Kong zi
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Kong Zi was a philosopher who proposed a socio-political-moral philosophy based on benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and sincerity. He aimed to create an ideal, harmonious society with well-ordered structure and citizens with mutual obligations. Kong Zi transmitted ancient wisdom through instruction, rather than proposing new ideas or religion. His teachings were recorded in Lun Yu as instructive sayings between Kong Zi and his disciples. Key concepts in his philosophy included Ren (benevolence or goodness), Zhong (rectitude), Yi (duty), Li (ritual propriety), and Zhi (wisdom and virtue).
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Confucianism is one of the two main traditional teachings that shaped Chinese civilization. For many centuries, Confucianism formed the ideological foundations of the Chinese state and influenced the religious belief systems of countries like Korea and Japan. The term "Confucianism" originated in Europe and refers to the teachings of the Chinese thinker Confucius, who lived from 551-479 BC. He taught that knowing "Heaven's will" was important for self-perfection and being a good leader. In Confucianism, the ideal person is a "noble husband" who embodies virtues like humanity, justice, ritual, awareness, and sincerity.
Topic 9 existence of god
This document discusses various philosophical and theological concepts relating to spirituality, the nature of humanity, and the existence and role of God. It explores different views on whether humans are composed of body, soul, and spirit or just body and spirit. It also examines arguments for the existence of God like the cosmological, teleological, and ontological arguments. Characteristics of monotheism like omniscience, omnipotence, and divine simplicity are outlined. The document also discusses how humans can connect with the divine through practices like prayer, meditation, and how spirituality can be applied in life.
Tutor_Commen2_7.docxTutor CommentGeorge this would be a v.docx
Tutor_Commen2_7.docx
Tutor Comment:
George: this would be a very nice summary of the ideas of Confucius, but again, it is not an exposition of the text. Once more, you need to show that and how you have read the text, by providing quotations and explanations of passages. You need to refer to the text itself (page numbers etc.) There are places where you get off track. Be sure in the future to keep the topic clear and relate every concept you attend to back to the central theme.
Topic: What is “human nature” for Confucius? What evidence does he give to show that
his views about human nature are correct?
Introduction
Confucius, also known as, Kong Zi, Zhong Ni or Kong Qiu was a wise philosopher and one of the most famous people in ancient China. He was a social philosopher and thinker whose teachings and philosophy have been of great impact to Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese and Chinese way of life. His teachings emphasized justice, correctness of social relationships, the morality of government and sincerity. A system of philosophy known as Confucianism has been developed from his thoughts. Doctrines such as Taoism or legalism during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) used Confucius’s values. He started a career as a teacher after his mother died, where he would travel about and instruct a small group of disciples that had gathered. He touched on issues like lack of moral standards and contemporary disorder in a time when feudalism had spread in China and vice and intrigue was widespread. To him his belief was that the one solution to that problem was to convert the people to go back to the principles and precepts of the sages of antiquity. He therefore taught his students on ancient classics. His theories and principles spread throughout China by his loyal disciples. The concept of time and its movement was one concept he regarded as being of great importance (Richey, 2005). Comment by Bruce Morito: Again, avoid this biographical material in assignments that ask specific questions.
The view of human nature according to Confucius was that through an individual’s personal and communal effort, he or she was improvable, teachable and perfectible especially with self-creation and self-cultivation. He emphasized on the development and cultivation of virtue and moral perfection. According to him, from an underlying attitude of humaneness, ritual and filial piety were the ways one should act toward others. His concept of humaneness was expressed in the Golden rule that stated that one should not do to others what they would not have them do to them or the Confucian version of the ethic of reciprocity. Confucius must have believed that all men were born with intrinsic similarities because according to him: “By nature men are similar; by practice men are wide apart” (Richey, 2005). Comment by Bruce Morito: You need to work on the primary texts and not rely on secondary sources.
RenJen, which was a term used to refer to the expression of Confucian conc ...
Human being
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2) It explores how humans have been viewed as spiritual, social, and physical beings that are shaped by both nature and culture.
3) Key debates discussed include whether humans are defined more by reason, will, spirit, or social and economic forces, with different eras and philosophers emphasizing different aspects of human nature.
G11 Lesson 5 -Person and Community.pptx
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2. A personal encounter with another awakens us to the equal dignity and inherent worth of all people. Living faithfully means recognizing the value in others.
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Religion as an Anthropological ConceptScott E. Antes 1996-2009.docx
Religion as an Anthropological Concept
Scott E. Antes 1996-2009
Defining religion. Dozens of useful definitions exist for the term “religion”. For our purposes, however, I define religion as the belief in spirit beings or superhuman forces that directly influence human conduct, typically expressed through symbolic, ritual, and social behavior. This substantive (what something is, not what it does) definition works very well for the following reasons:
(1) It is all-inclusive; it defines the general concept of religion—including everything from animism to monotheism.
(2) It identifies religion as a cultural universal, something common to all human societies past and present. To the best of our knowledge, a belief in spiritual beings is and always has been a fundamental component of human culture.
(3) It simply describes what religion is (substantive definition), without complicating itself by trying to explain what religion does (functional definition).
(4) It does not confuse the concept of religion with any particular system of religion. Religious systems differ and continually change, whereas this definition of religion as a concept essentially is timeless.
(5) It is an elementary, simple—yet not oversimplified—definition that is easily applied and remembered.
Other definitions to consider:
Lydia Black 1997: “Religion is an ideological system of explicit and implicit notions and ideas related to reality accepted as true but unable to be verified empirically.” (Religion as a belief system.) I like this definition, but it overlooks the most fundamental component of religion, the belief in spirit beings.
Clifford Geertz 1965: “A religion is (1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by (3) formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that (5) the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic.” (Religion as a system of symbols.)
J. Milton Yinger 1971: “Religion…can be defined as a system of beliefs and practices by means of which a group of people struggles with (the) ultimate problems of human life.” (Religion as an institution.)
Religious systems:
Ancestor Veneration. The practice of venerating deceased ancestors. Note: Some authors label this practice as “ancestor worship,” which is incorrect. Worship is reserved for gods (deities).
Animism. A religious system based on the belief that every living thing possesses a spirit, or soul, that animates it. In this context, “living” things include not only animals and plants, but such entities as the wind, the waters, the earth, the sky, etc.
Animatism. A religious system from the South Pacific based on the belief in an impersonal force called mana, which all things possess, but in varying degrees. The most powerful people in society are those whom its population believe to have the most mana. Believers consider mana to be somet ...
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Alisha assinment p4
T.P. Kailasam's perspective in his play "The Purpose" differs from the myth of the Mahabharata presented by Vyasa. In the play, Eklavya is portrayed as a noble hero who learns archery to protect animals, while Arjuna's motivation is selfish as he desires only to become the greatest archer. This challenges the traditional view of Arjuna as a heroic ideal. Kailasam aims to give voice to marginalized characters and elevate Eklavya by highlighting his skills and nobility over Arjuna. The contradictory perspectives presented cannot be taken as definitive truth according to Nietzsche's concept of perspectivism.
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Tutor_Commen2_7.docxTutor CommentGeorge this would be a v.docx
Tutor_Commen2_7.docxTutor CommentGeorge this would be a v.docx
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2. The Book of Psalms: Recognition of the kingship and sovereignty of God
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu Expert
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu Expert
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptx
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptx
Kong zi
- 1. Kong Zi Kong Zi’s Philosophy is secular Anthropocentric Invested in a study of philosophy centered on Man. Determined the outstanding characteristic of a philosophy that is centered on Humanism. Proposed a socio-politico-Moral philosophy founded on Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Wisdom and Sincerity. Towards this goal offered a positive, construction decorous and Humanistic course.
- 2. The ideal society was one that promoted harmonious relationship among morally perfected individuals with a well-ordered structure based on the citizen’s mutual attachment to individual obligation. Never did propose a religion nor did he claim to have introduced anything new. (Transmitter of ancient wisdom) by this claim he became the first professional teacher of China. Lun Yu – the book attributed to him- collection of 20 books of aphorisms and Politico-Moral discourse between the Master and his disciples. He did not write this, but this are the collected sayings of the Master after his death. These are instructive but not dogmatic; sincere and inspiring but never pedantic.
- 3. Kong Zi on Ren Ren translated in the West as Jen James Legge translated it as Benevolence, Arthur Waley as “Goodness”, some as Human Heartedness, Compassion, Pity, Love, Virtue, Virtue of Virtue, Supreme Goodness, but always with reservations. In fact, Ren is a term of plurisignifications that embraces all of the above and yet signifies something more. Ren, 仁 is infact a compound ideogram taken from 2 characters _____ literally meaning man, and erh signifying two or second in Chinese numerical system. “Man and second”.
- 4. Kong Zi on Zhong and Shu Superior character Zhong signifies center, central or middle which the inferior Xin literally means heart which is essentially associated with emotions. Xin also signifies the mind, the unwavering reason. Shu is a complex ideogram Nu – meanign a woman or feminine Kuo meaning mouth imlying the idea of communication; Xin heart or mind, both characters relate the interrelationship of Ren and the human reason. Zhong therefore is the the positive aspect of the practice of Ren.
- 5. Kong Zi on Yi Some sinologist translate it as rectitude or duty. Some obligation or righteousness. Superior character Yang thus claim the Character Wang Wo is placed at the inferior part of the compound Suggest I carry something. Second interpretation Wang literally means King.- “I carry a King” Duty imposed upon me from which I have no way of escaping. Consciousness of one’s moral imperative is something that one inherits at Birth.
- 6. A social philosophy based on duty. Doctrine Zheng Ming, we find Kong Zi’s famous conversation with the desciple Chi Kang. Chi Kang asked Kong Zi how to govern a state. The Master answered “To govern means to rectify”. “Rectification of Names”
- 7. Li Made up of two components to worship _______, a person worshipping ceremoniously before an urn where the two joss sticks have just been planted. May be taken as rite, ceremony, decorum, deportment, politeness, good manners, propriety or civility. – proper ritual of a civilized life.
- 8. Zhi Complex ideogram – the act of knowing. Kuo literally means mouth, Yueh __ to say, or to express or spoken. Chinese used the word Zhi to signify transmitted knowledge in expressing the highest of rational enlightenment, Zhi implies the necessity of possessing and transmitting wisdom. To possess Zhi means to possess virtue, for the virtue is at the same time knowledge.
- 9. RenXin Ren= Man Xin = Word Faithfulness or goodfaith In Spanish Palabra de honor