The document discusses Spanish-English cognates and provides rules and examples to help identify them. Some key cognate patterns highlighted include: - Spanish words ending in -a, -o or -e often have equivalent English words by dropping the last vowel. - Words ending in -ary in English often end in -ario in Spanish. - English words ending in -ic usually add an -o in Spanish. - Many examples of cognates ending in other common suffixes like -tion, -ty, -ly and -al are also provided. Learning cognates can help boost Spanish vocabulary through connections to existing English word knowledge.

1. Cognates
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– English cognates to help
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3. You can learn Spanish cognates by learning a few
simple rules and applying them to your existing
knowledge of English. In this way you can quickly
expand your Spanish vocabulary.
Spanish is a language that evolved from
Latin over the last two thousand years.
English, although it is not as closely related
to Latin as Spanish, takes thousands of
Latin words, many of them the same words
that Spanish uses. In addition, both
languages have borrowed many words from
Classical Greek. This results in thousands
of cognates between English and Spanish.

4. Let’s try some out........
Spanish words that end in -a, -o or -e very often
have an equivalent in English. Simply drop or change
the last vowel.
causa drama creativo
figura aire líquido
favorito
caso forma guitarra
lista
credito dieta
mapa
lista costo
persona medicina

5. Words that end in -ary in English very
often have a Spanish cognate that ends in
-ario
diccionario disciplinario
literario aniversario
ordinario
necesario
vocabulario
salario itinerario

6. English words that end in -ic usually have a
Spanish cognate that simply adds an -o.
democrático didáctico
sarcástico
fantástico
lunático
escolástico
linguístico Atlántico
romántico
automático
patriótico
optimístico
fanático gimnástico

7. Like the previous category, English words that
end in -ical have a Spanish cognate that ends in
-ico.
periódico (newspaper,periodical)
cómico
clásico
metódico histérico
práctico
técnico político
físico
sicológico (psychological) eléctrico

8. English words that end in -ent often have a cognate in
Spanish that ends in -ente. These words are usually
adjectives.
agente inteligente
indiferente
suficiente
diferente equivalente
potente
cliente patente
Words that end in -ment in English have equivalents in
Spanish that simply add an -o. These words are nouns.
sacramento testamento
suplemento
sentimiento (sentiment)
argumento
argumento

9. English words that end in -or often have a Spanish
cognate that is identical.
doctor motor
actor profesor
florista director
error
color humor
autor (author)
English words that end in -ist often have a Spanish
cognate.
pianista
artista recepcionista
moralista
turista

10. There are many Spanish cognates that end in -cion. The
equivalent English word ends in -tion. Note that all of
these words have the stress on the final syllable. Also, all
of these words are feminine in gender
Words that in in -dad are quite common in Spanish. They
usually correspond to an English word that ends in -ty. All
of these words are feminine in gender
English words that end in -ence or -ance often have a
Spanish cognate that ends in -encia or -ancia
English words that end in -ent often have a
cognate in Spanish that ends in -ente. These
words are usually adjectives.
Some English words that end in -ous have a Spanish
cognate that ends in -oso.

11. There are many Spanish cognates that end in -ción. The equivalent English word ends in
-tion. Note that all of these words have the stress on the final syllable. Also, all of these
words are feminine in gender.
acción degeneración
administración descripción
admiración eliminación
animación experimentación
aplicación información
asociación investigación
atención organización
celebración representación
combinación transformación
concentración transportación
contaminación vegetación
creación vocación

12. words that end in- mente (as opposed to just -ente).
They usually have an English cognate that ends in -ly.
These are adverbs.
Words that end in -al in both English and Spanish
are often cognates
-ant (or sometimes -ent)words in English
sometimes end in -ante in Spanish.