Know Your Status: Health Literacy, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among African Americans Towards HIV Testing

•

1 like•402 views

This study examined the relationship between health literacy, attitudes, and beliefs related to HIV testing among African Americans. The authors hypothesized that higher health literacy would predict more positive attitudes toward HIV testing, even after controlling for other factors. They surveyed 172 African Americans and found that higher health literacy significantly predicted more positive testing attitudes. Prior HIV testing, religious importance, views of HIV as a gay disease, and beliefs about condoms also impacted testing attitudes. The authors concluded that interventions should address multiple factors beyond just self-efficacy to help reduce health disparities.

Health & Medicine

Know Your Status: Health Literacy,
Attitudes, and Beliefs Among African
Americans Towards HIV Testing

R.V. Rikard E. Charles Gagum
Department of Sociology & Department of Sociology &
Anthropology North Carolina Anthropology North Carolina
State University State University
rvrikard@ncsu.edu ecgagum@ncsu.edu

Presented at the 2010 Southern Sociological
Society Meeting
Atlanta, GA

5/19/2010 1

Defining Health Literacy
• An individuals’ ability to obtain, process, and
understand health information to make informed
decisions about their health.
-Institute of Medicine (2004)

• The degree to which individuals have the capacity
to obtain, process, and understand basic health
information and services needed to make
appropriate health decisions.
-Health People 2010

5/19/2010 2

Context of Health Literacy

Minorities, Men, Elderly, Socioeconomic
Status, Self-Efficacy, Education*

5/19/2010 3

Health Literacy & HIV/AIDS
Four Clinical Studies
Authors Outcome HL Measure
Kalichman, Highly Active Test of Functional
Ramachandra, and Catz Antiretroviral Therapy Health Literacy for
(1999) (HAART) drug Adults (TOFHLA)
Adherence
Barragan and colleagues Acceptance of HIV Rapid Estimate of
(2004) Testing Adult Literacy in
Medicine (REALM)
Hicks et al. (2006) HIV/AIDS knowledge REALM

Mayben and colleagues Delayed HIV Testing TOFHLA
(2007)*
5/19/2010 4

The Present Research
Purpose:

Examine the relationship between health literacy,
attitudes and beliefs related to protective sexual
behavior and HIV testing among a non-clinical sample
of African Americans.

Hypotheses:
1) Controlling for social characteristics and personal resources, health
literacy has a direct and significant effect on HIV testing.

2) Prior HIV testing has a direct impact on the respondents’ attitudes
toward HIV testing.

3) Conservatism and beliefs related to condom use directly impact HIV
testing attitudes.

5/19/2010 5

Measures
DV: Attitude toward HIV Testing

1) I don't know where to go to get tested.
2) I don't know about the costs of getting tested.
3) I have never thought about getting tested.
4) I don't see a need to get tested because I am not at risk.
5) Getting tested would make me look sexually promiscuous.

Reverse Coded
Higher values = Greater level of agreement
with statement. Alpha = 0.67

5/19/2010 6

OLS Regression Models
Model
1 2 3 4 5
Varaible Name
Social Characteristics
Health Literacy -0.740 *** -0.610 *** -0.518 *** -0.523 *** -0.496 ***
Sex -0.378 -0.349 -0.394 -0.172 0.092
Age -0.006 0.003 0.000 0.001 -0.002
Personal Resources
Self-Efficacy -0.996 *** -0.995 ** -1.456 *** -1.353 ***
Education -0.045 -0.035 -0.069 -0.055
Control
HIV Testing -1.658 *** -1.699 *** -1.856 ***
Conservatism
Religious Importance 0.509 0.330
HIV Gay Disease -1.382 *** -1.299 ***
Condom Beliefs
Embarrassing 0.938 ***
Protection 0.127

Model F 7.72 *** 6.6 *** 7.9 *** 10.12 *** 9.89 ***
Adjusted R2 0.137 0.181 0.246 0.365 0.412
*Source: Community and Health Disparity Project, (N=172).. **p>.01;***p>.001
7

Implications
Targeting only self-efficacy is unlikely to
reduce literacy-related disparities in health
related outcomes (DeWalt, Boone, and
Pigone, 2007).

5/19/2010 8

1) The study examined sex differences in the relationships between body dissatisfaction, quality of life, and psychological distress in a sample of Australian adults. 2) The results showed that body dissatisfaction was associated with poorer mental health-related quality of life and greater psychological distress, and these relationships were stronger for men than women. 3) There was no significant interaction between sex and body dissatisfaction for physical health-related quality of life.

Smoking cessation for residents

Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency

This document summarizes a presentation on smoking cessation. It discusses the mortality benefits of quitting smoking, including reduced risks of lung cancer and COPD. It identifies opportunities for smoking cessation counseling ("teachable moments") like surgery, pregnancy, and health screenings. The 5A's approach to counseling is reviewed, including asking about tobacco use, advising to quit, assessing willingness, assisting with quit plan/medication, and arranging follow-up. Medications and their effectiveness are summarized. Financial incentives and e-cigarettes are also briefly discussed.

Lengua tema 9

Valentin Valentinov Ristanov

Este documento habla sobre los sufijos, el uso de la letra b, los adjetivos calificativos, las entrevistas y las opiniones. Explica que los sufijos se añaden detrás de las palabras para formar nuevas, y da ejemplos como -ero, -ito y -dor. También describe cuando se escribe con b y explica conceptos como los adjetivos calificativos y sus características de género y número. Por último, resume las características básicas de una entrevista como la participación de entrevistador y entrevist

DQ11) N-LHi Class-In 2023 we are will educate about STDs and be aware.docx

rosaliaj1

DQ1 1)Â N.L Hi Class, In 2023 we are will educate about STDs and be aware of how most of them can be transmitted. HIV or human immunodeficiency virus attacks the bodyâ€™s immune system resulting in a compromised immune system and can result in AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome if untreated (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022).Â Â Mandating HIV screening can be tricky depending on where you are mandating people to get tested at. For example, In Urgent care or hospitals, it should be okay to mandate everyone to get tested as a precaution due to the atmosphere and environment one is in. Whereas in a job that doesnâ€™t deal with any exposure it isnâ€™t ethically fair to be exposed to this when there isnâ€™t a reason to be. In my opinion, it should be offered during the other mandated vaccinations like the flu shots and Tuberculosis. Reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 30). About HIV/AIDS . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 28, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html 2) E.P Regarding HIV/AIDS specifically, the duty of confidentiality is nearly ubiquitous in professional codes of conduct. Patients' right to privacy and the public's need to be safe from contagions are in tension with one another. Presumably, only patients themselves will have a full understanding of how their disclosures to third parties will affect their personal, social, and professional life (Rennie et al 2006). Even more so than in other areas of life, the doctor-patient relationship is one in which a person living with HIV/AIDS has a right to confidentiality. Any intentional disclosure of protected information to a third party is a crime. One case in which a doctor divulged his patients' HIV status to a coworker on the golf course without their permission resulted in a court awarding damages to the patients. Confidentiality, as a subset of information privacy, refers to the protection of information shared inside a trusting relationship from being shared outside of that relationship (Knight et al 2014). Only if the person (or institution) to whom confidential information was supplied fails to secure the information or knowingly exposes it to a third party without first party agreement does the right to confidentiality be violated. A breach of privacy, rather than confidentiality, occurs when an unauthorized person accesses patient records or other sensitive information stored in a computer system. No one other than the intended recipient in a confidential connection may be held liable for disclosure of the information. Reference Rennie, S., & Behets, F. (2006). Desperately seeking targets: the ethics of routine HIV testing in low-income countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84, 52-57. Knight, R., Shoveller, J., Greyson, D., Kerr, T., Gilbert, M., & Shannon, K. (2014). Advancing population and public health ethics regarding HIV testing: a sc.

DQ1 Hi In 2023 we are will.docx

write12

The document discusses several topics relating to screening and testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): - HIV attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS if left untreated. Mandating HIV screening can be tricky due to privacy and ethical concerns depending on the setting and job. - Confidentiality is important in doctor-patient relationships regarding sensitive health information like HIV status. Breaches of confidentiality have resulted in legal damages. - When considering mandating HIV screening, medical ethics principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence must be weighed against public health needs. Screening can enable early detection and treatment. - Screening for diseases is an important

Viagra presentation

nfarber

- A survey was conducted of internal medicine and family medicine residents at UCSD to examine their willingness to prescribe sildenafil (Viagra) in different ethically challenging scenarios. - The survey presented 10 scenarios that varied factors like HIV status, sexual orientation, safe sex practices, and relationship status. - The results showed residents were less likely to prescribe sildenafil to those with risky behavior, HIV-positive patients, and those in adulterous relationships, indicating extra-therapeutic factors influenced their decisions. - The study concluded residency programs should help residents balance respecting patient autonomy with protecting society and addressing biases and moral views that could impact patient care.

Genetic testing

Shenellie Harry

Genetic testing identifies changes in a person's chromosomes, genes, or proteins that can confirm or rule out genetic disorders. There are several types of genetic testing including newborn screening, diagnostic testing, carrier testing, prenatal testing, and predictive testing. While genetic testing provides information to guide medical decisions, it also raises ethical issues regarding privacy, discrimination, stigmatization and justice. Informed consent, confidentiality of results, and non-directiveness are important principles when considering genetic testing. The appropriate use and regulation of genetic information continues to be debated.

Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Medical Genetics

Rayhan Shahrear

The PLISSIT model is a 4-stage intervention model nurses use to assess a client's sexuality and healthcare needs related to sexuality. The stages include: Permission Giving to discuss sexuality issues, Limited Information where the nurse provides basic information about how a condition like HIV/AIDS affects sexuality, Specific Suggestions where the nurse offers suggestions to address specific sexual concerns, and Intensive Therapy where the nurse refers clients to specialists for more intensive therapy if needed. The model aims to help nurses have sensitive discussions about sexuality with clients in a non-judgmental way.

Access to HIV Prevention and Treatment for Men Who Have Sex with Men

clac.cab

IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)

iosrphr_editor

The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope). All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.

Advancing a Sexual Health FrameworkFor Gay, Bisexual and Other MSMIn the Unit...

CDC NPIN

Richard J. Wolitski presented on advancing a sexual health framework for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. He noted that over 30,000 new HIV infections occurred among MSM in 2009, showing that current efforts are not effective. A sexual health approach considers broader health issues, relationships, discrimination and stigma. It emphasizes wellness, prevention, and respectful relationships. Structural changes are needed to address homophobia and improve health care and education to reduce HIV transmission and promote sexual health for all.

COVID Ethical Issues

Mike Aref

This document discusses several ethical issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It begins with an overview of ethical decision-making models and frameworks. It then analyzes four clinical ethics cases related to visitor restrictions, goals of care conversations, code status for COVID-19 patients, and mandating the COVID-19 vaccine. For each case, it applies the "four boxes" method of casuistry to analyze the medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life considerations, and contextual features. It concludes with a discussion of resource allocation challenges when demand exceeds supply, such as shortages of staff, drugs, medical equipment and disparities in healthcare access and outcomes.

12.4.15 linkages data for decision making

LINKAGES

This document discusses issues with key population data and recommendations for improvement. It notes that some governments misuse or manipulate data to underreport HIV in key populations. Mapping exercises can endanger sex workers by revealing their locations. There is also a lack of inclusion of key populations in data generation. The document recommends safeguarding individual data while involving key populations in the process. It provides examples of respectful transgender data collection using a two-question model about assigned sex and current gender identity. Overall, the document advocates for ethical, safe and inclusive data practices that prioritize the needs of key populations.

Terms and Conditions for Trust in Learning Health Systems

Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School

This document summarizes a presentation on proposed changes to the informed consent process. The key proposed changes include shortening consent forms to only include the most relevant details, publicly posting consent documents for clinical trials, and allowing for broad consent for secondary use of biospecimens including de-identified samples. The goals of the proposed changes are to build more trust in the consent process and make it more meaningful. However, it is unclear if the changes will fully achieve these goals given challenges such as the open-ended nature of consent agreements. The presentation also discusses empirical studies conducted on community perspectives and issues regarding public health biobanks and consent.

Neonatal ethics Spokane WA 11/7/18

Andi Chatburn, DO, MA

Qualitative Analysis in Health Research

Asiful Islam

Determinants of Health

Laura Taylor

This document discusses determinants of health and risky behaviors. It provides learning outcomes on analyzing patterns of health and disease and how physical, social, and psychological determinants impact adults with long-term conditions. The document then outlines aims of the session, which are to define concepts like health, illness, risky behaviors, and barriers to healthcare. Models of health determinants are presented and factors influencing the fictional Gallagher family's health are to be considered.

Exposing the Determinants: Keynote

CBRC

Educational level, sex and church affiliation on health seeking

Alexander Decker

This document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of educational level, sex, and church affiliation on health seeking behavior among parishioners in Makurdi, Nigeria. 448 participants were surveyed using a health seeking behavior scale. The study found that educational level and sex were statistically significant predictors of health seeking behavior, with those with higher education and females reporting higher health seeking scores. Additionally, Catholics reported higher health seeking behavior than non-Catholics. The study suggests these factors be considered to improve health policies and promote behaviors.

LGBT Health and Healthcare Disparities

Brandon Gordon

This document discusses LGBT health and healthcare disparities. It provides statistics showing that LGBT individuals make up a minority of the US population and are understudied. LGBT people face more barriers to healthcare access and are more likely to lack a regular provider. Without access to care, conditions like HIV can go undetected and spread. The document calls for efforts like increasing LGBT-inclusive data collection, education to reduce stigma, and policies protecting LGBT patients to help address healthcare disparities. An interdisciplinary, systemic approach is needed to improve health outcomes for LGBT populations.

social autopsy preventive medicine seminar PPT.pptx

anthonyanna03

The document discusses social autopsy, which analyzes social interactions and behaviors to address underlying social issues contributing to mortality rates. It outlines the key steps in conducting a social autopsy, including identifying deaths, collecting circumstances, conducting interviews, and analyzing social determinants. Case studies on infant mortality in India and dengue in Southeast Asia demonstrate how social autopsies can help identify care delays and policy solutions. The last case study discusses using social autopsies to uncover real identities of online trolls and cyberbullies.

Bias in Healthcare: An Evidence-Based Overview

KR_Barker

Bias can be both conscious and unconscious, and affects all areas of life including healthcare, with unfortunate (and sometimes deadly) consequences for patients. Join Kimberley for an evidence-based exploration of this topic which will include learning about biases in several different areas (sexual identity, physical weight, race, socioeconomic status, education, age, and disability), defining the scale of the problem, and how some in healthcare are working to combat bias and improve outcomes for patients.

MHIP 2009

Joseph Curtis

2011; 33 e50–e56WEB PAPERThe ethics of HIV testing an.docx

vickeryr87

2011; 33: e50–e56 WEB PAPER The ethics of HIV testing and disclosure for healthcare professionals: What do our future doctors think? JULIE M. AULTMAN1 & NICOLE J. BORGES2 1Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, USA, 2Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, USA Abstract Aim: This study examined future medical professionals’ attitudes and beliefs regarding mandatory human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and disclosure. Method: A total of 54 US medical students were interviewed regarding mandatory testing and disclosure of HIV status for both patient and health care professional populations. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis by the first author and verified by the second author. Results: Medical students considered a variety of perspectives, even placing themselves in the shoes of their patients or imagining themselves as a healthcare professional with HIV. Mixed opinions were presented regarding the importance of HIV testing for students coupled with a fear about school administration regarding HIV positive test results and the outcome of a student’s career. Third- and fourth-year medical students felt that there should be no obligation to disclose one’s HIV status to patients, colleagues, or employers. However, most of these students did feel that patients had an obligation to disclose their HIV status to healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This study gives medical educators a glimpse into what our future doctors think about HIV testing and disclosure, and how difficult it is for them to recognize that they can be patients too, as they are conflicted by professional and personal values. Introduction The overall aim of this qualitative study is to gain a deeper understanding of future doctors’ attitudes and beliefs regarding mandatory human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and disclosure, and to explore current medical students’ personal biases and stigmas surrounding HIV testing and disclosure. Present and future doctors may face the challenges of having to not only request that patients disclose their HIV status, but also to decide whether to report one’s own HIV status to patients, colleagues, and/or employing healthcare institutions. By examining and identifying some of the beliefs and attitudes surrounding such dilemmas, we believe this information can be of help to medical educators as they work with medical students and their clinical preceptors to resolve many of the social and ethical problems associated with the stigma of HIV disclosure, while improving the overall health of individuals and communities. In addition to the presentation and analysis of our data, we provide curriculum recommendations for ethics education for HIV testing and disclosure for medical students. First, we will provide descriptive background information on HIV testing and disclosure. HIV testing In the United States, there are several private and public.

Karly Drabot & Kevin Saya-Moore, "Improving the Health of Men Who Have Sex wi...

CBRC

This document discusses a project aimed at improving the health of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Interior of British Columbia by engaging local physicians. It provides background on health issues facing MSM, summarizes key findings from a 2010 health survey of MSM in the Interior, and outlines a presentation developed to educate physicians on addressing the needs of MSM patients. The presentation includes 5 guiding suggestions for physicians and was evaluated through an online quiz and questionnaire, finding that it provided clear information that could positively impact physician practice.

Health and Wealth Relationships-10-16

Barbara O'Neill

This document provides an overview of a webinar on health and personal finances. The webinar objectives are described, including describing how health and finances are related, research linking the two, and the Personal Health and Finance Quiz. The Small Steps to Health and Wealth program framework is also described. Research findings are presented showing relationships between personality traits, health habits, and financial behaviors. The Personal Health and Finance Quiz is explained as a tool to assess behaviors.

Community Perspective on Healthcare Panel: Dr. Boyle

National Association of Councils on Developmental Disabilities

The National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was established in 2001 to promote health and enhance lives of those with disabilities. It conducts research and surveillance on conditions like autism and intellectual disabilities through programs such as the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The NCBDDD aims to understand risk factors and improve early identification and intervention to help individuals live fulfilling lives.

IHA_Tweetchat_Breakout_Session_2015_v02

Know Your Status: Health Literacy, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among African Americans Towards HIV Testing

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Know Your Status: Health Literacy, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among African Americans Towards HIV Testing

Similar to Know Your Status: Health Literacy, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among African Americans Towards HIV Testing (20)

More from RV Rikard

More from RV Rikard (15)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Know Your Status: Health Literacy, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among African Americans Towards HIV Testing