C++ Programming C++ involves writing code to solve problems or create software applications using the C++ programming language. C++ is a powerful and versatile programming language widely used for developing system software, application software, device drivers, embedded software, and much more.Here are some key aspects of C++ programming:
Syntax: C++ syntax is similar to C, but with additional features such as classes, inheritance, polymorphism, templates, and more.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): C++ supports OOP, allowing you to organize code into classes and objects, encapsulate data, and implement inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
Standard Template Library (STL): C++ includes a rich set of libraries called the Standard Template Library (STL), which provides containers (like vectors, lists, maps), algorithms (sorting, searching), and other utilities.
Memory Management: C++ gives you control over memory management, allowing you to allocate and deallocate memory using new and delete operators. However, this also means you need to manage memory carefully to avoid memory leaks and other issues.
Performance: C++ is known for its performance and efficiency. It allows low-level manipulation of resources, direct access to hardware, and efficient use of memory.
Platform Independence: C++ code can be compiled to run on different platforms, making it suitable for cross-platform development.
Compile-Time Polymorphism: C++ supports both compile-time polymorphism (achieved through function overloading and templates) and runtime polymorphism (achieved through inheritance and virtual functions).
Exceptions Handling: C++ provides exception handling mechanisms to deal with runtime errors and anomalies gracefully.
IO Streams: C++ offers powerful input/output capabilities through the use of IO streams, which provide a flexible and easy-to-use interface for reading from and writing to files, the console, and other sources.
Multi-threading: C++ has support for multi-threading, allowing you to create concurrent programs for better performance and responsiveness.
When programming in C++, it's essential to pay attention to memory management, avoid undefined behavior, and follow best practices to write efficient and maintainable code. Additionally, understanding the language's features and utilizing them effectively can lead to more robust and elegant solutions. If you have any specific questions or need help with a particular aspect of C++ programming, feel free to ask!Templates: C++ supports templates, allowing you to write generic code that works with any data type. Templates are powerful tools for creating reusable and flexible code.
Lambda Expressions: C++11 introduced lambda expressions, which provide a concise way to define anonymous functions. Lambdas are useful for writing inline functions, especially in algorithms and callback scenarios.
Smart Pointers: C++11 introduced smart pointers (std::unique_ptr, std::shared_ptr, std::weak_ptr), which h
2. Pre and Post Practice
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=b=2;
++a;
a++;
a++;
cout<<a;
getch();
}
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=2; b=2;
++b;
b++;
a++;
a++;
cout<<a<<b;
getch();
}
Output of
a
Output of
a
b
3. Pre and Post Practice
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=b=8;
--a;
a--;
--a;
a--;
cout<<a;
getch();
}
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=4; b=4;
--b;
b--;
a--;
a--;
cout<<a<<b;
getch();
}
Output of
a
Output of
a
b
10. Use of Unary Operators into = statement
Output as
c=4
d=5
Output as
c=4
d=5
Output as
c=4
d=5
b=6
11. Use of Unary Operators in = statement
Output as
D=8
E=11
A=12
Output as
D=8
E=11
A=12
B=7
12. Pre and Post Practice
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=b=8;
a = b++;
a = a+2;
++a;
b = a++;
cout<<a<<b;
getch();
}
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=b=8;
b = ++b;
a = a++;
a--;
b = --a;
cout<<a<<b++;
getch();
}
13. Pre and Post into Expression
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=b=8;
c = a + ++a + ++a;
cout<<a<<c;
getch();
}
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
c = ++b + --b + b++;
cout<<b<<c;
getch();
}
14. Pre and Post Expression
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=b=8;
a = b + ++a + ++b;
cout<<a<<b;
getch();
}
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c; a=b=c=4;
a = ++a + --a + b++;
cout<<a<<b;
getch();
}
15. Pre and Post Expression
}
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c; a=b=c=4;
a = ++a + --a + b++;
}
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
a=2; b=1;
a = ++b + a++;
b= b + ++a - ++b;
cout<<a<<b;
getch();
b = a-- + a-- + ++b + b;
cout<<a++<<b++;
cout<<a<<b;
getch();
16. Transform Expression into C++ Format
Mathematics Operator in C++ Example
+ + 2+4 =6
- - 4-2 = 2
X * 2*3 =6
/ 4/2 = 2
% (Percentage) % (Remaining) 10%2 = 0
32 3*3 or 3^3 or Power (3,2) 2^3 = 8
Sqrt (9) Sqrt (9) = 3
17. Transform Expression into C++ Format
Mathematics C++ Format
2+3+4 2+3+4
2-6-5 2-6-5
2X3 2*3
4/2
4%2 4%2
32 3*3
Sqrt (9)
18. Transform Expression into C++ Format
Mathematics Exp C++ Exp
2*3+4*10/2
3X6-33+7 3*6-(3*3*3)+7
32 Power (3,2)
3*5-Sqrt (9) + (3^2)
19. Transform Expression into C++ Program
Mathematics C++
2*3+4*10/2
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ( ) {
int a,b,c,d,e, ans;
a=2; b=3; c=4; d=10; e=2;
ans= a*b+c*d/e;
cout<<“answer=“<<ans;
getch(); }
20. Transform Expression into C++ Program
Mathematics C++
3X6-33+7 3*6-(3*3*3)+7
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ( ) {
int a,b,c,d,e, ans;
a=3; b=6; c=7;
exp= a*b-(a*a*a)+c;
cout<<“answer=“<<exp;
getch(); }
21. Transform Expression into C++ Program
Mathematics C++
3*5-Sqrt (9) + (3^2)
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main ( ) {
int a,b,c,d,e, ans;
a=3; b=5; c=9; d=3; e=2;
exp= a*b-sqrt(c)+ (d^2);
cout<<“answer=“<<exp;
getch(); }
