AutoCAD 2011 is a software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting developed and sold by Autodesk. The document provides an overview of the key terms and functions in AutoCAD including how to start the program, set up the drawing environment, use basic drawing and modification commands, dimension, hatch, select objects, and plot drawings. It also reviews various tools and functions like layers, lineweights, and multiple drawing environments.
The document provides an overview of the basics of using AutoCAD software. It describes key areas of the AutoCAD interface such as the command line, drawing area, status bar and toolbars. It also outlines how to set up a drawing by defining units, limits and grid/snap settings. Basic drawing commands like lines, circles and modifying objects are explained. The document concludes with information on layers, dimensions, hatching, selecting objects and plotting a drawing.
Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) involves preparing drawings on a computer screen. CAD allows designers to conceptualize ideas, easily modify designs, add animations, perform calculations, and add colors/fonts. The interactive computer graphics used in modern CAD systems allow images to be constructed from basic geometric elements and transformed as needed. Key benefits of CAD include improved productivity, shorter preparation times, reduced errors, and the ability to more easily accommodate design changes. AutoCAD is commonly used and provides a drawing area and tools to create drawings using lines, curves, text, and other elements.
This document provides a 3-page summary of a 6-week training course on AutoCAD 2D and 3D modeling software. It includes an introduction to AutoCAD and descriptions of the graphical user interface, common commands like line, circle, and erase, and exercises in 2D and 3D modeling. The summary describes the key components of the AutoCAD interface and how to use basic drawing and editing tools.
The document provides an overview of the AutoCAD interface and various drawing and editing commands in AutoCAD. It describes the main components of the AutoCAD interface and provides tutorials for drawing basic shapes and objects using commands like line, polygon, rectangle, circle, and ellipse. It also covers editing commands and how to enter coordinates and use osnap tools for accurate drawing.
The document is a presentation on basic AutoCAD tools that includes sections on drawing tools, modify tools, layers and dimensions, 3D modeling, and various drawing, editing, and modeling commands in AutoCAD like extrude, revolve, loft, and sweep. It provides information on and examples of tools like lines, circles, offset, trim, chamfer, fillet, dimensions, coordinate systems, and creating 3D objects from 2D profiles. The presentation contains 38 slides with descriptions and illustrations of key AutoCAD concepts and functions.
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) software application used by engineers, architects, and other professionals for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It was first released in 1982 and is developed and sold by Autodesk. AutoCAD allows users to create precise 2D and 3D drawings electronically. It uses Cartesian coordinates to locate points and features tools for drawing, editing, managing layers, setting properties, and printing or saving designs. Common commands in AutoCAD include line, circle, rectangle, arc, erase, copy, move, mirror, rotate, and offset.
The document provides an overview of a six-week industrial training project on AutoCAD. It discusses the latest version of AutoCAD, the AutoCAD interface and screen, coordinate systems, toolbars, 2D and 3D commands, modeling, and benefits of using AutoCAD. The training was completed at Hi Tech Point Technologies and covered topics like dimensions, blocks, isometric views, and examples of drawings created during the course using various AutoCAD tools and commands.
Autocad designing demo for freshers.
ANY ENGINEERING GRADUATE IN MECHANICAL DISCIPLINE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT AUTOCAD AND ITS USE THEN IT WILL BE HELPFUL FOR HIM/HER
The document provides an overview of the basics of using AutoCAD software. It describes key areas of the AutoCAD interface such as the command line, drawing area, status bar and toolbars. It also outlines how to set up a drawing by defining units, limits and grid/snap settings. Basic drawing commands like lines, circles and modifying objects are explained. The document concludes with information on layers, dimensions, hatching, selecting objects and plotting a drawing.
Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) involves preparing drawings on a computer screen. CAD allows designers to conceptualize ideas, easily modify designs, add animations, perform calculations, and add colors/fonts. The interactive computer graphics used in modern CAD systems allow images to be constructed from basic geometric elements and transformed as needed. Key benefits of CAD include improved productivity, shorter preparation times, reduced errors, and the ability to more easily accommodate design changes. AutoCAD is commonly used and provides a drawing area and tools to create drawings using lines, curves, text, and other elements.
This document provides a 3-page summary of a 6-week training course on AutoCAD 2D and 3D modeling software. It includes an introduction to AutoCAD and descriptions of the graphical user interface, common commands like line, circle, and erase, and exercises in 2D and 3D modeling. The summary describes the key components of the AutoCAD interface and how to use basic drawing and editing tools.
The document provides an overview of the AutoCAD interface and various drawing and editing commands in AutoCAD. It describes the main components of the AutoCAD interface and provides tutorials for drawing basic shapes and objects using commands like line, polygon, rectangle, circle, and ellipse. It also covers editing commands and how to enter coordinates and use osnap tools for accurate drawing.
The document is a presentation on basic AutoCAD tools that includes sections on drawing tools, modify tools, layers and dimensions, 3D modeling, and various drawing, editing, and modeling commands in AutoCAD like extrude, revolve, loft, and sweep. It provides information on and examples of tools like lines, circles, offset, trim, chamfer, fillet, dimensions, coordinate systems, and creating 3D objects from 2D profiles. The presentation contains 38 slides with descriptions and illustrations of key AutoCAD concepts and functions.
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) software application used by engineers, architects, and other professionals for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It was first released in 1982 and is developed and sold by Autodesk. AutoCAD allows users to create precise 2D and 3D drawings electronically. It uses Cartesian coordinates to locate points and features tools for drawing, editing, managing layers, setting properties, and printing or saving designs. Common commands in AutoCAD include line, circle, rectangle, arc, erase, copy, move, mirror, rotate, and offset.
The document provides an overview of a six-week industrial training project on AutoCAD. It discusses the latest version of AutoCAD, the AutoCAD interface and screen, coordinate systems, toolbars, 2D and 3D commands, modeling, and benefits of using AutoCAD. The training was completed at Hi Tech Point Technologies and covered topics like dimensions, blocks, isometric views, and examples of drawings created during the course using various AutoCAD tools and commands.
Autocad designing demo for freshers.
ANY ENGINEERING GRADUATE IN MECHANICAL DISCIPLINE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT AUTOCAD AND ITS USE THEN IT WILL BE HELPFUL FOR HIM/HER
This document provides an overview of AutoCAD and introduces its main features and tools. It discusses how to install and open AutoCAD, describes the basic user interface including menus, toolbars and command line. It also explains how to construct and modify drawings using tools like lines, circles, text, hatches, and modify tools like move, copy, erase. Layers and common mistakes are also covered. Support resources are listed such as lecture notes, exercises and afternoon classes to help students learn AutoCAD.
ACT Academy provides training in web designing , Graphic Designing, CAD Designing, .NET, JAVA, PHP. We also have advance diploma courses in Web Designing, CAD Designing, Financial Accounting & Graphic Designing with 100% job assurance
Act Academy provides Industrial training in PHP, .Net, graphic designing, web designing and many more. Also provides diploma courses in CAD designing, Financial accounting with 100% job assurances.
ACT Academy provides training in web designing , Graphic Designing, CAD Designing, .NET, JAVA, PHP. We also have advance diploma courses in Web Designing, CAD Designing, Financial Accounting & Graphic Designing with 100% job assurance
This document provides an overview of customizing and creating CAD drawings in AutoCAD. It discusses setting up the drawing page by choosing a scale and units. It also covers orthographic constraints, different coordinate input methods for drawing lines and circles, and modifying existing lines. Dimensioning, layering, printing, and other CAD functions are explained. Examples of modeling parts and assemblies as well as drawing sectional views of objects are provided.
Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) involves using computer software to electronically prepare drawings of objects. CAD provides benefits like improved productivity, accuracy, and ability to easily modify designs. Common CAD software includes AutoCAD, which allows users to construct drawings using basic elements like points, lines, and circles. Commands are used to create objects, edit them, and perform other functions. CAD improves the design process.
This document provides an overview of the AutoCAD software, including:
- It describes AutoCAD as 2D and 3D computer-aided design software developed by Autodesk.
- The advantages of AutoCAD are listed as quickly creating designs, improved quality over hand drafting, easy modification and transfer of designs, and increased accuracy.
- Career options when using AutoCAD include drafting professional, 2D/3D plan developer, CAD engineer, and jobs in architecture and interior design.
- The basics of how AutoCAD works are explained, including its coordinate system, layers, commands for drawing different shapes, and setting drawing units.
This document provides an overview of the 3D modeling interface and tools in AutoCAD. It describes how to set up the 3D modeling workspace and viewports, visualize 3D models using techniques like hiding lines and adjusting visual styles, work with the z-axis and user coordinate system, and create basic 3D objects. The tutorial is divided into chapters that cover these essential 3D modeling concepts and commands.
http://www.actanimation.com
"ACT Academy provides training in web designing , Graphic Designing, CAD Designing, .NET, JAVA, PHP. We also have advance diploma courses in Web Designing, CAD Designing, Financial Accounting & Graphic Designing with 100% job assurance."
The document discusses AutoCAD 2021 and provides instructions for its use. It begins with an introduction to AutoCAD as 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk. It then covers AutoCAD's screen and interface, coordinate systems, toolbars, basic 2D commands, dimensions, 3D modeling commands like extrude and presspull, and benefits such as accurate drawing and easy editing. The document serves as a tutorial for using AutoCAD's various functions.
Using AutoCAD allows designers to quickly create drawings with a simple sketch. Drawings produced are consistent and mistakes can be minimized. AutoCAD improves productivity, efficiency, accuracy, quality of drawings and products, and minimizes storage space. Users can change the AutoCAD workspace and view drawings in 2D, 3D, or as animations.
AutoCAD is a popular CAD software used by engineers, architects, and designers for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It was first released in 1982 and is developed and sold by Autodesk. AutoCAD allows users to design technical drawings using tools for drawing lines, circles, arcs, and other shapes. It also has tools for editing, moving, copying, and dimensioning drawings. Key features include layers for organizing drawings, blocks for reusing design components, and support for 2D and 3D modeling. AutoCAD remains the most widely used CAD software due to its powerful tools and versatility across industries.
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) software application used for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It is developed and sold by Autodesk and was first released in 1982. AutoCAD is widely used by engineers, architects, and other professionals for design purposes. The document provides an overview of key AutoCAD concepts like the user interface, coordinate systems, drawing tools, layers, and common commands used for drawings. Important commands covered include line, circle, rectangle, move, copy, array, and dimensioning tools. Layers allow separating drawings into logical components for organization and printing.
This document provides instructions for using basic drawing tools in AutoCAD 2010, including:
- How to set up units and drawing limits for a new file
- How to use the LINE and CIRCLE commands to draw simple geometric shapes
- How to erase unwanted objects
- How to navigate and zoom in the drawing area
The goal is to learn fundamental 2D drawing skills like creating lines and circles that serve as the basic building blocks for technical designs in AutoCAD.
The document provides an overview of AutoCAD and its features for 2D and 3D computer-aided design. It discusses commands for drawing basic 2D shapes like lines and rectangles. It also covers more advanced topics such as object snaps, zooming and panning, editing objects, user coordinate systems, and drawing 3D solids and applying hatch patterns. A variety of tools and techniques are presented for working efficiently in AutoCAD.
AutoCAD is a CAD software used for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It allows users to quickly create designs, improve quality over hand drafting, customize the software to individual needs, and learn a marketable skill. The AutoCAD interface includes a workspace, pull down menus, toolbars, palettes, and dialog boxes to access commands. The workspace is the infinite drafting area where drawings are created.
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design software used widely around the world. It was first released in 1982 and has since seen 29 generations of updates. The software allows users to design in both 2D and 3D across industries like architecture, engineering, and construction. AutoCAD has various tools and commands to aid in tasks like drafting, 3D modeling, annotation, and sharing designs through tools like layouts and exporting to PDF. It also provides preset workspaces tailored for functions like 3D modeling versus 2D drafting. Users can customize settings, properties, and more to control how they design within the AutoCAD interface.
The document provides an introduction to AutoCAD, a computer-aided drafting software. It discusses that AutoCAD is commonly used for construction plans and detail drawings. It has tools that allow for quick changes to drawings if designs are modified. The document outlines topics like giving commands, zooming and panning, drawing 2D and 3D shapes, editing objects, and setting up different page sizes for drawings. It provides examples of how to draw basic objects like lines and rectangles in AutoCAD. It also discusses other tools for hatching, creating solids, using the user coordinate system, and keyboard shortcuts.
This document provides instructions for designing a 2D model using AutoCAD software. It lists the necessary software, hardware, and commands used. The procedure involves drawing individual part diagrams, adding dimensions, assembling the parts to form the desired model, and creating a bill of materials table to identify parts and quantities. The aim is to design a 2D model using AutoCAD.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
This document provides an overview of AutoCAD and introduces its main features and tools. It discusses how to install and open AutoCAD, describes the basic user interface including menus, toolbars and command line. It also explains how to construct and modify drawings using tools like lines, circles, text, hatches, and modify tools like move, copy, erase. Layers and common mistakes are also covered. Support resources are listed such as lecture notes, exercises and afternoon classes to help students learn AutoCAD.
ACT Academy provides training in web designing , Graphic Designing, CAD Designing, .NET, JAVA, PHP. We also have advance diploma courses in Web Designing, CAD Designing, Financial Accounting & Graphic Designing with 100% job assurance
Act Academy provides Industrial training in PHP, .Net, graphic designing, web designing and many more. Also provides diploma courses in CAD designing, Financial accounting with 100% job assurances.
ACT Academy provides training in web designing , Graphic Designing, CAD Designing, .NET, JAVA, PHP. We also have advance diploma courses in Web Designing, CAD Designing, Financial Accounting & Graphic Designing with 100% job assurance
This document provides an overview of customizing and creating CAD drawings in AutoCAD. It discusses setting up the drawing page by choosing a scale and units. It also covers orthographic constraints, different coordinate input methods for drawing lines and circles, and modifying existing lines. Dimensioning, layering, printing, and other CAD functions are explained. Examples of modeling parts and assemblies as well as drawing sectional views of objects are provided.
Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) involves using computer software to electronically prepare drawings of objects. CAD provides benefits like improved productivity, accuracy, and ability to easily modify designs. Common CAD software includes AutoCAD, which allows users to construct drawings using basic elements like points, lines, and circles. Commands are used to create objects, edit them, and perform other functions. CAD improves the design process.
This document provides an overview of the AutoCAD software, including:
- It describes AutoCAD as 2D and 3D computer-aided design software developed by Autodesk.
- The advantages of AutoCAD are listed as quickly creating designs, improved quality over hand drafting, easy modification and transfer of designs, and increased accuracy.
- Career options when using AutoCAD include drafting professional, 2D/3D plan developer, CAD engineer, and jobs in architecture and interior design.
- The basics of how AutoCAD works are explained, including its coordinate system, layers, commands for drawing different shapes, and setting drawing units.
This document provides an overview of the 3D modeling interface and tools in AutoCAD. It describes how to set up the 3D modeling workspace and viewports, visualize 3D models using techniques like hiding lines and adjusting visual styles, work with the z-axis and user coordinate system, and create basic 3D objects. The tutorial is divided into chapters that cover these essential 3D modeling concepts and commands.
http://www.actanimation.com
"ACT Academy provides training in web designing , Graphic Designing, CAD Designing, .NET, JAVA, PHP. We also have advance diploma courses in Web Designing, CAD Designing, Financial Accounting & Graphic Designing with 100% job assurance."
The document discusses AutoCAD 2021 and provides instructions for its use. It begins with an introduction to AutoCAD as 2D and 3D modeling software developed by Autodesk. It then covers AutoCAD's screen and interface, coordinate systems, toolbars, basic 2D commands, dimensions, 3D modeling commands like extrude and presspull, and benefits such as accurate drawing and easy editing. The document serves as a tutorial for using AutoCAD's various functions.
Using AutoCAD allows designers to quickly create drawings with a simple sketch. Drawings produced are consistent and mistakes can be minimized. AutoCAD improves productivity, efficiency, accuracy, quality of drawings and products, and minimizes storage space. Users can change the AutoCAD workspace and view drawings in 2D, 3D, or as animations.
AutoCAD is a popular CAD software used by engineers, architects, and designers for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It was first released in 1982 and is developed and sold by Autodesk. AutoCAD allows users to design technical drawings using tools for drawing lines, circles, arcs, and other shapes. It also has tools for editing, moving, copying, and dimensioning drawings. Key features include layers for organizing drawings, blocks for reusing design components, and support for 2D and 3D modeling. AutoCAD remains the most widely used CAD software due to its powerful tools and versatility across industries.
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) software application used for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It is developed and sold by Autodesk and was first released in 1982. AutoCAD is widely used by engineers, architects, and other professionals for design purposes. The document provides an overview of key AutoCAD concepts like the user interface, coordinate systems, drawing tools, layers, and common commands used for drawings. Important commands covered include line, circle, rectangle, move, copy, array, and dimensioning tools. Layers allow separating drawings into logical components for organization and printing.
This document provides instructions for using basic drawing tools in AutoCAD 2010, including:
- How to set up units and drawing limits for a new file
- How to use the LINE and CIRCLE commands to draw simple geometric shapes
- How to erase unwanted objects
- How to navigate and zoom in the drawing area
The goal is to learn fundamental 2D drawing skills like creating lines and circles that serve as the basic building blocks for technical designs in AutoCAD.
The document provides an overview of AutoCAD and its features for 2D and 3D computer-aided design. It discusses commands for drawing basic 2D shapes like lines and rectangles. It also covers more advanced topics such as object snaps, zooming and panning, editing objects, user coordinate systems, and drawing 3D solids and applying hatch patterns. A variety of tools and techniques are presented for working efficiently in AutoCAD.
AutoCAD is a CAD software used for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It allows users to quickly create designs, improve quality over hand drafting, customize the software to individual needs, and learn a marketable skill. The AutoCAD interface includes a workspace, pull down menus, toolbars, palettes, and dialog boxes to access commands. The workspace is the infinite drafting area where drawings are created.
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design software used widely around the world. It was first released in 1982 and has since seen 29 generations of updates. The software allows users to design in both 2D and 3D across industries like architecture, engineering, and construction. AutoCAD has various tools and commands to aid in tasks like drafting, 3D modeling, annotation, and sharing designs through tools like layouts and exporting to PDF. It also provides preset workspaces tailored for functions like 3D modeling versus 2D drafting. Users can customize settings, properties, and more to control how they design within the AutoCAD interface.
The document provides an introduction to AutoCAD, a computer-aided drafting software. It discusses that AutoCAD is commonly used for construction plans and detail drawings. It has tools that allow for quick changes to drawings if designs are modified. The document outlines topics like giving commands, zooming and panning, drawing 2D and 3D shapes, editing objects, and setting up different page sizes for drawings. It provides examples of how to draw basic objects like lines and rectangles in AutoCAD. It also discusses other tools for hatching, creating solids, using the user coordinate system, and keyboard shortcuts.
This document provides instructions for designing a 2D model using AutoCAD software. It lists the necessary software, hardware, and commands used. The procedure involves drawing individual part diagrams, adding dimensions, assembling the parts to form the desired model, and creating a bill of materials table to identify parts and quantities. The aim is to design a 2D model using AutoCAD.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow and levels of neurotransmitters and endorphins which elevate and stabilize mood.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
2. CAD Vs AutoCAD
Computer Aided Design
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery 2
3. AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a software
application for computer-aided
design (CAD) and drafting in
both 2D and 3D.
It is developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc.
First released in December 1982
3
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
4. Starting the Program
Locate and click on the AutoCAD icon or
use the Start Menu to find the program and
start it.
4
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
6. Coordinate Display
Status Line Cursor
Drawing Name
Pull-down Menu Headings
Standard Toolbar
Optional Toolbar
Locations
` 6
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
COMMAND LINE
GRAPHICAL DISPLAY WINDOW
7. Drawing Area
The large area in the center of the screen.
This is where you draw.
The size can be changed at any time.
7
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
8. Workspaces
AutoCAD 2009onwards, a new screen
layout was added.
the screen will look different if you are
working on 2D than it will with 3D work.
AutoCAD Classic -screen looked as the
versions 2000-2008
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery 8
9. Command Line
The three lines at the bottom of the screen.
This is where you enter commands and
AutoCAD will prompt you to input
information.
The number of lines visible can be
changed.
9
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
10. The Command Line Box
There are two basic ways to input a command:
The command line
Clicking on a command icon. The command icons
will execute the appropriate text based command on
the command line
Additionally some commands have a keyboard
shortcut option that normally involves the “cntrl”
or “alt” keys on the keyboard
The command line box size can be changed to
show more or fewer command lines.
10
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
11. Status Bar
Displays your current settings.
The settings can be turned on/off by
clicking on the word (SNAP, GRID,
ORTHO, etc) or by pressing the function
keys associated with each.
11
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
12. More Grid and Snap
It is very common to change the settings for
grid and snap often when creating a
drawing.
Grid and Snap (and other drafting settings)
can be enabled by clicking on the Status
Line buttons at the bottom of the AutoCAD
window. These also toggle on and off with
keyboard shortcuts.
12
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
13. Setting Grid and Snap Dimensions
Drawing accuracy is extremely important in
engineering graphics. Grid and Snap are two of
several commands that help us to ensure
accuracy.
An input window is available by using the “tools”
pull-down menu and selecting “Drafting
Settings…”.
You can also use the separate command line
commands “snap” and “grid”.
Input the parameters that you want to start with.
(Eg.:Use a Grid of 1,and a Snap of 0.5)
13
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
16. Selection
RIGHT TO LEFT-> CROSSING
SELECTION=SECLECTS ANY OBJECT
THAT EITHER CROSSES THE BOUNDARY
OR IS INSIDE IT
LEFT TO RIGHT->WINDOW
SELCTION=SELECTS ON OBJECTS
THAT ARE COMPLETELY WITHIN THE
BOX
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery 16
18. CrossHairs/ Cursor
The movement is controlled by the
movement of the pointing device (mouse).
Use to locate points, make selections and
draw objects.
18
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
19. LWT
Lineweight displays the width assigned to
each object.
19
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
20. Working With Toolbars
AutoCAD has quite few different predefined
toolbars. You can access them by right clicking
on any visible toolbar
You can edit the toolbars to meet your own
preferences. You can explore this option on
your own.
20
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
21. Setting Up The Drawing
Environment
This normally involves a couple of steps.
Defining the units
Defining drawing limits
Setting grid and snap dimensions
Using other Drafting Settings
Note that you can redefine these items at
anytime.
21
Dept. of Civil Engg.,SNGCE Kolenchery
22. Defining Units
Either type “units” on the command line or use
the pull-down menu for “format” and select
“units”
For LENGTH units, select the type and
precision.
For ANGLE units, select the type, precision, and
direction of measure.
The drag-and-drop scale is where you select the
unit system.
Click on the “OK” button when done.
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24. Define Drawing Limits
This defines the extent of the drawing in the
units of the object you are drawing. Since we
are drawing full scale, this should be big enough
to include all parts of your drawing.
This can be changed later if you decide to go
larger with your drawing.
Type “limits” on the command line or use the
“format” pull down menu and select “Drawing
Limits”
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25. Drawing Limits (continued)
A prompt appears on the command line for you
to input the coordinates of the lower left corner
of the drawing limits. If the point is within the
current view, you can point and click on the
location of the lower limit. Otherwise, you can
type in the coordinate pair for the point.
The next prompt asks for the upper right corner
coordinates. Again, you can either point and
click or type in the coordinate pair.
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26. Coordinates
At the bottom left of the AutoCAD.
Move your cursor around the drawing area and
watch the coordinate change.
Toggle “snap” on and off and watch the
difference in the way the coordinates change as
you move the cursor.
Toggle three different coordinate modes with
the “f6” keyboard key.
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27. Using the Help function
AutoCAD has a good command reference in it’s
help function.
This presentation will not duplicate that
reference. You should frequently refer to the
command reference as you learn the various
commands.
Some practical pointers are added here that
may not be easily encountered in the command
reference.
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28. Basic Commands
The “Draw” Toolbar
Lines L
Polylines
Circles C
Arcs A
MI- Mirror
CHA- Chamfer
The “Modify”
Toolbar
Erase E
Copy CO
Move M
Offset O
Fillet F
Array
Trim TR
Extend EX
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29. Start the Drawing
Open AutoCAD or a new drawing
Save the file as “yourname.dwg” in your
directory [D:C6{ur name}]
Set the length type to “decimal”, precision to
“0.00”, and the drag-and-drop scale to
“centimeters” or suitable one
Set the limits to:
Bottom left to 0,0
Top Right to 297,210 for A4 or suitable one
To set the view area to drawing limits:
Enter “zoom” on the command line z
Enter “e” (for extents) 29
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30. Drawing Lines
Either type “line” on the command line or
click on the line icon in the draw toolbar.
Lines can be drawn by point and click.
Can keep an eye on the coordinates display to
make sure that you get what you want.
Lines can be specified by their end point
coordinates.
Type in the coordinates on the command line
Lines can be specified by their first point
coordinates, then by an distance and angle.
Select starting point, type in “@distance<angle”
Example: @5<45 would go 5 units at a 45
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32. The Copy Command
The copy command is used to make a
single duplicate of an entity or group of
entities.
Click on copy icon in the modify menu and
follow the instructions on the command line.
Note that copy offsets may be independent
of the actual line.
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33. Layers
Layers are used to organize drawings. It is
necessary to control the drawing and turn
some layers off and view only the ones you
want.
You will be creating a layer for the
dimensions, one for the objects (lines that
were drawn) and another for the text. Start
the LAYERcommand (LA).
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37. Selecting Objects
AutoCAD has several ways to select objects.
Click on each object that you want to select.
Make a window that encloses all the objects that you
want to select.
Click on the lower or upper LEFT corner of desired window
area
Click on the opposite corner of the window area
Make a boundary that selects every thing that is
within the boundary and that CROSSES the
boundary.
Click on the lower or upper RIGHT corner of desired window
area
Click on the opposite corner of the window area
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38. More drawing
Follow the instructor through the process of
creating the objects shown on the handout.
You will learn to use several more draw and
modify commands in the process.
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39. Plotting your Drawing
Select File>Plot
Select Plot Device and choose HP laser
printer
Select Plot Settings tab
Under Plot Area, choose Limits
Under Plot Scale, choose 1:1
Under Plot Offset, choose Center
Click Full Preview, then if OK,
R-click >Plot
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40. Function Keys
F1 HELP
F2 FLIPSCREEN
F3 OSNAP
F4 TABLET
F5 ISOPLANE
F6 COORDINATE DISPLAY
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42. Special Function Keys
ESC- Cancels the current
command, menu, or dialog
box.
ENTER- Ends a
command; or will repeat
the previous command if
the command line is blank
SPACE BAR- Same as
the end key except when
entering text.
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43. Coordinate Display (F6)
In the ABSOLUTE mode: Displays the
location of the crosshairs/ cursor in reference
to the origin. The first number represents the
horizontal (x axis) and the second number
represents the vertical (y axis).
In RELATIVE POLAR mode: displays the
distance and angle of the cursor from the last
point entered.
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44. SNAP (F9)
Increment Snap controls the movement of
the cursor. If it is off the cursor will move
smoothly. If it is ON, the cursor will jump in
an incremental movement. The increment
spacing can be changed, at any time using
TOOLS/DRAFTING SETTINGS. The
default spacing is .250
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45. GRID (F7)
The grid is merely a visual “drawing aid”.
The default spacing is 1 unit. You may
change the grid spacing at any time using:
TOOLS/DRAFTING SETTINGS.
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46. ORTHO (F8)
When ORTHO is ON, the cursor movement
is restricted to horizontal or vertical. When
ORTHO is OFF, the cursor is free to move.
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47. POLAR (F10)
POLAR TRACKING creates “alignment
paths” at specified angles.
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48. OSNAP (F3)
RUNNING OBJECT SNAP- specific object
snaps can be set to stay active until you
turn them off.
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49. OTRACK (F11)
OBJECT SNAP TRACKING creates
“alignment paths” at precise positions using
object snap locations.
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50. MODEL
Switches your drawing between paper
space and model space.
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51. BPOLY
Common types to bring up the boundary
box.
Also used to make line segments for 1
uniform shape.
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52. LIST
Used to get database info for an object.
Layer
Space
Center Point
Radius
Start Angle
End Angle
Length of line or arc
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53. Multiple Drawing Environments: MDE
You can open as many files as you have
memory for.
Like other Windows documents, you can
work in any drawing by minimizing or
maximizing the screen.
You can only copy, match properties and
move in MDE.
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54. Lineweights
Set by layers
LWT- turns them on or off
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56. LISP
Programs allow you to combine math and
AutoCAD functions and use products in
your CAD drawings.
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57. External Reference (XREF)
Used to share common objects.
Can bring an object from outside and put
on screen, but not into drawing.
You can’t change on screen. Can only be
changed at the network server origin.
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58. XREF
Attach- attach to drawing
Detach- discard from drawing
Reload- made change from server, hit
reload, and it picks up the current changes.
Bind- becomes a block and not an xref.
(Becomes part of the drawing.)
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59. When to bind an XREF
When you cant non-global changes.
When you send work to a client.
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60. Linetype Codes
Linetypes start with the letter “A”
“A” stands for alignment field
A positive number represents the length of
a dash
A negative number represents the length of
a space
A dot will give you a space
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61. Plotting
#1 (color), #1 (lwt)
#2 (color), #2 (lwt)
Plot style/ select form view/ color #1, lwt #1,
color #2, lwt #2
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63. Stuff you should know/ understand
MView= creates viewport in paper space
set aperture size= Tools/options/selection
Vmax= zoom max view you can get without
regeneration
Nested Block= block within a block
If no is used, when you select text to edit,
where does the grip show up?
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64. Stuff you should know… cont.
In layer names do not use dots.
A view is a saved zoom in AutoCAD
Items that can be used in naming items
Numbers
Letters
Underscores
Hyphens
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