This document summarizes and compares two IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanisms: Boundary-Stateless IP Translation (BD-SIIT) and Dynamic Source Translation Mechanism (DSTM). It outlines the operation and advantages of BD-SIIT, which performs address mapping and header translation without requiring tunneling. Simulation results show BD-SIIT has better performance than DSTM for small IPv6 packets in terms of round trip time, end-to-end delay, and throughput. Key metrics like delay, throughput, and round trip time are evaluated and compared for both mechanisms.

1. On the Investigations of Design,Implementation,Performance and Evaluation issues of a Novel BD-SIIT Stateless IPv4/IPv6 Translator . Hanumanthappa.J. , Dr.Manjaiah.,Aravinda.C.V. Assistant Professor,DoS in CS,Uni of Mysore,Manasagangotri,Mysore-06. Associate Professor and Chairman,Dept of CS,Mangalagangotri, Mangalore University,Mangalore. M.Tech.,K.S.O.U.,Mysore-06 .

2. Abstract This paper clearly specifies comparative and behavior analysis carried out on the two major IPv6 interoperation mechanisms : BD-SIIT and DSTM for the high level compatibility smooth transition, and interoperation between IPv4 and IPv6. This paper proposes the performance analysis of the difference between the BD-SIIT and DSTM. We Implement the BD-SIIT and DSTM in order to Study their behaviour using various evaluation metrics such as Throughput,End-to-End delay(EED),RTT. The Simulation results of our experiment shows that BD-SIIT RTT,EED, and Throughput performance metrics are better than DSTM when we are using small size IPv6 packet. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

3. Contents Limitations of IPv4. Introduction. Overview of IPv6. -IPv6 : Distinctive Features. -IPv6 Header Format. Back Ground -Transition techniques from IPv4 to IPv6. Related Work. -Literature review about BD-SIIT and DSTM. -Comparison between BD-SIIT and DSTM in 4G Mobile nets. Performance evaluation metrics and Simulation parameters of BD-SIIT and DSTM. - Simulation results and Discussion Conclusion. References . July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

4. Problems with IPv4 : Limited Address Space IPv4 has 32 bit addresses. Flat addressing (only netid + hostid with “fixed” boundaries) Results in inefficient use of address space. Class B addresses are almost over. Addresses will exhaust in the next 5 years. IPv4 is victim of its own success . July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

5. Problems with IPv4 : Routing Table Explosion IP does not permit route aggregation (limited supernetting possible with new routers) Mostly only class C addresses remain Number of networks is increasing very fast (number of routes to be advertised goes up) Very high routing overhead lot more memory needed for routing table lot more bandwidth to pass routing information lot more processing needed to compute routes July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

6. Problems with IPv4 : Header Limitations Maximum header length is 60 octets. (Restricts options) Maximum packet length is 64K octets. (Do we need more than that ?) ID for fragments is 16 bits. Repeats every 65537th packet. (Will two packets in the network have same ID?) Variable size header. (Slower processing at routers.) No ordering of options. (All routers need to look at all options.) July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

7. Problems with IPv4 : Other Limitations Lack of quality-of-service support. Only an 8-bit ToS field, which is hardly used. Problem for multimedia services. No support for security at IP layer. Mobility support is limited . July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

8. Overview of IPv6 IPv6 quadruples the size of an IPv4 address from 32 bits to 128 bits.The IPv6 address is so large that it cannot be exhausted in the foreseeable future. IPv6 addressing : An IPv6 address consists of 16 bytes. It is 128 bits long.28 bits are divided into 8 sections, size of each section is 2 bytes. Each section of IPv6 is represented by 4 Hexadecimal digits. Therefore it is totally represented by 32 Hexadecimal digits with every four digits separated by a colon.

9. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. IPv6 Address Fig-1 .

10. IPv6: Distinctive Features Larger address space. Header format simplification Expanded routing and addressing capabilities Improved support for extensions and options Flow labeling (for QoS) capability Auto-configuration and Neighbour discovery Authentication and privacy capabilities Simple transition from IPv4. Encryption and Decryption. Real time applications like Video & Audio . July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

11. IPv6 Header Format July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Traffic Class Flow Label Vers Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Source Address Destination Address 0 4 12 16 24 31

12. Transition to IPv6: Design Goal No “flag”day. Incremental upgrade and deployment. Minimum upgrade dependencies. Interoperability of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes. Let sites transition at their own pace. Basic migration tools Dual stack and tunneling Translation July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

13. Transition Mechanisms: Dual Stack New nodes support both IPv4 and IPv6. Upgrading from IPv4 to v4/v6 does not break anything. Same transport layer and application above both. Provides complete interoperability with IPv4 nodes . July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

14. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Fig.2.Dual Stack .

15. Transition Mechanism: Tunnels Tunnel IPv6 packets across IPv4 topology. Configured tunnels: Explicitly configured tunnel endpoints. Router to router, host to router. Automatic tunnels: Automatic address resolution using embedded IPv4 address (like IPv4-compatible address). Host to host, router to host July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

16. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Fig.3.Automatic Tunneling . Fig.4. C onfigured Tunneling .

17. Transition mechanism: Translation This will allow communication between IPv6 only hosts and IPv4 only hosts. A typical translator consists of two components: translation between IPv4 and IPv6 packets. Address mapping between IPv4 and IPv6 For translation, three technologies are available: header conversion transport relay application proxy July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA.

18. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Fig.6. Header Translation .

19. Operation of BD-SIIT V4-V6 DNS(DNS46) server determines two public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses which are statically or Dynamically exist for IPv4/IPv6 communication System. V4-V6 Enabled Gateway which Performs address mapping between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses as well as IPv4 and IPv6 Header conversion .

20. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Fig.1.BD-SIIT Translation process

21. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Fig.2.Translation of IPv6 to IPv4 Header .

22. Why BD-SIIT Transition Mechanism . To Reduce the Packet Size compared with Tunneling Algorithms, in turn, reducing Traffic overhead. Reduce the Cost of IPv6 Network by avoiding the need to upgrade all the edge nodes that support both the IPv4 and IPv6 as found in Dual Stack mechanisms . Use a New address mapping that depends on identifying two Public addresses(IPv4 and IPv6) instead of IPv4 –mapped IPv6 address method.

23. BD-SIIT Data Packet Transmission Process Fig.3. BD-SIIT Data packet Transmission Process.

24. Stage-1: IPv6 Packet Transmission. Stage-2:IPv6-to-IPv4 mapping calculation and Address mapping. Stage-3:IPv6-in-IPv4 Header Translation Stage-4:IPv4 Packet Transmission BD-SIIT Translation mainly occurs due to following Stages

25. Comparison and Contrast between BD-SIIT and DSTM Transition Mechanism. BD-SIIT DSTM 1.It does not for tunneling technique . 1. A tunneling technique needs to be configured. 2. Two IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are assumed to be globally unique. 2.Only IPv4 addresses are assumed to be globally unique . 3.It Uses two types of global IP addresses that are assigned by DNS46 server for each communication system. 3. Uses only a pool of IPv4 addresses in order to assign Global IPv4 address for each communication system. 4.Applicable for Bi-Directional commn between IPv6 only nodes and IPv4 nodes. 4.Not applicable to IPv6 only nodes that want to communicate with IPv4 only node. 5.Less cost 5.High Cost 6.Does not require upgrading or extra software to be used at end user nodes. 6.Requires modifications or extra software to support the dual stack on the end user nodes. 7.Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 and Vice versa is needed. 7.Encapsulation and Decapsulation methods are needed.

26. Comparison and Performance evaluation metrics of a Novel IPv4/IPv6 Transition Mechs :BD-SIIT and DSTM. Fig.5.BD-SIIT Network model .

27. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Fig.7.DSTM Network model .

28. Performance evaluation metrics and Simulation Parameters. In this Paper we have calculated three performance evaluation metrics . 1.End to End delay 2.Throughput 3.Round trip time(RTT) N rec 1.Mean End to End delay= ∑ i=1 EEDi/Nrec where EEDi = Tdi- Tsi where EEDi is the end to end delay of ith packet. Tsi is the Source packet i created and Tdi is the Destination packet which is created at Destination. Nrec is the total number of packets received at Dest host and Mean EED is the mean value of each communication session.

29. The mean throughput for a sequence of packets of specific size is calculated by using equations 1 and 2. MeanThr = Σ N j =1 Thrj /N -------------(1) where Thr=Packetsreceived(Pr)/Packets generated(Pg)*100%.--------------(2) Where Thrj is the value of the throughput when the packet j is received at intermediate device like DSTM gateway,BD-SIIT Gateway,v4/v6 Router and N is the number of received packets at intermediate device,Pr is the no of packets received at intermediate device and Pg is the number of packets created by source host .

30. July-22-23,2010 ICCCI10,Madurai,TN,INDIA. Simulation Parameters Value 1.Buffer Size 500 Packets 2. Propogation Delay 10ms 3.payload size 200 Bytes 4.Very traffic Load 6~240 Nodes. 5.Queue Management Scheme Drop tail.

31. Conclusions . The End to End Delay session of V6-to-V4 Communication is very large as compared to EED of other communication systems. Throughput of V6-to-V4 communication is Very small as compared to other sessions.

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