Each person in the laboratory should maintain a hardbound laboratory notebook with
continuously numbered pages as a permanent record of his or her work and ideas.
this lecture describes the various procedures and maintenance steps that should be taken to insure that all lab equipment are working well in a controlled manner for the guarantee of accuracy of microbiological test results.
this lecture describes the various procedures and maintenance steps that should be taken to insure that all lab equipment are working well in a controlled manner for the guarantee of accuracy of microbiological test results.
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY , THE CHROMATOGRAPHY BASED ON ITS TYPES LIKE RESINS AND MORE ITS TYPES OFION EXCHANGE RESINS, THE DIFFERENT TYPES HAVE DIFFERENT ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
fluid chromatography (SFC) can be used on an analytical
scale.
It is a combination of High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
and Gas chromatography (GC).
It can be used with non-volatile and thermally labile analytes.
It can be used with the universal flame ionization detector.
It is important to producing narrower peaks due to rapid diffusion.
It is important for the chiral separations and analysis of high-molecularweight
hydrocarbons.
Supercritical fluids are suitable as a substitute for organic solvents in a
range of industrial and laboratory processes.
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY , THE CHROMATOGRAPHY BASED ON ITS TYPES LIKE RESINS AND MORE ITS TYPES OFION EXCHANGE RESINS, THE DIFFERENT TYPES HAVE DIFFERENT ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
fluid chromatography (SFC) can be used on an analytical
scale.
It is a combination of High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
and Gas chromatography (GC).
It can be used with non-volatile and thermally labile analytes.
It can be used with the universal flame ionization detector.
It is important to producing narrower peaks due to rapid diffusion.
It is important for the chiral separations and analysis of high-molecularweight
hydrocarbons.
Supercritical fluids are suitable as a substitute for organic solvents in a
range of industrial and laboratory processes.
The laboratory notebook is an essential working tool for the researcher. It is used for documenting and dating any experiments, work, research results and original ideas. Laboratory notebook is the memory of the researchers (traceability) and an element for excellence and professionalism in the field of scientific research. Additionally, it can be considered as an essential tool to protect the research results and as a key element in the technology transfer policy. This laboratory notebook established by the LIEU network was adopted simultaneously by all the French speaking universities in Belgium in 2005.
www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
Literature:-
Any written materials published in book, journal, magazine, novel, poetry, yearbook and encyclopedia are considered as literature.
The literature review is integral part of the entire research process.
It makes a value contribution.
The literature review begin before a research problem is finalized and continues until the report in finished.
(CHE 276) Organic Chemistry Laboratory Lab References
Totah rev. 8/2011
5
The Laboratory Notebook
Your notebook will serve as a permanent record of your experimental work. It will contain the
information you need to complete your work efficiently and safely, and you will use the information
contained in your notebook to write laboratory reports explaining your results. For these reasons, it is
important that your notebook be complete and accurate. As a general rule, a good notebook is one from
which someone else can repeat your experimental work in the same way that you have done it.
I. General Guidelines:
1. Your notebook must be bound, the pages numbered, and have a carbon copy.
2. Write your name, the course name, and section # on the cover or front page.
3. Always use permanent ink, not pencil.
4. Write it down NOW. Your notebook is a log of what you do as you do it.
5. Use complete sentences.
6. Write everything in your notebook. Weights, temperatures, everything! When recording
experimental data, always include units.
7. Do not erase! If you make an error, draw a single line through it, and continue. The original
statement should still be legible.
8. Never remove original pages from your notebook. You may remove carbon copies.
9. Date every page as you use it.
10. Write legibly! If your notebook is illegible it will not be graded.
II. The Notebook:
Each experiment recorded in your notebook should contain the sections outlined below. A carbon
copy of your notebook pages will be collected at the end of each laboratory period and will graded as
a part of your lab report. Late notebook pages will not be accepted.
Sections A - E must be completed before you begin the experiment. This is the prelab. Your TA will
verify that this section is complete. You will not be allowed to proceed with the experiment if you
have not completed the prelab.
Section F, the Experimental, is recorded as you proceed each day.
Prelab: Completed before you arrive.
A. Title:
Give the experiment an accurate, descriptive title.
B. Purpose:
Discuss the general purpose of the experiment in two or three sentences. If the experiment is a
synthesis (as opposed to a technique), write the chemical equation, including reagents and
expected product(s). For multistep syntheses, write one equation for each transformation, including
the preparation of reagents.
(CHE 276) Organic Chemistry Laboratory The Laboratory Notebook
6
Totah rev. 8/2011
C. References:
Cite the reference upon which your experimental procedure is based. In most cases this will be
your laboratory manual and/or a supplemental handout. Also cite the source(s) of the information
found in the Chemical Properties & Safety table (part D).
D. Chemical Properties & Safety:
Make a table that lists the chemical properties of all reactants, reag.
(CHE 276) Organic Chemistry Laboratory Lab References
Totah rev. 8/2011
5
The Laboratory Notebook
Your notebook will serve as a permanent record of your experimental work. It will contain the
information you need to complete your work efficiently and safely, and you will use the information
contained in your notebook to write laboratory reports explaining your results. For these reasons, it is
important that your notebook be complete and accurate. As a general rule, a good notebook is one from
which someone else can repeat your experimental work in the same way that you have done it.
I. General Guidelines:
1. Your notebook must be bound, the pages numbered, and have a carbon copy.
2. Write your name, the course name, and section # on the cover or front page.
3. Always use permanent ink, not pencil.
4. Write it down NOW. Your notebook is a log of what you do as you do it.
5. Use complete sentences.
6. Write everything in your notebook. Weights, temperatures, everything! When recording
experimental data, always include units.
7. Do not erase! If you make an error, draw a single line through it, and continue. The original
statement should still be legible.
8. Never remove original pages from your notebook. You may remove carbon copies.
9. Date every page as you use it.
10. Write legibly! If your notebook is illegible it will not be graded.
II. The Notebook:
Each experiment recorded in your notebook should contain the sections outlined below. A carbon
copy of your notebook pages will be collected at the end of each laboratory period and will graded as
a part of your lab report. Late notebook pages will not be accepted.
Sections A - E must be completed before you begin the experiment. This is the prelab. Your TA will
verify that this section is complete. You will not be allowed to proceed with the experiment if you
have not completed the prelab.
Section F, the Experimental, is recorded as you proceed each day.
Prelab: Completed before you arrive.
A. Title:
Give the experiment an accurate, descriptive title.
B. Purpose:
Discuss the general purpose of the experiment in two or three sentences. If the experiment is a
synthesis (as opposed to a technique), write the chemical equation, including reagents and
expected product(s). For multistep syntheses, write one equation for each transformation, including
the preparation of reagents.
(CHE 276) Organic Chemistry Laboratory The Laboratory Notebook
6
Totah rev. 8/2011
C. References:
Cite the reference upon which your experimental procedure is based. In most cases this will be
your laboratory manual and/or a supplemental handout. Also cite the source(s) of the information
found in the Chemical Properties & Safety table (part D).
D. Chemical Properties & Safety:
Make a table that lists the chemical properties of all reactants, reag ...
هذا العرض يركز علي قانون حوافز العلوم والإبتكار الذي أطلقته الدولة لنشاء شركات من منتجات البحث العلمي في الجامعات
تم القاء هذه المحاضرة في المنتسي السنوي للبيئة بكلية العلوم امعة طنطا
COVID-19 and Immunity The 21th Threat, By Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, PhD
Prof. of Immunology, Faculty of Science
Director, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Egypt
Talk outlines
Historical Pandemic outbreaks
Basics of Coronavirus and COVID-19
Immune Responses to the new Coronavirus
Anti-Coronavirus treatments
My contribution
This lecture was presented at the Faculty of Science, Tanta University to undergraduate students during the 1st forum organized by Tanta University Scientific Society (TSSS), October 2021
This lecture was presented online on November 6, 2021, in response to an invitation by the Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Egypt
Scientists but Writers by Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, Tanta University, EgyptProf. Mohamed Labib Salem
علماء ولكن أدباء
ا.د. محمد لبيب سالم
أستاذ علم المناعة بكلية العلوم جامعة طنطا
كاتب وروائي وعضو اتحاد كتاب مصر
بدعوة من الجامعة المصرية اليابانية
21 June 2021
By Mohamed Labib Salem, PhD
Prof. of ImmunologyFaculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
The Scientific Conference on Laboratory Diagnosis and ICSI
المؤتمر العلمى الدولى
للحقن المجهرى والتشخيص المعملى
15 March 2013, Damanhur, Egypt
The Route to Research Fundraising: Tanta University as a Success Story ;By: P...Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem
The Route to Research Fundraising: Tanta University as a Success Story
By: Prof. Mohamed L. Salem
Director, Grants, Innovation & Technology Transfer Center (GITTC)
Tanta University, Egypt
Presented at the Fundraising Session, the Annual Conference of Faculty of Medicine 19-3-2014, Tanta University, Egypt
Egypt: The Beating Heart of The World (By Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, China, 2...Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem
By DR. Mohamed Labib Salem, PhD
Prof. of Immunology
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science
Director, Competitive Project Unit
Tanta University, Egypt
Presented to:
The Student Union of the Institute of Biophysics
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing, China
February 23, 2012
How to Establish Animal Core Facility (VIVARIUM) by Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem...Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem
By Dr. Mohamed L. Salem, PhD
Prof. of Immunology
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
Presented at the AEAS Annual Conference of AEAS, Cairo
December 18, 2006
Fostering The Roles of Universities In Implementing The Sustainable Developm...Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem
Fostering The Roles of Universities In Implementing The Sustainable Development of The Surrounding Community
By Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, PhD
Professor of Immunology
Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
Presented at:
Presented at the 2nd Int. Environment Forum:
New Environmental Horizons of Sustainable Environment
27-29 November 2008, Tanta University, Egypt
Chemotherapy Friends or Foe to Cancer Immunotherapy by Prof. Mohamed L. SalemProf. Mohamed Labib Salem
This talk is presented by Mohamed Labib Salem, Ph.D.; Prof. of Immunology; Director, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Egypt
at the 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY AND ITS ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT (15TH ICCRD), August 9, 2021
Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
Trans disciplinary research is a must for excellence in science by Prof. Moha...Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem
In this talk, Prof. Mohamed L. Salem presents the importance of having a center of excellence at each institute to enhance and foster scientific research and innovation.
Biotechnology and lab. animals by Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, Tamta UniversityProf. Mohamed Labib Salem
In this lecture, Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, Prof. of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt presents information on the role of animals in proofing ideas in bench and make it available to clinical trials. The lecture van useful for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in genetics, molecular biology and biomedical sector.
Immune Responses To The Pandemic New Coronavirus (COVID-19)by Prof. Mohamed L...Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem
In response to an invitation from Benha University, in this presentation, Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, Prof. of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt, presents entitled "Immune Responses To The Pandemic New Coronavirus (COVID-19)".
في هذه المحاضرة يقدم يا.د. محمد لبيب سالم أستاذ علم المناعة بكلية العلوم جامعة طنطا مصر محاضرة عن فيروس كورونا والمناعة
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
3. Seminars
• A seminar is a meeting with a limited
number of experts to exchange experience
on a specific subject with the purpose of
enhancing knowledge and understanding of
that subject.
• The duration of a seminar could be from 1 to
5 working days.
4. Workshops
• A Workshop is meeting of individuals which
usually cover one specific area. It includes
group discussions, new organizational
changes and several suggestions for coping
with them.
5. Conferences
• A Conference is a meeting of individuals or
representatives of various bodies for the
purpose of discussing and/or acting on topics
of common interest.
6. Symposium
• A Symposium is originally referred to a drinking party
(the Greek verb sympotein means "to drink
together").
• How do we know what we know?
• A formal meeting at which academics, researchers,
clinicians and other specialists make presentations on
particular subjects and discussed with a view to
making recommendations concerning the problems
under discussion.
• It is characterized by an openly discursive format,
rather than a lecture and question-answer format
8. Steps of Doing Research
Publish
Refine
Experimentation
?
Notebook
(Raw Data) work
Hypothesis/Planning
9. The Role of the Laboratory Notebook
The laboratory notebook is a complete
record of what you have done in the
laboratory
10. The Role of the Laboratory Notebook
The laboratory notebook is
a draft of your papers!
11. The Role of the Laboratory Notebook
In both academic and industrial
settings, the notebook is a legal
document that records your original
work
12. The Role of the Laboratory Notebook
• In a "real life" research situation, someone
may have to reproduce your work several
years after you have left the laboratory.
• The only record they will have to rely on will
be what you wrote in your notebook.
13. The Role of The Laboratory Notebooks
• Lab notebooks in general are used by scientists
and technicians to document research,
experiments and procedures performed in a
laboratory.
• A lab notebook is often maintained to be a legal
document and may be used in a court of law as
evidence.
• Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab
notebook is also often referred to in patent
prosecution and intellectual property litigation.
14. The laboratory notebooks are
occasionally subpoenaed
• For example, in 1995 Exxon and Dow Chemical
became embroiled in a patent dispute that arose
when both companies claimed to have invented a
catalyst within two weeks of each other.
• That dispute involves a product line worth
hundreds of millions of dollars per year and has
yet to be resolved.
• Both companies are building their cases around
laboratory records and employee depositions.
• Corporations require employees to keep, sign and
witness each the record week!
15. Types of Laboratory Notebooks
A Composition
Notebook
An Open
An Electronic
Notebook
Notebook
Science
18. Laboratory Notebook Specifications
• Most lab time should be devoted to
experimental work rather than writing.
• It is useless to do the work unless it is properly
recorded for later use and reflection.
• Your notebook should be neat, orderly and
complete for someone else to be able to read it
and to understand what you did and the results
you obtained.
• NEVER use intermediate scratch sheets.
19. Laboratory Notebook Specifications
• The notebook should be bound, with numbered
pages.
• The first three pages should be reserved for a
table of contents which must be kept up to date.
• Each experiment should begin on a new page.
• Never put information from more than one
experiment on a page.
• Include the following items on EVERY page:
• The title of the experiment ("continued.." if applicable)
• Your name
• The date
20. Laboratory Notebook Specifications
• Mistakes are to be clearly crossed out but left
in a legible manner. The reason for any
correction should be noted.
• Do not skip pages in your laboratory
notebook to allow space for the completion
of an incomplete experiment.
• Instead, make references on the pages
involved such as "continued from page 7" or
"continued on page 9".
21. Alexander Graham Bell's
Laboratory Notebook
American Treasures of the
Library of Congress.
Alexander Graham Bell's
notebook entry of March 10,
1876, describes the first
successful experiment with
the telephone, during which
he spoke through the
instrument to his assistant,
Thomas A. Watson, in the
next room. Bell writes, "I then
shouted into M [the
mouthpiece] the following
sentence: 'Mr. Watson, come
here, I want to see you.' To
my delight he came and
declared that he had heard
and understood what I said."
22. Alexander Graham Bell's
Laboratory Notebook
American Treasures of the
Library of Congress.
The Bell papers were donated
to the Library of Congress by
his heirs on June 2, 1975, the
centenary of the day Bell
discovered the principle that
made the invention of the
telephone possible. This
extraordinarily rich collection
totals about 130,000 items
and documents in great detail
Bell's entire career, ranging
from his work on the
telephone to his interest in
aeronautics and physics.
23. Lab Notebook: Components
1. Procedure
2. Data
3. Comments
4. Result evaluation
Comments, Data and Procedure belong together.
They should not be separated under 3 different
headings.
24. Components: Daily Procedure
• Procedure should be written as each portion
of the experiment is performed.
• The procedure should be as short as
possible and still contain enough of the
detail that another BIOLOGIST could repeat
your work.
25. Daily Procedure: Phases
• Before you come to lab…………………….
• During each laboratory period………....
• After each laboratory period…………….
26. Daily Procedure: Before
• Before coming to the laboratory, write a short
paragraph stating….
– the readout to be measured,
– the method will be used to measure the readout.
– the results which are expected to be obtained.
27. Daily Procedure: Before and during
• Before you come to lab,
– review the experiment and make any necessary
calculations in your notebook..
– You will get out of lab MUCH faster if you are
prepared ahead of time and understand the
experiment you are about to perform.
• During each laboratory period,
– enter data and comments in your book according
to the guidelines given below.
28. Daily Procedure: At The End
Clean up your lab area and equipment, making
sure to leave common equipment in equal or
better condition than you found it.
Give your notebook to your instructor to
inspect and initial. If everything is in order, the
instructor will initial and date your book.
If you perform calculations outside the lab or
work up data, be sure to enter these in your
notebook and turn in the duplicate pages
during your next laboratory period.
29. Components: Data
• All data and descriptions should be entered
directly into your lab notebook.
• Numbers must be written along with their units.
• There should be some explanation or heading for
every set of numbers.
• You should do short calculations, such as
subtraction of weightings, additions, etc., right on
the data page before you turn it in and leave lab.
30. Components: Data
• Chemicals should be described by the name
and formula.
• Manufacturer, grade, and lot number should
be given where possible.
• Equipments should be described either by a
labeled sketch or a complete reference to the
detailed description in the literature.
31. Components: Data
• It is not necessary to describe standard or
"everyday" glassware or hardware which
might be used in any experiment.
• Larger or special equipment and instruments
should be described:
– Name of item (or description) and size if
applicable
– Manufacturer and model number or catalog
number
32.
33. This page from Brannock's
laboratory notebook
shows how he figured out
how the device would
work.
In 1925, Charles F.
Brannock invented the
Brannock Device to
measure feet and
determine shoe size. He
got the idea while working
in his father’s shoe store,
the Park-Brannock, in
Syracuse, New York. He
was 22 years old.
34. Components: Comments
• Put down anything that might be pertinent
or helpful.
• It is better to write down things which you
may not need than to leave out something
significant.
• The comments may be in "note" form as
long as they are complete enough to be
intelligible to others.
35. Components: Result Evaluation
• Collect your results and organize them so
that they can be easily assimilated and
compared.
• Tables and graphs should be titled and
completely labeled.
• You may want to plot several pieces of similar
information on the same graph for easy
comparison.
36. Experimental: Result Evaluation
• Be familiar with generally used methods of treating
experimental data.
• Include a discussion of the significance and reliability
of the results with sufficient discussion to justify the
use of your procedures.
• Illustrate all computations by writing the appropriate
formula or equation, substituting a sample set of data
(with units) and listing the answer.
• Propagation of Errors:
• If you are reporting a number, it MUST have an error!!
37. Experimental: Result Evaluation
• If you develop a computer program for
analyzing your data, the print out from the
program must be neatly stapled into your
notebook.
• Also include a listing of the program, which
should be neatly stapled into your notebook.
• Acknowledge any help in programming from
outside sources, including help from your
fellow students.
38. Experimental: Result Evaluation
• Your experimental result should be compared
with accepted or typical literature values.
• Record the source in your notebook for use in
your lab report.
• Comparisons should include notations of
significantly different experimental
conditions or procedures.
• Both absolute and relative differences should
be included.
39. Experimental: Result Evaluation
• If there is a circumstance which would
explain good or bad results, describe it and
give an estimate of its magnitude and effect.
• If you have suggestions for improvements in
the design or recommended experimental
procedures, make them clear in this part.
40. Example:
1. The page has the
date.
2. That a typing error
has resulted in a
033 when 003 was
intended. The error
is clearly indicated.
3. Whiteout has been
used to correct a
mistake. This is
usually considered
bad laboratory
practice.
From the research Notebook of
Professor (Emeritus) R.E.
Azuma of the Department of
Physics, University of Toronto
41. This is a series of
notes on some of
the computer
issues relating to
these
experiments.
Note that
Professor Azuma
has two clear
opinions on
some of the
conventions of
his software
environment
42. The first page
shows some
bad news:
much of the
proceeding
work will have
to be re-done
48. Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
• An electronic lab notebook (ELN) is a software
program designed to replace paper laboratory
notebooks.
• ELN are a fairly new technology and offer many
benefits to the user as well as organizations.
• For example ELN are easier to search upon,
support collaboration amongst many users, and
can be made more secure than their paper
counterparts.
49. Types of ELNs
• "Specific ELNs" contain features designed to
work with specific applications, scientific
instrumentation or data types.
• "Cross-disciplinary ELNs" or "Generic ELNs"
are designed to support access to all data and
information that needs to be recorded in a
lab notebook.
50. A Good ELN
• Offers a secure environment to protect the
integrity of both data and process.
• Afford the flexibility to adopt new processes
or changes to existing processes without
recourse to further software development.
51. A Good ELN
• Should be an "out of the box" solution for
inclusion of structures, spectra,
chromatograms, pictures, text, etc where a
preconfigured form is less appropriate.
• All data within the system should be stored in
a database and therefore be fully searchable.
• The system should enable data to be
collected, stored and retrieved.
52. A Good ELN
• Should enable secure forms to be generated that
accept laboratory data input via PCs and/or
laptops / palmtops.
• Should be directly linked to electronic devices
such as laboratory balances, pH meters, etc.
• Networked or wireless communications should
be accommodated for by the package which will
allow data to be interrogated, tabulated, checked,
approved, stored and archived to comply with the
latest regulatory guidance and legislation.
53. A Good ELN
• Should include a scheduling option for routine
procedures such as equipment qualification and
study related timelines.
• Should include configurable qualification
requirements to automatically verify that
instruments have been cleaned and calibrated
within a specified time period, that reagents have
been QC'd and are not expired, and that workers
are trained and authorized to use the equipment
and perform the procedures.
54. Four Major Concerns?
1. Business perspective: the admissibility of electronic
records in support of patent interferences and patent
infringements; the costs associated with an electronic
solution, and compliance issues.
2. Technology perspective: doubt about the available
technologies that are able to preserve electronic
records over the long term.
3. User perspective: worry about change management
and the impact upon scientists of replacing an
established and proven documentation process.
56. Open Notebook Science (ONS)
• ONS is the practice of making the entire
primary record of a research project publicly
available online as it is recorded.
• This involves placing the personal, or
laboratory, notebook of the researcher online
along with all raw and processed data, and
any associated material, as this material is
generated.
57. Advantages of ONS
• Enables other scientists to obtain detailed
descriptions of procedures, raw and analyzed
data to either compare with their own work or
to build on.
• Can improve the communication of science,
increase the rate at which research can
progress, and reduce time lost due to the
repetition of failed experiments.
58. Disadvantages of ONS
• ‘Data theft' or 'being scooped‘
• ‘Data deluge‘: how to cope with the huge
quantity of non peer reviewed material most
of which are of poor quality.
• ‘My notebook is too specific' for it to be of
interest to anyone else.
• “Prior publication”: making it impossible to
patent or publish the results in the traditional
peer reviewed literature.