This document outlines a lab assignment on programming fundamentals in C++. The lab covers variable declaration, data types, keywords, program structure, and input/output statements. Students are instructed to write, compile, and run programs that demonstrate calculating sums and averages, declaring constants, and using different variable types like int, float, char, and string. The document provides example programs and step-by-step instructions for students to complete the assignment.

1. F P 201 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL
LAB 1: VARIABLE, KEYWORD AND DATA TYPES
Objectives
By the end of this lab, students should be able to :
• Describe the structure of C++ programmes
• Write, compile and run simple C++ programmes
• Identify and list keywords
• List and define the various data types
• Define variables and constants
Theory/ Topics
• A program must have the function named main().
• Structure of C++ programmes
o The structure of a simple C++ programme is similar to the
structure of C.
Structure Program
< Comment Entry> // First C++ program
< Preprocessor directives > #include <iostream>
#include <string>
main function int main()
{ {
< declaration stat >; int a;
< C++ Statements >; cout << "Welcome to
} Programming n”;
return 0;
}
Table 1.1 : Structure of C++ Programme
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2. F P 201 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL
Consider the code in the given program:
1. // is used to comment a single line. In addition to // symbol,
C++ supports /* */ for comment entry operation. /* */ is
used to comment a set of statements.
2. #include <iostream> includes the header file for the
program.
3. main() is the function where the program is written.
4. int a; is the variable declaration.
5. cout is used to display the output statements.
6. Every statement is terminated with a semi-colon, similar to
C.
• Keywords - have a strict meaning as individual tokens in C++.
They cannot be redefined or used in other contexts.
• Identifier - Sequence of letters, digits and the special character "_"
which is called an underscore. A letter or underscore must be the
first character of an identifier.
As C++ program is built from C, the C++ compiler supports all the
features of C.
The following are the steps involved in writing, compiling and
executing a C++ program :
1. Open Microsoft Visual C++ and type the program.
2. Save the file with the corresponding extension
(filename.cpp)
3. Compile the program.
4. Build & execute/run the program.
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3. F P 201 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL
Lab 1A
Procedure :
Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as lab1A.cpp.
The following program finds the sum of two numbers and displays it.
// Program to add two numbers
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int a, b, sum;
a = 5;
b = 2;
sum = a + b;
cout << "The sum is: " << sum << "n";
}
Lab 1B
Procedure :
Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Change the statement cout << "The sum is: " << sum; in line
9 to cout << "The average is: " << sum/2;
Step 4: Save the program as lab1B.cpp.
// Program to find the average of two numbers
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4. F P 201 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int a, b, sum;
a = 5;
b = 2;
sum = a + b;
cout << "The sum is: " << sum;
}
Lab 1C
Procedure :
Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as lab1C.cpp.
// The following program illustrates variable and
// constant declaration.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const float PI = 3.14;
void main()
{
double radius = 3.0;
double circumference;
circumference = 2 * PI * radius;
cout << "Circumference = " << circumference <<endl;
}
Lab 1D
Procedure :
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5. F P 201 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL
Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as lab1D.cpp.
// The following program illustrates variable and
// constant declaration.
#include <iostream>
#define PI 3.14
using namespace std;
void main()
{
double radius = 3.0;
double circumference;
circumference = 2 * PI * radius;
cout << "Circumference = " << circumference <<endl;
}
Lab 1E
Procedure :
Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as lab1E.cpp.
Program to show the declaration and initialization of variables
with float, double, char, int and boolean data type.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
char grade = 'F';
float price = 77.01;
double average = 145525.92;
bool boolean_variable = true;
int age = 50;
cout << price <<"t"<< average <<"t"<<grade<<"t"<<
boolean_variable <<"t"<<age<<endl;
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6. F P 201 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL
}
Lab 1F
Procedure :
Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as lab1F.cpp.
Program to show the declaration and initialization of variables
with string data type.
// my first string
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void main ()
{
string mystring = "This is a string";
cout << mystring;
}
LAB EXERCISE
1. Describe the functionality of using
a. #include <string> as Preprocessor directives
b. int main (void) as main function
2. For each statement below, write doen the suitable variable
declaration:
a. the number of month in a year
b. the sum of x + y if given x = 5 and y = 10
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7. F P 201 - PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL
3. Based on IPO chart information below:
a. Declare the variable in C++ by using the appropriate data type
b. Transform the Algorithm into C++ code
IPO Chart Information
Input Processing Output
Number of late days = 7 Calculate amount Display
Number of late charge = 0.2 amount
Algorithm
1. Declare the number of
late days, late charges
and amount
2. Calculate the amount by
multiplying the number
of late days with late
charge
3. Display amount
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