This document defines and describes different types of strikes according to the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. It begins by defining a strike as a cessation of work by a group of employees in an industry acting together or refusing work under common agreement. It then describes various types of strikes including economic strikes to improve wages/conditions, sympathetic strikes in support of others, general strikes involving many workers, and sit-down, slow-down, hunger, gherao, boycott, and wildcat strikes. It provides examples and explanations of each type. The document also discusses when strikes may be justified or unjustified and outlines penalties for illegal strikes according to the Act.

1. STRIKE
Presented by
Deepak K Ajayan

2. “STRIKE” has been defined in section 2(q) of the
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 in the following
words:
“ ‘Strike’ means a cessation of work by a
body of persons employed in any industry, acting
in combination or a refusal, or a refusal under a
common understanding, of any number of
persons who are or have been so employed to
continue to work or to accept employment.”

3. WHAT IS STRIKE?
 A strike action is when a large no. of people used to
pressure government or an Organisation to change the
policy.
 Strike is a very powerful weapon to get its demands
accepted by a trade union or in the hand it’s the way of
showing strength of a union .

4.  The use of English word “strike” first appeared in
1768, when sailors in support of demonstration in
London. removed the topgallant sails of merchant
ships at port, thus crippling the ships.
 According to industrial disputes act, 1947, Strike
means , “cessation of work by a group of workers for
the purpose of bringing pressures on their
employers to accept their demands”.

5. TYPES OF STRIKES
ECONOMIC STRIKES
SYMPATHETIC STRIKES
GENERAL STRIKES
SIT-DOWN STRIKES
SLOW-DOWN STRIKES
HUNGER STRIKES
GHERAO
BOYCOTT
WILDCAT STRIKES

6. 1. Economic strikes
Strikes arise for a number of reasons, though principally in
response to economic conditions.
Economic strike is conducted by the workers to improve wages
, benefits or to improve work conditions and facilities provided
to them.

7. SYMPATHETIC STRIKES
This type of strike is conducted in support of other
workers who are on strike.
In this case the workers may not have direct injustice
from the employer of the former union of workers.

8. GENERAL STRIKES
A general strike is a strike action in which a
substantial proportion of the total workers in a
region or country participates.
It may also be an extension of the sympathetic
strike to express generalized protest by the
workers.

9. SIT-DOWN STRIKES
A sit-down strike is a form of civil disobedience in which a
group of workers, usually employed at a factory take
possession of the workplace by "sitting down" at their
stations.
Main reason behind this is preventing their employers from
replacing them with strikebreakers or in some cases moving
production to other locations.
It is also called tools down or pens down strike.

10. SLOW-DOWN STRIKES
A slowdown is an industrial action in which
employees perform their duties but seek to reduce
productivity or efficiency in their performance of
these duties.
It an alternative to a strike, as it is seen as less
disruptive as well as less risky and costly for
workers employers

11. HUNGER STRIKES
It is followed either by leaders or by some
workers or by both for a limited period. The
purpose is to create sympathy of the employer &
to attract the attention of the public. It is non-
violent in nature.
In this method the participants try to
provoke feelings of guilt in others or the
employers , usually with the objective to achieve
a specific goal, such as a policy change.

12. GHERAO
Gherao, meaning "encirclement," is a word originally
from Hindi . This type of strike is restricted to India only
.
Usually, a group of people would surround a politician
or a government building until their demands are met, or
answers given.
It form of industrial action in India in which workers
imprison their
employers on the premises until their demands are met

13. BOYCOTT
A boycott is an act of voluntarily abstaining
from using, buying, or dealing with a person,
organization, or country as an expression of
protest.
In this case workers decide not to use the
company’s products the appealing the public
to do so. It is an voluntary withdrawal of co-
operation.

14. WILDCAT STRIKES
It is suddenly announced, without notice or at
very short notice & thereafter the issues of
disputes are discussed .
This type of strike action is taken by workers
without the authorization of their trade union
officials.
This is sometimes termed unofficial
industrial action

15. JUSTIFIED
 WHEN EXISTING FACILITIES
WITHDRAWN, BENEFITS
WITHDRAWN.
 UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE BY
MANAGEMENT.
 NO RESPONSE FROM
MANAGEMENT IN SPITE OF
REFERRING A DEMAND & ISSUING
A REMINDER.
UNJUSTIFIED
 STRIKES LAUNCHED FOR
POLITICAL REASONS.
 DEMANDS ARE EXCESSIVE, NOT
FEASIBLE AND UNREASONABLE

16. Section 26
Penalty for illegal strikes and lock-outs
Any workman who commences, continues or
otherwise acts in furtherance, of, a strike which
is illegal under that Act, shall be punishable
with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to one month, or with fine which may
extend to fifty rupees, or with both.

17. Any employer who commences, continues,
or otherwise acts in furtherance of a lock-out
which is illegal under this Act, shall be
punishable with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to one month, or with fine
which may extend to one thousand rupees, or
with both.

18. Section 74
Report of notice of strike or
lock-out
The report of notice of a
strike or lock-out to be
submitted by the employer
under sub-section (6) of
section 22 shall be sent by
registered post or given
personally to the Assistant
Labour Commissioner
(Central) appointed for the

19. (1) The Administrative Department of the
Government of India concerned,
(2) The Regional Labour Commissioner
(Central) for the Zone,
(3) Chief Labour Commissioner (Central),
(4) Ministry of Labour of the Government
of India,
(5) Labour Department of the State
Government concerned, and
(6) The District Magistrate Concerned.

20. Thankyou