L K ANATHA KRISHNA IYER
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LK Anathakrishna Iyer was a pioneering Indian anthropologist who conducted some of the earliest ethnographic surveys in India in the early 20th century. He faced many challenges as anthropology was an undeveloped field in India at the time. Iyer conducted extensive surveys of the tribes and castes of Cochin and Mysore, publishing his findings in numerous volumes. He is regarded as the founder of field studies in Indian anthropology due to his innovative methods of directly interviewing subjects instead of relying on questionnaires. Iyer's work helped establish anthropology as a respected field in India.
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India has made many significant contributions to the world in various fields throughout history according to the documents. Some of the key contributions mentioned are: India established the world's first university in Takshila in 700BC where over 10,500 students studied; the value of pi was first calculated by an Indian mathematician Budhayana; Ayurveda is the earliest known school of medicine which was consolidated by Charaka; and yoga originated in ancient India.
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L K ANATHA KRISHNA IYER
- 3. Introduction When Anathakrishna Iyer entered the field of Anthropology, it was undeveloped in India. He must have been very brave to start a career of Anthropology in those days. Anathakrishna became a legend to the subsequent generation of anthropologist. Anthropology was jokingly referred to as Ananthropology .
- 4. Early life… Graduated with BA from MCC in 1883. 1st Worked As Clerk In Revenue Settlement Office At Wyanad. Joined As A Science Teacher at Victoria College, Palghat . Became Head Master Of A School At Changanacherry After Graduated In L.T.
- 6. Entry Into Ethnography He Was Appointed As Science Asst In Maharaja’s College. In 1902 given Honorary Job , in an Ethnographic Survey Of The State Of Cochin. Iyer was Chosen President Of The Ethnology Section at the 1st Meeting Of Indian Science Congress, Calcutta. He Delivered Several Lectures on Ethnology In Madras Uni.
- 7. In 1914 he was appointed by Dewan as Curator of the state Museum and superintendent of Zoological gardens at Trichur. Appointed as Lecture in Anthropology and Ancient Indian History and Culture in Calcutta Uni in 1920. In 1924 Maharaja of Mysore Invited him to undertake an Ethnographic Survey Of Mysore. In his last years he embarked on an Ethnological Study of Coorg.
- 8. Cochin survey of LK Iyer
- 9. kadars tribes of Cochin
- 10. Soon After 1901 Census, Sir H.H.Risely started Ethnographic Survey of India Cochin Durbar Appointed Iyer as Superintendent of Ethnography of Cochin State. He held in that position from 1902—1924. Cochin Tribes and Caste Was Published in 12 volumes.
- 13. In 1903 the survey was started under Dewan Bahdur Nanjindeyya as superintendent of ethnography. He died in the middle of the survey. The survey was handed to Iyer on 7th august 1924. He had been given, printed monographs of 34 tribes he revised them all. Some notes about other 50 tribes were written in pencil,so he made a fresh investigation. Four volumes of Mysore Tribes and Castes were published.
- 14. Photos by IYER
- 15. ANANTHOPOLOGY IYER preferred scientific rationality from administrative rationality. When he entered in to this field he had many constraints. IYER had to adapt to the conceptual grid dictated by H.H.RISELY ,Commissioner of 1901 census. 27 point format was made by H.H.REISELY, but IYER simplified it into 14.
- 16. The simplified 14 points which covered--> origin and tradition of community, internal structure, marriage , customs, inheritance, religion, occupation, life cycle ceremonies, dress, ornaments ,ect . IYER did’nt followed the usual method of data collection . Those are questionaires to local gov officers and the Anthropometric measurement. He refused to follow RISLEY’s method of enquiry and Anthropometric measurement.
- 18. In both Cochin and Mysore survey he visited villages and interviewed people himself. He took photos of them with is own stand plate camera. American Anthropologist congratulated him, for his decision to ignore Anthropometric measurement.
- 19. Works of LK A IYER
- 20. His Pride He received an honorary Doctorate degree from University of Breslau. In India he was given Rao Bahadur in 1921 and Dewan Bahadur in 1935. He was also regarded as the founder of field studies in Indian anthropology. After his retirement in 1933, he visited Florence, Rome, Paris, Munich, Berlin, Cambridge, Vienna and other places in Europe, presenting a series of lectures on Indian Ethnology.
- 21. Reference Anthropology in the East edited by Patricia uberoi,Nandini sundar, Sathish deshpande. HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN INDIA Dr. Abhik Ghosh Senior Lecturer, Department of Anthropology Punjab University, Chandigarh. Mysore tribes and caste , LK A IYER.