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On water in India
This document discusses water issues and management in India. It notes that while India has large total water resources, availability and access are uneven both temporally and spatially. Population growth and increasing demand from agriculture, industry and domestic sectors are exacerbating water stress. Groundwater overexploitation is a major problem, with over 30 million wells. The document calls for more sustainable and equitable water management based on principles of social and environmental responsibility. It proposes a framework where industries view themselves as part of the broader water ecosystem and engage in sustainable practices both within and outside their facilities.
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On water in India
- 1. Water in India2030 Issues, Challenges, Management A RESPONSIBLE USE FRAMEWORK Shubha Ramachandran - S.Vishwanath
- 2. Dry Cauvery cutsTNPL Production - The Hindu, June 2 , 2013 • With the Cauvery going dry , the TNPL on Saturday suspended operation of two of the three huge paper-making machines at its Kagithapuram facility in Karur.
- 3. The talk 1. Whowe are and a Broad over-view 2. National Water Policy 3. Groundwater and its importance 4. Water and Industries 5. Responsible water use framework
- 4. Reference • National WaterPolicy • Karnataka State Water Policy • John Briscoe – India’s turbulent water future • Ramaseshan – Ground Water • ‘From Hariyali to Neeranchal’ –Report of the Tech. Cmt. On Watershed Prog. In India
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- 7. Total Water • Endowment: 4000 billion cu. mt. • Availability : 1953 b.c.m • Utilizable : 1086 b.c.m • Surface : 690 b.c.m • Ground : 396 b.c.m
- 8. Water a statesubject • In India Water is a state subject under Entry 56 of List 1 of the constitution with legislation and administration substantially framed within state boundaries
- 10. The Dublin Principles •Principle No. 1 - Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment Since water sustains life, effective management of water resources demands a holistic approach, linking social and economic development with protection of natural ecosystems. Effective management links land and water uses across the whole of a catchment area or groundwater aquifer.
- 11. • Principle No.2 - Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy- makers at all levels The participatory approach involves raising awareness of the importance of water among policy- makers and the general public. It means that decisions are taken at the lowest appropriate level, with full public consultation and involvement of users in the planning and implementation of water projects.
- 12. • Principle No.3 - Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water This pivotal role of women as providers and users of water and guardians of the living environment has seldom been reflected in institutional arrangements for the development and management of water resources. Acceptance and implementation of this principle requires positive policies to address women?s specific needs and to equip and empower women to participate at all levels in water resources programmes, including decision-making and implementation, in ways defined by them.
- 13. • Principle No.4 - Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good Within this principle, it is vital to recognize first the basic right of all human beings to have access to clean water and sanitation at an affordable price. Past failure to recognize the economic value of water has led to wasteful and environmentally damaging uses of the resource. Managing water as an economic good is an important way of achieving efficient and equitable use, and of encouraging conservation and protection of water resources.
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- 16. Rainfall Temporal Variation 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Winter(Jan-Feb) Pre Monsoon (Mar-May) Monsoon (Jun- Sept) Post monsoon (Oct-Dec) Rainfall Season Rainfallinmm Rainfall in mm
- 17. Water Availability 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Total PrecipitationTotal Water Availability Total Utilisable Water QuantityinBillionCubicMeter Quantity in Billion Cubic Meter
- 18. Per Capita Availability 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 19511991 2001 2025 2050 WaterAvailability(CubicMeterPer Capitaperyear) Water Availability (Cubic Meter Per Capita per year) Water Stress Line (1800 m3 ) Water Scarcity Line (1000 m3 )
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- 20. Per Capita Storage 6103 3145 1964 1111 753 262 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 RussiaBrazil USA China South Africa India PerCapitaStorage(cubic metre) Per Capita Storage( cubic metre )
- 21. Water Demand 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2010 20252050 TotalAnticipatedDemand(In billioncubicmetre) Total Anticipated Demand(In billion cubic metre)
- 22. Water Demand (with improvedmanagement practices) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 2010 2025 2050 TotalAnticipatedDemand(In billioncubicmetre) Total Anticipated Demand (In billion cubic metre)
- 23. Demands of VariousSectors (in %) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1997 2010 2025 2050 Evaporation Losses Environment (Ecology) Inland Navigation Power Industries Domestic Irrigation
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- 25. According to JohnBriscoe • 1. The era of large investment in water infrastructure for storage is over • 2. The era of groundwater exploitation
- 26. Groundwater • India hasthe single largest exploitation of groundwater in the world with over 30 million wells and bore-wells • 65 % of the net irrigated land gets water from bore-wells • 85 % of rural habitations depend on groundwater
- 27. The well hasbeen the lifeline of water in India for centuries
- 28. A good waterharvesting system will revive the dynamic water table and keep the wells full
- 29. Traditional water withdrawalsystems like the Sakia can be revived
- 34. Indian Context: The“looming” crisis is here Nation-wide 29% of the blocks are critical, semi-critical or over-exploited In some states as high as 75%
- 35. Emerging Findings: froma world bank study Developing a Responsive Physical Framework: • Local physical and resource use realities have tremendous variation across the country • Hard-Rock aquifers low storage, low yields, fast recharge In Maharashtra, storage 1-5X annual recharge • Alluvial aquifers high storage, high yields, slow recharge In eastern UP storage 200-500X annual recharge
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- 38. Sustainability Lens • Social • T echnical • I nstitutional • F inancial • L egal • E cological
- 39. Irrigation • Agriculture continuesto be the largest ‘consumer’ of water
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- 41. Some key issues •Closed basins , competition between agriculture and industry. • Lowest priority in use domestic, agriculture and then industry. • Royalty for water tends to be low hence low payback for water conservation or reuse • Zero discharge of waste-water in place
- 42. More key issues •Groundwater / surface water interface less understood. Mapping aquifers and managing aquifers important. • Many solutions are optimal at a sub-basin level , the challenge is to build partnerships. • Rainfall variability will impact both surface and groundwater availability. • Limits to growth ? How far can technology find solutions ?
- 43. Response • Water useefficiency • Rainwater harvesting – storage /recharge • Wastewater recycling • Water conservation • Demand management • Is this enough ?
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- 45. Vision for aCorporate ECOSYSTEM Natural (Surface, ground water resources, rain) Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water) Market (Water and Sanitation markets)
- 46. Vision ECOSYSTEM Natural (Surface, groundwater resources) Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water) Market (Water and Sanitation markets) BOSCH
- 47. Vision ECOSYSTEM Natural (Surface, groundwater resources) Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water) Market (Water and Sanitation markets) BOSCH In the Fence : Sustainable Water Mgmt Responsibility of resource use Leadership by example Culture of water literacy Transparency Business Risk and continuity
- 48. Vision ECOSYSTEM Natural (Surface, groundwater resources) Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water) Market (Water and Sanitation markets) BOSCH In the Fence : Sustainable Water Mgmt Responsibility of resource use Leadership by example Culture of water literacy Transparency Business Risk and continuity Outside the Fence : Equity, Economy, Environment “Model Behaviour”, leader to emulate Contribution to knowledge in public sphere Respect for Private & public roles Engagement with public policy
- 49. Vision ECOSYSTEM Natural (Surface, groundwater resources) Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water) Market (Water and Sanitation markets) BOSCH In the Fence : Sustainable Water Mgmt Responsibility of resource use Leadership by example Culture of water literacy Transparency Business Risk and continuity Outside the Fence : Equity, Economy, Environment “Model Behaviour”, leader to emulate Contribution to knowledge in public sphere Respect for Private & public roles Engagement with public policy
- 50. What makes thisprogram Unique ? ● Works with an understanding of “ecological endowment” ●Pays adequate attention to “groundwater sheds” & knowledge ●Attempts to engage with Public Policy not through “Lobbying” but “Participation” ● Not solely driven by concerns of business continuity and risks and not 'project' focussed
- 51. BOSCH – InCampus WIPRO
- 52. External Water Sources– Off Campus WIPRO Water Sources
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- 54. City - Context City– BangaloreWIPRO Water Sources Immediate Neighbourhood
- 56. Biome Environmental Trust (RainwaterClub) rainwaterclub@gmail.com www.rainwaterclub.org 1022, 1st floor, 6th Block, HMT Layout, Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore – 560 097, Phone : 080 41672790 THANK YOU