The document discusses the controversy surrounding global warming, highlighting both natural and man-made causes, particularly emissions of greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane. It references a 2007 IPCC report suggesting a 90% likelihood that human activity contributes to global warming, and emphasizes that ignoring this issue could lead to significant economic losses. A proposed statistical approach suggests that reducing greenhouse gas emissions could limit the costs associated with climate change.

1. CONTROVERSY
Presented by Group 3.6
KMEM2163
Critical Thinking

2. WHAT??
• Average increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere.
• Causes:
• Natural phenomenon
– Cycle of climate change
• Man-made pollution
– man-made greenhouse gases, dominantly characterized by
carbon dioxide (CO2) content

3. What is greenhouse effect?

4. How it works

5. Shrinking glaciers Rising Sea Level
Storm and Flood
Diseases Destruction of
Ecosystem
Heat Waves!!

6. Root cause of Global Warming
• The perspective of man-made pollution:
– Pollution - produce greenhouse gas
• Burning fossil fuels
– industrialization, technology advancements, and increased population
• Deforestation
• Methane
– emissions from landfills, livestock, rice farming (which uses methane-
emitting bacteria), septic processes, and fertilizers.
• Chlorofluorocarbons
– used in refrigeration, cooling and manufacturing applications.

7. Statistic

9. Global Warming Controversy
“Global warming was very likely (90 per cent) to
have been caused by humans.” - 2007 IPCC report
Deniers
has 10%.

11. Current CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere
today are around 390ppm, or about 0.039%.
IF … 800ppm

12. Assumption on the Domination of
Strong Positive Feedback

13. Constant Ocean Heat Content
• The new ARGO floating temperature stations
have measured little or no increase in ocean
heat content since they were put in service in
2003

14. Global Average Temperature - IPCC

15. Measurement Technology Bias
• Improvements in our ability to accurately
count or measure a phenomenon is mistaken
for a real underlying change in the frequency
of the phenomenon.
• The count of annual tornadoes appears to
have increased over the last fifty years, but
this increase is almost entirely due to Doppler
radar and other technologies identifying
previously unrecognized twisters.

16. Misrepresentation of Fact
• Individual extreme weather events are
pointed to as proof of climate shifts, even
when summary statistics show no such thing
Count of hurricane
frequency and total
energy decreasing to
near all-time lows.

17. Proposed Solution – A Statistical
Approach
Accept, Reject or Do-Nothing Approach?

18. • “if we don’t act, the overall costs and risks of
climate change will be equivalent to losing at
least 5% of global GDP each year. In contrast,
the costs of action in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions to avoid the worst impacts of
climate change can be limited to around 1%
of global GDP each year.” – Dr. Peter Tsigaris of
Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, BC, Canada