalveolar systems
• This starts from birth to puberty and
continues in pregnancy

8. During pregnancy
• In early pregnancy a marked increase in ductular and
lobular formation.
• Progesterone:causes increased growth of alveoli size
and lobes,
• Estrogen:Stimulates milk duct system to grow and
differentiate, deposition of fat.
• Prolactin:contributes to increased growth and
differentiation of the alveoli and ductal structures.

11. CONT..
• The secretary activity is enhanced growth
hormone, thyroxine, glucocorticoids and
insulin.