1. The document provides background information on early Greek civilization, including important places like Mycenae and Crete, and people like King Agamemnon. 2. Geography divided the Greeks, with mountains and seas separating city-states. The Minoan civilization may have fallen due to earthquakes and tsunamis or conquest by the Mycenaeans. 3. After the collapse of Mycenaean civilization around 1100 BCE, Greece entered a "Dark Age" characterized by population shifts, lost knowledge of writing, and a simpler lifestyle.

1. Chapter 4 Section 1 The Early Greeks

2. People Agamemnon- Mycenaean king who won the Trojan War Dorians- Greek-speaking people who lived in the northern mountains of Greece; brought iron weapons with them

3. Places Mediterranean Sea largest sea located between the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia; it served as a trade route for the Greeks Crete An island southeast of the Greek mainland and location of the ancient Minoan civilization

4. Places Mycenae ancient city in Greece, home of one of the first civilizations of Greece Peloponnesus southern peninsula of Greece; Sparta is located on this peninsula

5. Define Peninsula body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides Colonies a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland Polis Greek city-state, or the town and the surrounding countryside

6. Define Agora open area or marketplace Citizen members of a political community who treat each other as equals and who have rights and responsibilities Hoplite ordinary citizens who served as soldiers

7. Define Acropolis fortified area, usually at the top of a hill that provided a safe refuge in case of attacks

8. 1. How did the geography discourage Greek unity? Mountains and seas divided them from one another.

9. 2. What were some explanations about the fall of the Minoans. Undersea earthquakes caused giant waves that washed the civilization away The cities were destroyed by the Mycenaeans

10. 3. What was the Dark Age? What changes took place in Greece during this time? The years between 1100 and 750 BCE, after the Mycenaean civilization collapsed. People forgot how to read and write and the population shifted and moved to different areas.

11. How did new colonies affect industry in Greece? The growth of colonies allowed for more trade, leading to more specialization. (I.e., areas w/ large amounts of clay specialized in pottery.)

12. List the requirements needed to be a citizen of Greece Free Native-born Male (land-owning in some city-states)

13. How did citizenship make the Greeks different from other ancient peoples? Other peoples had no rights, no say in government, and no choice but to obey their rulers.

14. Why did the use of money help trade to grow? Rather than needing other goods in order to trade, you only needed currency, which was more portable than carrying other goods. ( Imagine having to carry around wheat bushels or sheep when you went to the market to use as trade items for clothing you wanted!)