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Profa. María Zoraida González H.
La Cognición
entre el Inglés y
Castellano
1. A cognate is a word that comes from the same origin as a
word from a different language.
2. Cognates between languages usually have similarities in
spelling, pronunciation, and meaning.
3. This means that someone who speaks Spanish and knows
the word ''doctor'' would be able to understand the meaning
of the French word ''docteur'‘ or English “doctor” even if
they're completely unfamiliar with French or English.
4. This lesson will explain why cognates exist, some examples of
them, and how they can be helpful in understanding a variety
of words.
What Is a Cognate?
Origins & Etymologies
English is a unique language because of the
large amount of cognates it has with a wide
variety of languages. English is part of the
Germanic branch of Indo-European languages,
but it has also borrowed many words, prefixes
(letters or letter groupings that come at the
beginning of a word), and suffixes (letters or
letter groupings that come at the end of a
word) from other languages. One of the most
prominent languages it's borrowed from is
Latin, which is why English has many
cognates with Spanish, French, and Italian,
since these are all in the Italic language branch
along with Latin.
Examples of false
cognates words in Spanish?
In these examples, you are going to find the most common
ones to help you avoid confusing them.
o The first one is the word rope which is very similar to the
Spanish word “ropa”.
o This word tends to be confused at the beginner levels
due to the fact that there is only a change in the last
vowel.
o The definition of the word rope is a very strong thick
string and the corresponding word for “ropa” in English is
clothes which is not similar at all to the Spanish word.
o Another interesting false cognates is embarrassed which
is confused with the Spanish word “embarazada”. If you
don’t know what the meaning of embarrassed is and you
see it in a sentence like “I am embarrassed” you will
probably think you are right by thinking that it means
“embarazada” in Spanish.
o However if the text where you read the sentence is
talking about a man, you will understand that it does not
mean that. That is why the context is so important. The
meaning of embarrassed is “apenado/a”. The correct
word in English for “embarazada” is pregnant.
False cognates are pairs of words in the
same or different languages that are
similar in form and meaning but have
different roots. That is, they appear to
be, or are sometimes considered,
cognates, when in fact they are not.
This is different from a false friend,
which is where the words in fact have
similar roots but have diverged in
meaning. Even if false cognates lack a
common root, there may still be an
indirect connection between them, and
in any case they can still be helpful in
learning another language
False cognates words
EXAMPLES
SPANISH-ENGLISH ENGLISH SPANISH
01. actual (current, present-day) actual (real, efectivo)
02. asistir (to attend or assist) asist (ayudar)
03. atender (to pay attention) attend (asistir)
04. carpeta (folder) carpet (alfombra)
05. colegio (high school) college (universidad)
06. constipado (a cold) constipated (estreñido)
07. desgracia (mistake, misfortune) disgrace (vergüenza)
08. disgusto (annoyance, worry) disgust (asco, repugnancia)
09. embarazada (pregnant) embarrassed (avergonzada)
10. éxito (success, hit) exit (salida)
11. introducir (insert) introduce (presentar)
12. largo (long) large (grande)
13. lectura (reading) lecture (conferencia)
14. librería (bookstore) library (biblioteca)
15. sensible (sensetive) sensible (sensato)
16. sopa (soup) soap (jabón)
17. soportar (tolerate, put up with) support (apoyar)
18. suceso (event) success (éxito)
19. últimamente (recently, lately) ultimately (al final)
20. vaso (drinking glass) vase (jarrón, florero)
CONCLUSION
COGNATE WORDS
They are words different
languages that have similar
spelling and meaning
FALSE COGNATE
There are some words in English that
look lioke words you know in Spanish,
but they actually mean something
completely different.m These are
knows as “False cognates”, or more
commoonly as “False friends”

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La cognición tema 1 ( cognate and false cognate words)

  • 1. Profa. María Zoraida González H. La Cognición entre el Inglés y Castellano
  • 2. 1. A cognate is a word that comes from the same origin as a word from a different language. 2. Cognates between languages usually have similarities in spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. 3. This means that someone who speaks Spanish and knows the word ''doctor'' would be able to understand the meaning of the French word ''docteur'‘ or English “doctor” even if they're completely unfamiliar with French or English. 4. This lesson will explain why cognates exist, some examples of them, and how they can be helpful in understanding a variety of words. What Is a Cognate?
  • 3. Origins & Etymologies English is a unique language because of the large amount of cognates it has with a wide variety of languages. English is part of the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages, but it has also borrowed many words, prefixes (letters or letter groupings that come at the beginning of a word), and suffixes (letters or letter groupings that come at the end of a word) from other languages. One of the most prominent languages it's borrowed from is Latin, which is why English has many cognates with Spanish, French, and Italian, since these are all in the Italic language branch along with Latin.
  • 4. Examples of false cognates words in Spanish? In these examples, you are going to find the most common ones to help you avoid confusing them. o The first one is the word rope which is very similar to the Spanish word “ropa”. o This word tends to be confused at the beginner levels due to the fact that there is only a change in the last vowel. o The definition of the word rope is a very strong thick string and the corresponding word for “ropa” in English is clothes which is not similar at all to the Spanish word. o Another interesting false cognates is embarrassed which is confused with the Spanish word “embarazada”. If you don’t know what the meaning of embarrassed is and you see it in a sentence like “I am embarrassed” you will probably think you are right by thinking that it means “embarazada” in Spanish. o However if the text where you read the sentence is talking about a man, you will understand that it does not mean that. That is why the context is so important. The meaning of embarrassed is “apenado/a”. The correct word in English for “embarazada” is pregnant.
  • 5. False cognates are pairs of words in the same or different languages that are similar in form and meaning but have different roots. That is, they appear to be, or are sometimes considered, cognates, when in fact they are not. This is different from a false friend, which is where the words in fact have similar roots but have diverged in meaning. Even if false cognates lack a common root, there may still be an indirect connection between them, and in any case they can still be helpful in learning another language False cognates words
  • 6. EXAMPLES SPANISH-ENGLISH ENGLISH SPANISH 01. actual (current, present-day) actual (real, efectivo) 02. asistir (to attend or assist) asist (ayudar) 03. atender (to pay attention) attend (asistir) 04. carpeta (folder) carpet (alfombra) 05. colegio (high school) college (universidad) 06. constipado (a cold) constipated (estreñido) 07. desgracia (mistake, misfortune) disgrace (vergüenza) 08. disgusto (annoyance, worry) disgust (asco, repugnancia) 09. embarazada (pregnant) embarrassed (avergonzada) 10. éxito (success, hit) exit (salida) 11. introducir (insert) introduce (presentar) 12. largo (long) large (grande) 13. lectura (reading) lecture (conferencia) 14. librería (bookstore) library (biblioteca) 15. sensible (sensetive) sensible (sensato) 16. sopa (soup) soap (jabón) 17. soportar (tolerate, put up with) support (apoyar) 18. suceso (event) success (éxito) 19. últimamente (recently, lately) ultimately (al final) 20. vaso (drinking glass) vase (jarrón, florero)
  • 7. CONCLUSION COGNATE WORDS They are words different languages that have similar spelling and meaning FALSE COGNATE There are some words in English that look lioke words you know in Spanish, but they actually mean something completely different.m These are knows as “False cognates”, or more commoonly as “False friends”