IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the movement of metallic particles in gas insulated busduct systems due to electric fields. It presents analytical, finite difference, and finite element methods to model the electric fields and calculate particle trajectories. Simulation results show that aluminum and copper particle movement increases with higher voltages. The maximum radial movement is 10.75mm at 220kV and 35.66mm at 600kV using different field calculation methods.
Effect of adding titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) on structure, elastic moduli, Vickers hardness, internal friction, electrical
resistivity and thermal properties of tin-antimony-lead and tin-aluminum bearing alloys have been investigated. Elastic modulus, Vickers
hardness and thermal diffusivity of Sn87Sb10Pb3 and Sn80Al20 alloys increased after adding TiO2 nanoparticles. Internal friction, thermal
conductivity and specific heat of Sn87Sb10Pb3 and Sn80Al20 alloys varied after adding TiO2 nanoparticles. Adding titanium oxide nanoparticles
improved bearing properties, such as strengthens and internal friction of Sn87Sb10Pb3 and Sn80Al20 alloys. The Sn85.5Sb10Pb3(TiO2)1.5 alloy has
best properties for automotive industry. Also Sn78.5Al20(TiO2)1.5 alloy has best properties for marine applications.
A Front Surface Optimization Study for Photovoltaic ApplicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the front surface of silicon solar cells to reduce reflectance through antireflection coatings and surface texturing. Silicon nitride films were deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and hot-wire chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates, and showed weighted average reflectances of 1.5% and 1.8% respectively. Random pyramid surface textures were formed on silicon using potassium hydroxide etching for 30 minutes, achieving low reflectance. Combining the optimized silicon nitride coatings with the textured surfaces further reduced weighted average reflectances to 1.5% for PECVD and 1.8% for HWCVD coatings.
First principles study of electronic, elastic and thermal properties of b2 ty...Alexander Decker
This document reports on a first principles study of the electronic, elastic, and thermal properties of RECd (RE = La, Ce, and Pr) intermetallic compounds using density functional theory. The compounds were found to be metallic in nature. Elastic constants were calculated and satisfied mechanical stability criteria, though values have not been experimentally measured. Among the compounds, PrCd was predicted to be most ductile based on its bulk to shear modulus ratio. Thermal properties like Debye temperature were also derived from the calculated elastic constants. This study provides the first theoretical predictions of elastic properties of these RECd intermetallic compounds.
This document discusses the modeling and analysis of laminated composite leaf springs to replace conventional steel leaf springs. It aims to reduce weight while maintaining load capacity and stiffness. A mono leaf spring made of E-glass/epoxy, S-glass/epoxy, or carbon/epoxy composite materials is modeled and analyzed using FEA software. The results show the composite leaf springs experience 47% lower stresses, 25-65% higher stiffness, and 27-67% higher frequency compared to steel, while achieving a 73-80% weight reduction.
This document discusses a study investigating the optical absorption properties of a van der Waals heterostructure composed of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and phosphorene. The results show that individual MoS2 and phosphorene absorb in some parts of the visible spectrum, while their heterostructure absorbs strongly across the entire visible spectrum from 410-780nm. This is due to a redshift phenomenon where absorption is increased at longer wavelengths. Additionally, the heterostructure is found to have a type-II band alignment ideal for optoelectronic applications such as solar energy conversion.
This document summarizes a study on developing lightweight magnesium alloy bipolar plates coated with corrosion-resistant metals for use in direct borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cells (DBPFCs). Bare magnesium alloy plates were found to corrode too quickly in the fuel cell's operating environments. Gold, silver, and chromium were evaluated as coating materials. Gold-coated plates exhibited the lowest interfacial contact resistance and no corrosion in hydrogen peroxide testing. In single-cell tests, the gold-coated magnesium plates achieved the highest power density of 141 mW/cm2, outperforming conventional graphite plates. Silver-coated plates also achieved high performance but were found to decompose hydrogen peroxide. The gold-
Presentation on Higher Order Analysis of Steel Space Framesonkar vaidya
- The document discusses different methods of analyzing steel space frames, including first order elastic analysis (FOEA), second order elastic analysis (SOEA), first order inelastic analysis (FOIA), and second order inelastic analysis (SOIA).
- Higher order analyses like SOIA provide more accurate results by accounting for effects like geometric non-linearity, material non-linearity, and P-delta effects, but are more complex. Previous studies aimed to simplify these methods for practical use.
- The author analyzes sample steel frames using different analytical methods and loading combinations in the software MASTAN to validate results and develop relationships between analysis methods for direct use in design. Section sizes are determined and compared using elastic and
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the movement of metallic particles in gas insulated busduct systems due to electric fields. It presents analytical, finite difference, and finite element methods to model the electric fields and calculate particle trajectories. Simulation results show that aluminum and copper particle movement increases with higher voltages. The maximum radial movement is 10.75mm at 220kV and 35.66mm at 600kV using different field calculation methods.
Effect of adding titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) on structure, elastic moduli, Vickers hardness, internal friction, electrical
resistivity and thermal properties of tin-antimony-lead and tin-aluminum bearing alloys have been investigated. Elastic modulus, Vickers
hardness and thermal diffusivity of Sn87Sb10Pb3 and Sn80Al20 alloys increased after adding TiO2 nanoparticles. Internal friction, thermal
conductivity and specific heat of Sn87Sb10Pb3 and Sn80Al20 alloys varied after adding TiO2 nanoparticles. Adding titanium oxide nanoparticles
improved bearing properties, such as strengthens and internal friction of Sn87Sb10Pb3 and Sn80Al20 alloys. The Sn85.5Sb10Pb3(TiO2)1.5 alloy has
best properties for automotive industry. Also Sn78.5Al20(TiO2)1.5 alloy has best properties for marine applications.
A Front Surface Optimization Study for Photovoltaic ApplicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the front surface of silicon solar cells to reduce reflectance through antireflection coatings and surface texturing. Silicon nitride films were deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and hot-wire chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates, and showed weighted average reflectances of 1.5% and 1.8% respectively. Random pyramid surface textures were formed on silicon using potassium hydroxide etching for 30 minutes, achieving low reflectance. Combining the optimized silicon nitride coatings with the textured surfaces further reduced weighted average reflectances to 1.5% for PECVD and 1.8% for HWCVD coatings.
First principles study of electronic, elastic and thermal properties of b2 ty...Alexander Decker
This document reports on a first principles study of the electronic, elastic, and thermal properties of RECd (RE = La, Ce, and Pr) intermetallic compounds using density functional theory. The compounds were found to be metallic in nature. Elastic constants were calculated and satisfied mechanical stability criteria, though values have not been experimentally measured. Among the compounds, PrCd was predicted to be most ductile based on its bulk to shear modulus ratio. Thermal properties like Debye temperature were also derived from the calculated elastic constants. This study provides the first theoretical predictions of elastic properties of these RECd intermetallic compounds.
This document discusses the modeling and analysis of laminated composite leaf springs to replace conventional steel leaf springs. It aims to reduce weight while maintaining load capacity and stiffness. A mono leaf spring made of E-glass/epoxy, S-glass/epoxy, or carbon/epoxy composite materials is modeled and analyzed using FEA software. The results show the composite leaf springs experience 47% lower stresses, 25-65% higher stiffness, and 27-67% higher frequency compared to steel, while achieving a 73-80% weight reduction.
This document discusses a study investigating the optical absorption properties of a van der Waals heterostructure composed of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and phosphorene. The results show that individual MoS2 and phosphorene absorb in some parts of the visible spectrum, while their heterostructure absorbs strongly across the entire visible spectrum from 410-780nm. This is due to a redshift phenomenon where absorption is increased at longer wavelengths. Additionally, the heterostructure is found to have a type-II band alignment ideal for optoelectronic applications such as solar energy conversion.
This document summarizes a study on developing lightweight magnesium alloy bipolar plates coated with corrosion-resistant metals for use in direct borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cells (DBPFCs). Bare magnesium alloy plates were found to corrode too quickly in the fuel cell's operating environments. Gold, silver, and chromium were evaluated as coating materials. Gold-coated plates exhibited the lowest interfacial contact resistance and no corrosion in hydrogen peroxide testing. In single-cell tests, the gold-coated magnesium plates achieved the highest power density of 141 mW/cm2, outperforming conventional graphite plates. Silver-coated plates also achieved high performance but were found to decompose hydrogen peroxide. The gold-
Presentation on Higher Order Analysis of Steel Space Framesonkar vaidya
- The document discusses different methods of analyzing steel space frames, including first order elastic analysis (FOEA), second order elastic analysis (SOEA), first order inelastic analysis (FOIA), and second order inelastic analysis (SOIA).
- Higher order analyses like SOIA provide more accurate results by accounting for effects like geometric non-linearity, material non-linearity, and P-delta effects, but are more complex. Previous studies aimed to simplify these methods for practical use.
- The author analyzes sample steel frames using different analytical methods and loading combinations in the software MASTAN to validate results and develop relationships between analysis methods for direct use in design. Section sizes are determined and compared using elastic and
The document describes the design of a custom cryptographic processor for implementing symmetric key operations. The processor is implemented on an FPGA using Verilog. It includes instruction units to perform logical operations, arithmetic operations, and finite field arithmetic needed for symmetric key algorithms like AES, Blowfish, RC5, RC6, IDEA. The processor is pipelined for high speed and includes modules for an ALU, control unit, registers, and multiplexers. Experimental results showed the processor operates at high speed with low area and delay compared to a general purpose processor.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document describes a genetic algorithm approach to optimizing the design of steel-concrete composite plane frames to minimize cost. Key points:
- The algorithm uses genetic algorithms to determine the optimal sizes of composite beams and columns that minimize total frame cost while satisfying strength, serviceability, and other design constraints.
- Design variables are the cross-sectional properties of beams and columns. The algorithm evaluates candidate designs, analyzes the frame, and checks if designs satisfy constraints.
- The best designs are kept in subsequent generations while weaker designs are removed, simulating natural selection. This process iterates to find the optimal composite frame design.
- The approach is demonstrated on 2x3 and 2x5 frame examples,
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document analyzes water quality parameters of the Vaigai River in Tamil Nadu, India. Samples were collected from three locations along the river on a monthly basis and tested for total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and magnesium. The results found that two of the sampling locations had water quality issues like high dissolved solids and magnesium that require treatment for drinking. Water quality was generally better during monsoon seasons with more rainfall. The study aims to evaluate the river's water resources and classify them for different uses.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document analyzes friction stir welding tools with various threaded pin profiles. Three tool pin profiles are modeled in CATIA and analyzed using ANSYS: cylindrical, frustum, and conical pins with threads. The stress distributions and displacement vectors in the pins are obtained for different rotational speeds and temperatures. The results show that the cylindrical pin profile experiences the lowest stress levels and displacement compared to the other profiles. Increasing rotational speed does not significantly affect the stress, while higher temperatures generally increase stress across all pin profiles. The cylindrical pin profile is determined to be preferable for withstanding loads during friction stir welding.
This document summarizes two GPU programming models - Accelerator and CUDA. It describes the basic steps in Accelerator programming including creating data arrays, loading them into data-parallel array objects, processing the arrays using Accelerator operations, creating a result object, and evaluating the result on a target processor. It also provides an example code showing the use of ParallelArrays and FloatParallelArray objects. The document then briefly introduces CUDA as a parallel computing platform and programming model for GPUs that provides lower and higher-level APIs.
This document analyzes the performance of different directional antennas for various routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. It compares omni-directional, steerable, and switched beam antennas using the DSR, OLSR, and ZRP routing protocols in terms of average jitter, end-to-end delay, throughput, and power consumption. The document outlines the characteristics and operation of each antenna type and routing protocol. It then describes the simulation setup using the QualNet simulator to evaluate and compare the performance of the antennas with the different routing protocols under various mobility scenarios.
This document presents a method for interactive image segmentation using constrained active contours. It begins with an overview of existing interactive segmentation techniques, including boundary-based methods like active contours/snakes and region-based methods like random walks and graph cuts. The proposed method initializes a contour using region-based segmentation then refines it using a convex active contour model that incorporates both regional information from seed pixels and boundary smoothness. This allows the contour to globally evolve to object boundaries while handling topology changes.
The document summarizes research on synthesizing and characterizing fluorinated yttrium barium copper oxide (Y3Ba5Cu8Oy) superconducting compounds. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the compounds had an orthorhombic structure similar to YBa2Cu3O7, with a larger 'c' axis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the grain size increased with higher fluorine content. Transition temperature measurements found the superconducting transition onset temperature increased with fluorine addition up to 0.6, likely due to optimization of oxygen stoichiometry, but saturated beyond that point due to disturbance of the optimum oxygen level. Overall, fluorine doping improved the superconducting properties of the samples.
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanorods doped with copper (Cu) for application in photonic devices. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the as-prepared CdS:Cu nanorods were a mixture of hexagonal and cubic phases, with preferential growth of the (100) plane. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed garland-like nanorod structures consisting of cubic and hexagonal particles, with hexagonal particles confirming the hexagonal phase of CdS. The CdS:Cu nanorods exhibited a red shift in absorption compared to undoped CdS, indicating quantum confinement effects due to Cu doping.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones en 12 pasos para crear un perfil de LinkedIn en otro idioma. Comienza con iniciar sesión en LinkedIn y acceder al perfil propio. Luego, se selecciona la opción "Crear un perfil en otro idioma" y se elige el nuevo idioma deseado, como Inglés. Finalmente, se edita y agrega el contenido al nuevo perfil en el idioma seleccionado.
Harmonic analysis of composite propeller for marine applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract
Present work proposes a harmonic analysis to design a propeller with a metal composite material to analyze its displacements and natural frequencies using Ansys software. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of composite over metals, harmonic analysis is performed on both composite and metal propellers using Ansys. Proposed method shows substantial improvements in composite propeller over the metal propellers. From the results of harmonic analysis, it was found that composite propeller is safe against resonance phenomenon. In this paper effort is made to reduce frequency of the composite propeller so that advantage of weight reduction can be obtained. The comparison analysis of metallic and composite propeller has been made for the maximum displacements and the response graphs for the displacements and frequency were plotted. Keywords: Composite Propeller, Natural frequency, Harmonic analysis, FEA
Harmonic analysis of composite propeller for marine applicationseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document describes the design of a custom cryptographic processor for implementing symmetric key operations. The processor is implemented on an FPGA using Verilog. It includes instruction units to perform logical operations, arithmetic operations, and finite field arithmetic needed for symmetric key algorithms like AES, Blowfish, RC5, RC6, IDEA. The processor is pipelined for high speed and includes modules for an ALU, control unit, registers, and multiplexers. Experimental results showed the processor operates at high speed with low area and delay compared to a general purpose processor.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document describes a genetic algorithm approach to optimizing the design of steel-concrete composite plane frames to minimize cost. Key points:
- The algorithm uses genetic algorithms to determine the optimal sizes of composite beams and columns that minimize total frame cost while satisfying strength, serviceability, and other design constraints.
- Design variables are the cross-sectional properties of beams and columns. The algorithm evaluates candidate designs, analyzes the frame, and checks if designs satisfy constraints.
- The best designs are kept in subsequent generations while weaker designs are removed, simulating natural selection. This process iterates to find the optimal composite frame design.
- The approach is demonstrated on 2x3 and 2x5 frame examples,
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document analyzes water quality parameters of the Vaigai River in Tamil Nadu, India. Samples were collected from three locations along the river on a monthly basis and tested for total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and magnesium. The results found that two of the sampling locations had water quality issues like high dissolved solids and magnesium that require treatment for drinking. Water quality was generally better during monsoon seasons with more rainfall. The study aims to evaluate the river's water resources and classify them for different uses.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document analyzes friction stir welding tools with various threaded pin profiles. Three tool pin profiles are modeled in CATIA and analyzed using ANSYS: cylindrical, frustum, and conical pins with threads. The stress distributions and displacement vectors in the pins are obtained for different rotational speeds and temperatures. The results show that the cylindrical pin profile experiences the lowest stress levels and displacement compared to the other profiles. Increasing rotational speed does not significantly affect the stress, while higher temperatures generally increase stress across all pin profiles. The cylindrical pin profile is determined to be preferable for withstanding loads during friction stir welding.
This document summarizes two GPU programming models - Accelerator and CUDA. It describes the basic steps in Accelerator programming including creating data arrays, loading them into data-parallel array objects, processing the arrays using Accelerator operations, creating a result object, and evaluating the result on a target processor. It also provides an example code showing the use of ParallelArrays and FloatParallelArray objects. The document then briefly introduces CUDA as a parallel computing platform and programming model for GPUs that provides lower and higher-level APIs.
This document analyzes the performance of different directional antennas for various routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. It compares omni-directional, steerable, and switched beam antennas using the DSR, OLSR, and ZRP routing protocols in terms of average jitter, end-to-end delay, throughput, and power consumption. The document outlines the characteristics and operation of each antenna type and routing protocol. It then describes the simulation setup using the QualNet simulator to evaluate and compare the performance of the antennas with the different routing protocols under various mobility scenarios.
This document presents a method for interactive image segmentation using constrained active contours. It begins with an overview of existing interactive segmentation techniques, including boundary-based methods like active contours/snakes and region-based methods like random walks and graph cuts. The proposed method initializes a contour using region-based segmentation then refines it using a convex active contour model that incorporates both regional information from seed pixels and boundary smoothness. This allows the contour to globally evolve to object boundaries while handling topology changes.
The document summarizes research on synthesizing and characterizing fluorinated yttrium barium copper oxide (Y3Ba5Cu8Oy) superconducting compounds. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the compounds had an orthorhombic structure similar to YBa2Cu3O7, with a larger 'c' axis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the grain size increased with higher fluorine content. Transition temperature measurements found the superconducting transition onset temperature increased with fluorine addition up to 0.6, likely due to optimization of oxygen stoichiometry, but saturated beyond that point due to disturbance of the optimum oxygen level. Overall, fluorine doping improved the superconducting properties of the samples.
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanorods doped with copper (Cu) for application in photonic devices. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the as-prepared CdS:Cu nanorods were a mixture of hexagonal and cubic phases, with preferential growth of the (100) plane. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed garland-like nanorod structures consisting of cubic and hexagonal particles, with hexagonal particles confirming the hexagonal phase of CdS. The CdS:Cu nanorods exhibited a red shift in absorption compared to undoped CdS, indicating quantum confinement effects due to Cu doping.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones en 12 pasos para crear un perfil de LinkedIn en otro idioma. Comienza con iniciar sesión en LinkedIn y acceder al perfil propio. Luego, se selecciona la opción "Crear un perfil en otro idioma" y se elige el nuevo idioma deseado, como Inglés. Finalmente, se edita y agrega el contenido al nuevo perfil en el idioma seleccionado.
Harmonic analysis of composite propeller for marine applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract
Present work proposes a harmonic analysis to design a propeller with a metal composite material to analyze its displacements and natural frequencies using Ansys software. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of composite over metals, harmonic analysis is performed on both composite and metal propellers using Ansys. Proposed method shows substantial improvements in composite propeller over the metal propellers. From the results of harmonic analysis, it was found that composite propeller is safe against resonance phenomenon. In this paper effort is made to reduce frequency of the composite propeller so that advantage of weight reduction can be obtained. The comparison analysis of metallic and composite propeller has been made for the maximum displacements and the response graphs for the displacements and frequency were plotted. Keywords: Composite Propeller, Natural frequency, Harmonic analysis, FEA
Harmonic analysis of composite propeller for marine applicationseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
1) The document describes modeling and analyzing a composite propeller blade for an underwater vehicle using finite element analysis in ANSYS.
2) A propeller model was created in CATIA and meshed in HYPERMESH. Static, modal, and harmonic analyses were performed on aluminum and composite propeller models with varying layer numbers.
3) For the composite propeller, interlaminar shear stresses increased with additional layers while maximum deflections and stresses remained stable. The results for both materials were found to be within elastic limits.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the structural performance of a propeller blade made of composite material compared to one made of nickel aluminum bronze (NAB) metal. Finite element analysis was used to model and analyze both materials. The results showed that the composite blade experienced lower maximum von Mises stress (44.032 MPa vs. 125.484 MPa) and deflection (0.897 mm vs. 0.597 mm) compared to the NAB blade under the same loading conditions. Modal analysis also found that the natural frequencies of the composite blade were around 22% higher than the NAB blade. Therefore, replacing NAB with composite material improved the structural performance and stiffness of the propeller blade.
COMPARISON OF ALUMINUM & COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR SHIP PROPELLER USING FEAIjripublishers Ijri
Ships and underwater vehicles like submarine and torpedoes use propeller for propulsion. In general, propellers are
used to develop significant thrust to propel the vehicle at its operational speed and RPM. The blade geometry and design
are complex involving many controlling parameters. Propeller with conventional isotropic materials creates more vibration
and noise in their operation. It is undesirable in stealth point of view. In the recent years the increased need for
light weight structural element with acoustic insulation has led to the use of fiber reinforced multi layered composite
propeller. The present work is aimed at the static and dynamic analysis of alluminium as well as composite propeller
which is a combination of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) and CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) materials.
Modeling and analyzing the propeller blade of a underwater vehicle for their strength are carried out in the present
work. A propeller is a complex geometry and requires high end modeling in its software. The solid model of propeller is
developed in CATIA V5 R17. HEXA mesh is generated for the model using HYPERMESH. Static, Eigen and frequency
responses analysis of both alluminium and composite propeller are carried out in ANSYS. Inter laminar shear stresses
are calculated for composite propeller by varying the number of layers. The stresses obtained are well within the limit of
elastic property of the materials. The natural frequencies of composite propeller are found to be higher than that of alluminium
propeller and the harmonic analysis of composite propeller are also better than that of alluminium propeller.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes the modeling and analysis of a spur gear for a sugarcane juice machine using finite element analysis. The goal is to replace the existing cast iron spur gear with a plastic gear made of either nylon or polycarbonate to reduce weight and noise. A 3D model of the spur gear was created in Pro-E software and imported into ANSYS for static load analysis. The stresses and deflections from the analysis will be used to determine the best plastic material that can replace the cast iron gear. Initial calculations show that both nylon and polycarbonate materials meet the allowable stress requirements and are viable alternatives to cast iron for this application.
Determination of Buckling Loads of Wave Spring Using ANSYSIJRES Journal
Special performance characteristics are individually built into each spring to satisfy a variety of precise operating conditions. Typically, a wave spring will occupy an externally small area for the amount of work it performs. The present work deals with the structural analysis of wave and coil spring by modeling the structural behavior of these springs using three dimensional finite elements (FE) software. The design of spring in suspension system is very important. In this work a wave type of spring is designed and a 3D model is created using CREO software. The model is also varied by changing the length of the spring. Structural analysis has been conducted on the wave spring by varying thickness and number of turns. For the analysis, loads are bike weight with single and two persons. The buckling load is then estimated for both Wave spring and coil spring with the same parameters.
Electro-Mechanical Batteries for low earth orbit satellite with hallow cylind...elelijjournal
Electromechanical batteries overcome many problems that may occur when chemical batteries in low orbit satellites (LEO) , In such a configuration of motor generator mode coupling with flywheel is used to store kinetic energy in motor mode through the flywheel during sunlight and supply electrical power from the stored kinetic energy by generator mode.In this paper design of design of Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) using hollow cylindrical flywheel for motor generator mode have been done.Flywheel dimensions and material selection are presented in the paper to achieve optimum weight with the required supplied power.
IRJET- Structural and Vibration Analysis of Propeller Blade in Small AircraftIRJET Journal
This study analyzed the structural and vibration characteristics of propeller blades made from aluminum alloy and carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite material. Finite element analysis was conducted in ABAQUS to evaluate stress and modal analysis under different loading conditions. For stress analysis, the maximum displacement was found to be 22.38mm for aluminum and 93.33mm for composite, while the maximum stress was 167MPa and 94MPa respectively. Modal analysis determined the first eight natural frequencies and mode shapes. The natural frequencies were approximately half as high for composite compared to aluminum across all modes. The study provides a comparison of propeller blade performance and vibration characteristics for different materials.
Design of Naca63215 Airfoil for a Wind TurbineIOSR Journals
1. The document describes the design of an airfoil and winglet for a wind turbine blade to improve efficiency and reduce noise. NACA 63-215 airfoil profile is selected for analysis.
2. The blade is modeled in Pro/E and Hypermesh software. Sections are created along the blade length with variations to the standard design. A winglet is proposed to be added to the blade tip to further increase efficiency and reduce noise during operation.
3. The existing blade design and a modified design with a winglet added to the tip are compared using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the results.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Design and Analysis of Helical Spring in Two Wheeler Suspension System using ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the design and finite element analysis of helical springs used in the suspension systems of two-wheel vehicles. It discusses modeling a helical spring for a motorcycle in Creo Parametric and analyzing it in ANSYS for stress and deformation. Three spring profiles - circular, square, and square fillet - are analyzed statically and their stresses and displacements are compared. The results show that the square fillet profile experiences lower stresses and deformations compared to the other profiles, indicating it provides better performance for the suspension system. The study aims to optimize helical spring design through analyzing different profiles using finite element analysis.
IRJETI Comparison of RC Beam-Column Joint with GFRC Beam-Column Joint using S...IRJET Journal
This study compares reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints to glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam-column joints using finite element analysis in ANSYS. A corner beam-column joint from a two-story building was modeled in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS under 10 N/mm and 20 N/mm loads. The GFRC joint showed significantly less deformation than the RC joint, with deformations reduced by 4-6% when using GFRC. Therefore, using GFRC can improve joint performance by reducing deformations.
The document analyzes and compares steel and composite mono leaf springs. A steel leaf spring for a light commercial vehicle is used as a baseline. A composite mono leaf spring is fabricated from E-glass fiber/epoxy composite using hand layup with fiber orientations of [0/45/0/45]s. Static testing shows the composite leaf spring experiences 53.06% lower stress than steel at full load, has higher stiffness, and weighs 74.49% less than steel. Fatigue life analysis using the Hwang and Han model predicts the composite leaf spring can withstand over 100,000 cycles at a stress level of 0.43, whereas steel is estimated to reach fatigue failure around 100,000 cycles at 510 MPa
Determination of Fatigue Life of Surface Propeller by Using Finite Element An...sawan kumar
This document summarizes research on modeling and analyzing the fatigue life of a surface propeller using finite element analysis. The propeller was modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ABAQUS to determine stresses and fatigue life. Static structural testing was conducted by varying material properties, and fatigue analysis was performed to analyze the safety factor. Carbon UD/epoxy composite was identified as the best performing material based on the static and fatigue analyses, as it experienced less stress than aluminum. The analyses showed that a composite material propeller would have a longer fatigue life than a metal propeller.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Different Characteristics of Hollow and Sol...IRJET Journal
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Cavitation in marine propellers has adverse effects such as noise, erosion and vibrations which result in loss of lift and increase in drag. The radiated noise level of any form of cavitation is of the order of magnitude higher than the noise level of non-cavitating flow. This is used by navy ships to detect and locate other ships. Cavitation has to be discouraged from stealth point of view. Generally marine propellers are made with NAB. The NAB propeller can be replaced with the composite propeller which has intrinsic bend-twist coupling for performance enhancement.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
1. Dr.Y.Seetharama Rao, B.Sridhar Reddy / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1785-1787
Modal Analysis Of Composite Propeller For Ships Application
Dr.Y.SEETHARAMA RAO*, B.SRIDHAR REDDY*
*(Dept of Mechanical Engineering,G.V.P College Of Engineering,Visakhapatanam-48,Andhrapradesh,India)
ABSTRACT
Present work proposes a modal analysis calculations of the stresses resulting from these forces
to design a propeller with a metal and composite is extremely difficult.
material to analyze its natural frequencies and
mode shapes using ANSYS software. In order to The modal analysis of propeller blade with
evaluate the effectiveness of composite over aluminum and composite propeller is carried out in
metals, modal analysis is performed on both the present work. The objective of this work is to
composite and metal propellers using ANSYS. compare the natural frequencies of the composite and
Proposed method shows substantial improvements metal propeller.
in composite propeller over the metal
propeller.From the results of modal analysis 2. LITERATURE REVIEW:
composite propeller is safe against resonance The application of composite materials
phenomenon. In this paper effort is made to technology to marine architecture has increased with
reduce frequency of the composite propeller so particular benefits of its light weight, less noise and
that advantage of weight reduction can be pressure fluctuation and less fuel consumption[1].The
obtained. The comparison analysis of metallic and finite element method is so popular and has been
composite propeller has been made for the natural used by many researchers[2].The technology
frequencies. advances and the costs of composites are becoming
cheaper[3].Moreover composites can offer the
Keywords: Composite Propeller, Natural potential benefits of reduced corrosion and cavitation
frequency, Modal analysis, FEA damage, improved fatigue performance, lower noise,
improved material damping properties and reduced
1. INTRODUCTION: life time maintenance costs[4].Changes to the tensile
Fibre reinforced plastic(FRP) is extensively and flexure properties of marine-grade glass –
applied in various structures because of its light reinforced polyster, vinylster and resole phenolic
weight, high strength and corrosion resistance. Bend- composites after exposure to radiant heat are
twist coupling effect is another unique characteristic investigated[5].When using the Genetic Algorithm
of composite material. Structures can be stiffened or approach, some techniques for parameter setting to
deformed in a certain direction by arranging the provide quick and correct results were discussed
orientation of the fibres. along with the influence of these parameters[6].The
Most marine propellers are made of metal numerical results are in aggrement with experimental
material such as bronze or steel. The advantage of data and the general characteristics of the propeller
replacing metal with an FRP composite is that the flow seem to be quite well predicted[7].A strong
latter is lighter and corrosion resistant. Another correlation was identified between the divergence
important advantage is the deformation of the ship speed and the change in the tip pitch angle of the
composite propeller can be controlled to improve its blades in brief communication static divergence of
performance. Propellers always rotate at constant self twisting composite rotors. The methodology used
velocities that maximize the efficiency of the engine. is equally applicable to other structures such as tidal
When the ship sails at designed speed, the inflow and wind turbines[8].Taylor[9] considered a propeller
angle is close to its pitch angle. When the ship sails at blade as a cantilever rigid at the boss. Chang
a lower speed, the inflow angle is smaller. Hence, the Suplee[10] investigated the main sources of propeller
pressure on the propeller increases as the ship speed blade failure and resolved the problems related to
decreases. blades symmetrically. G.H.M.Beek[11] examined the
The propeller is an important component for interference between the stress conditions in the
the safe operation of ship at sea. It is therefore propeller blade and the hub. Gau Fenglin[12] carried
important to ensure that ship propeller must have out stress calculations for fibre reinforced composite
adequate strength to with stand the forces that act thrust blade.
upon them. The forces that act on propeller blade
arises from thrust, torque of the propeller and the 3. MODELING OF PROPELLER:
centrifugal forces on each blade caused by its Modeling of the propeller has been done by
revolution around the axis. Owing to somewhat using CATIA V5R17. In order to model the blade, it
complex shape of propeller blades, the accurate is necessary to have sections of the propeller at
various radii. These sections are drawn and rotated
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2. Dr.Y.Seetharama Rao, B.Sridhar Reddy / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1785-1787
through their respective pitch angles. Then all rotated
sections are projected on to right circular cylinders of
respective radii. Finally the propeller is modeled by
using four noded quadrilateral shell element and is
converted into a solid model.
3.1. MESH GENERATION USING HYPER
MESH:
The solid model is imported to Hyper mesh Fig.2 Propeller FE model in ANSYS boundary
10.0 and hexahedral mesh is generated for the same. conditions
The composite propeller meshed model is shown in
Fig.1.2D mesh is generated by splitting the areas and 4. MODAL ANALYSIS:
then converted into 3D mesh using the tool linear It computes the natural frequencies and the
solid. The number of elements created is 27388 and mode shapes of a propeller. The natural frequencies
number of nodes created is 52412. Now the pressures are the frequencies at which a propeller will tend to
are applied on the propeller which is obtained from vibrate when it is subjected to a disturbance.
FLUENT 6.3. Then the meshed model is imported In normal mode analysis there is no applied
into the ANSYS. Solid 45 element is selected for load and the structure has no damping properties. The
aluminum metal and solid 46 element type is selected equation of motion is of the form:
for composite propeller.
Table 1. Material Properties: ----(1)
S2Glass where [K] and [M] are the stiffness and
Aluminium mass matrices representing the elastic and inertial
fabric/Epoxy
properties of the structure respectively
Young’s modulus E= Assuming a harmonic solution, the above reduces to
Ex=22.925Gpa an eigenvalue problem.
70000 MPa
[K-i M]{ I}=0 ----(2)
Ey=22.925Gpa Poisson’s ratio NUXY=0.34 Where {ϕ}is the eigenvector (or mode
shape) corresponding to the eigenvalue (the
Ez=12.4Gpa Mass density =2700 kg/m3 natural or characteristic frequency).
NUXY =0.12 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
Damping co-efficient =0.03 Modal analysis is carried out for Aluminum
NUYZ=0.2 propeller, and composite propeller using Block
Lanczos method. This analysis does not represents
NUZX=0.2 the response due to any loading but yields by natural
frequencies and corresponding mode shapes in the
form of Eigen vectors of the propeller when there is
Gxy=4.7Gpa
no dissipation of energy due to damping. In short cut
it is the analysis of undamped free vibration of
Gyz=Gzx =4.2Gpa
propeller in the absence of damping and applied
loads. First ten natural frequencies are obtained for
ρ =1.8gm/cc
Aluminum and composite propeller as shown in
Table 2. The Natural frequency of Aluminum and
composite propeller were shown in Fig.3.
Modal analysis results show that the first
critical speed of Aluminum propeller is 1312 Hz and
next critical speed is 1322 Hz and are tabled in table
2. The tenth mode shapes obtained in Modal analysis
are shown in Fig.4.
Modal analysis results show that the first
critical speed of composite propeller is 763.64 Hz
Fig.1 Composite propeller meshed model and next critical speed is 765.03 Hz and are tabled in
Table 2. The tenth mode shapes obtained in Modal
3.2 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND LOADS: analysis are shown in Fig5. The natural frequencies
The propeller is fixed in all directions at hub of Aluminum and composite propeller are compared.
and shaft intersection. The pressure is applied to the The natural frequencies of Aluminum materials were
propeller which is obtained from the FLUENT 6.3. found 41% more. Even though the natural
The boundary conditions are shown in Fig.2 frequencies are reduced in composite still they are
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3. Dr.Y.Seetharama Rao, B.Sridhar Reddy / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1785-1787
more than the operating frequency(31Hz).The weight natural frequencies of Aluminium propeller
of the composite propeller is 42% less than were found 41 % more than the composite
Aluminium propeller. propeller.
Table 2. Comparison of natural frequency of 3. The weight of the composite propeller is 42
Aluminum and composite propeller % less than the Aluminium propeller.
Natural frequencies Natural frequencies 4. This study helps in predicting the operating
S.No of Aluminum of Composite frequency of the propeller.
propeller in Hz propeller in Hz
1 1312 763.64 REFERENCES:
2 1322 765.03 [1] J.F.Tsai, H.J.L.a., Analysis of Underwater
3 1322 765.03 Free Vibrations of a Composite Propeller
4 1322.5 765.45 Blade. Journal of Reinforced Plastics And
5 2120.3 1294.6 Composites, 2008. Vol. 27, No. 5: p. 447-
6 2127.3 1295.7 458.
7 2127.3 1295.7 [2] H.J.Lin , W.M.L.a.Y.M.K., effect of
8 2129.1 1296.2 stacking sequence om nonlinear hydroelastic
9 2982.8 1787.2 behavior composite propeller Journal of
10 3114.6 1801.5 Mechanics, 2010. Vol. 26, No. 3: p. 293-
COMPARISON
298.
3500
[3] Toshio Yamatogi, H.M., Kiyoshi
3000
Uzawa,Kazuro Kageya, Study on Cavitation
Erosion of Composite Materials for Marine
NATURAL FREQUENCY
2500
2000
Propeller. 2010.
1500
COMPOSITE
METAL [4] Young, Y.L., Fluid–structure interaction
1000
analysis of flexible composite marine
500
propellers. Journal of Fluids and Structures,
0
2008. 24(6): p.799-818.
0 2 4 6
NO OF MODES
8 10 12
[5] A.P. Mouritz, Z.M, Post fibre mechanical
properties of marine polymer composites,
Fig.3 Natural frequency of Aluminum and composite Elseveir science Ltd,2000,47:p.643-653.
propeller [6] Chang j.h, Y.S. Shih, Basic design of series
propeller with vibration consideration by
genetic algorithm, Journal of Marine
Science and Technology,2007.12(3),119-
129.
[7] Amoraripei M, Predection of marine
propeller performance using RANS,
Numerical analysis and Applied
Mathematics, International
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[8] Liu Z,Y L Young, Static divergence of self
Fig.4 Tenth mode shape of Aluminium Propeller twisting composite rotors, journal of fluids
and structures, 2010,26(5),841-847.
[9] Taylor,D.W, “The speed and power of
ships”, Washington,1933.
[10] Chang-sup lee, yong-jik kim,gun-do kim
and in-sik nho.“Case Study on the Structural
Failure of Marine Propeller Blades”
Aeronautical Journal, Jan 1972, pp87-98
[11] G.H.M.Beek, visitor, Lips B.V., Drunen.
“Hub-Blade Interaction In Propeller
Strength”, the society of naval architects
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pp 19-1-19-14.
6. CONCLUSIONS: [12] Gau-Feng Lin “Three Dimensional Stress
1. Modal analysis shows that the first critical Analysis of a Fiber Reinforced Composite
speed of Aluminium propeller is 1312 Hz Thruster Blade”, the society of naval
and next critical speed is 1322 Hz. architects and marine engineers ,1991.
2. The natural frequencies of aluminium and
composite propeller were compared. The
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