The document discusses the role of interpreters in antiquity. Interpreters established relationships between different linguistic communities, especially in regards to trade. They translated holy books and worked to serve as negotiators in wars. The most celebrated interpreters could speak over 20 languages and played an important role in administration. Interpreters were needed during religious services to translate between languages.

2.  From the fourth century BC onwards, we find
incresingly clear differentiation between groups of
people in the Eastern Mediterranean area.
 In Antiquity as in other eras, interligual behavior was
determined by the specific situation and, within it, by
individual human decisions.

3.  Dominant civilization
 Foreign races were considered wretched barbarians.
 They have treats with: Asiatics, Libyans and Nubians.
 The interpreter established relationships with other
linguistic community (trade).
 Harkhuf first interpreter, live in Elefantina.

4. Interpreter
Dragomans
Supervisor of
targumms
Targumms
Called: the
speaker of
strange tongues
Translated holy
books
Trucheman
Worked in
trade
Divides in

5.  Civilization that had dealings with the Roman Empire
and the Egyptians.
 They thougt their own language was a human being.
 The interpreter established relationships with other
people in wars and serve as negotiators.
 They were called Hermians.
 Within the most celebrated was Temistocles, who
spoke persian and miritita as well as twenty two
languagues.
 The fundamental roll was in administration.

6.  Clemens of Alexandria, declared that God had no need
of an interpreter in order to express His will.
 Linguistic mediators were required at religious
services.
 Epiphanius , refers to the exorcists and interpreters
from one to the other language, sandwiched between
lectors and undertakers.