Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage IJECEIAES
Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Design Fabrication and Static Analysis of Single Composite Lap Jointijsrd.com
Mechanically fastened joints are critical parts in composite aircraft structures. The composite structural members are highly used in the following applications such as aerospace, automobiles, marine, architecture etc., In the past decades, Adhesive bonding is a practical joint method for joining composite materials which provide low shear and Tensile strength .To improve the strength material joint is to be used in the work. A Glass fibre Epoxy composite is to be fabricated by hand lay-up method. And experimentally results are to be obtained. The Experimental results are to be compared with Analytical and Numerical results. For numerical analysis ANSYS software is to be used.
Stress Analysis of FRP Composite Cylinder with Closed EndsIOSR Journals
Composite cylinders made of a polymer matrix such as epoxy reinforced with glass or carbon fibers possess extremely high strength. Proper modeling of FRP composite cylinder is very essential for many applications. FRP composite cylinders are commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, marine and construction industries. The present work is to study the variation of stressesat the top end, middle and bottom end portions of a composite cylinder by varying the diameter to thickness ratio(S) and fiber angle (θ).The four layered angle ply (θ0/-θ0/-θ0/θ0) composite cylinder is considered forthe present work and behavior of each portion (Top end, middle and Bottom end) is studied.For the present work composite cylinder is modeled in ANSYS and analysis was carried out using numerical software. It isfound thatthe increment of stress takes place linearly with respect to D/t ratio due to reduction in thickness of the layer.The critical fiber angle is 45⁰ to 60⁰ as it offers high resistance against axial and circumferential deformation in middle and end portions.
Investigation of Tribological Behaviour of GF Filled Peek Composite under the...IJERA Editor
Composite materials have successfully substituted the traditional materials in several light weight and high
strength applications. The reasons why composites are selected for such applications are mainly their high
strength-to-weight ratio, high tensile strength at elevated temperatures, high creep resistance and high
toughness. Therefore minimum Wear of component or part used in machinery is very important factor for the
industry. In this paper the tribological behavior of PEEK (Poly-ether-ether-ketone) composites reinforced by
30% short glass fiber and phosphor bronze were comparatively evaluated on Pin on disc machine. The effect of
three parameters such as temperature, load and sliding distance on Wear loss of PEEK composites reinforced by
30% short glass fiber and phosphor bronze were examined. The detailed mathematical model is simulated by
Minitab 17 and simulation results fit experiment data very well
In this investigation, an effective approach based on Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA),
multivariable linear regression (MVLR), has been developed to determine the optimum conditions leading to
minimum Wear. Experiments were conducted by varying temperature, load and sliding distance using L9
orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The present work aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve
minimum Wear. Experimental results from the orthogonal array were used as the training data for the MVLR
model to map the relationship between process parameters and Wear. The experiment was conducted on
computerized Pin on Disc machine. It was observed that PEEK 30% Glass Fiber Composite Polymer has
excellent wear resistance compare to Phosphor bronze at elevated temperature.
Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage IJECEIAES
Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Design Fabrication and Static Analysis of Single Composite Lap Jointijsrd.com
Mechanically fastened joints are critical parts in composite aircraft structures. The composite structural members are highly used in the following applications such as aerospace, automobiles, marine, architecture etc., In the past decades, Adhesive bonding is a practical joint method for joining composite materials which provide low shear and Tensile strength .To improve the strength material joint is to be used in the work. A Glass fibre Epoxy composite is to be fabricated by hand lay-up method. And experimentally results are to be obtained. The Experimental results are to be compared with Analytical and Numerical results. For numerical analysis ANSYS software is to be used.
Stress Analysis of FRP Composite Cylinder with Closed EndsIOSR Journals
Composite cylinders made of a polymer matrix such as epoxy reinforced with glass or carbon fibers possess extremely high strength. Proper modeling of FRP composite cylinder is very essential for many applications. FRP composite cylinders are commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, marine and construction industries. The present work is to study the variation of stressesat the top end, middle and bottom end portions of a composite cylinder by varying the diameter to thickness ratio(S) and fiber angle (θ).The four layered angle ply (θ0/-θ0/-θ0/θ0) composite cylinder is considered forthe present work and behavior of each portion (Top end, middle and Bottom end) is studied.For the present work composite cylinder is modeled in ANSYS and analysis was carried out using numerical software. It isfound thatthe increment of stress takes place linearly with respect to D/t ratio due to reduction in thickness of the layer.The critical fiber angle is 45⁰ to 60⁰ as it offers high resistance against axial and circumferential deformation in middle and end portions.
Investigation of Tribological Behaviour of GF Filled Peek Composite under the...IJERA Editor
Composite materials have successfully substituted the traditional materials in several light weight and high
strength applications. The reasons why composites are selected for such applications are mainly their high
strength-to-weight ratio, high tensile strength at elevated temperatures, high creep resistance and high
toughness. Therefore minimum Wear of component or part used in machinery is very important factor for the
industry. In this paper the tribological behavior of PEEK (Poly-ether-ether-ketone) composites reinforced by
30% short glass fiber and phosphor bronze were comparatively evaluated on Pin on disc machine. The effect of
three parameters such as temperature, load and sliding distance on Wear loss of PEEK composites reinforced by
30% short glass fiber and phosphor bronze were examined. The detailed mathematical model is simulated by
Minitab 17 and simulation results fit experiment data very well
In this investigation, an effective approach based on Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA),
multivariable linear regression (MVLR), has been developed to determine the optimum conditions leading to
minimum Wear. Experiments were conducted by varying temperature, load and sliding distance using L9
orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The present work aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve
minimum Wear. Experimental results from the orthogonal array were used as the training data for the MVLR
model to map the relationship between process parameters and Wear. The experiment was conducted on
computerized Pin on Disc machine. It was observed that PEEK 30% Glass Fiber Composite Polymer has
excellent wear resistance compare to Phosphor bronze at elevated temperature.
Vibrations and fatigue- vibration interactions of laminated composites.Padmanabhan Krishnan
This slide show describes the vibrations and fatigue vibrations characteristics of laminated composites like glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and their hybrids.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SIC AL2O3FILLED GLASS EPOXY COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
In the present study, glass-epoxy based composites were fabricated by filling with nano size SiC and Al2O3 filler particles. The hand lay-up approach was used for fabrication of random oriented short E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites filled with SiC and Al2O3 powder particles. The volume percentage of filler materials in the composites were varied, SiC was varied from 0, 5 and 10%, whereas Al2O3 was kept constant at 5%. Mechanical characterization were studied effectively. The filled and unfilled SiC and Al2O3particles, were tested for micro-hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength in according with ASTM standards. It was observed from the studies that using particles as fillers improved the mechanical properties of the E-glass fibre substantially.
Study and Analysis on Mechanical and Wear Behavior of SiC Filled Epoxy Compositepaperpublications3
Abstract: Silicon carbide possesses ample reinforcing potential to be used as a filler material in polymer matrix composites. Successful fabrication of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles is possible by simple hand-lay-up technique. These composites possess very low amount of porosity and improved micro-hardness, also it provide slightly superior tensile, flexural and inter-laminar shear strengths than those of the neat epoxy. This study reveals that silicon carbide possesses good filler characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the polymeric resin. Dry sliding wear characteristics of these composites have been gainfully analysed using a design-of-experiment approach based on Taguchi method. The analysis of experimental results shows that factors like filler content, sliding velocity and normal load, in this sequence, are identified as the significant factors affecting the specific wear rate of the composites under investigation. The silicon carbide-epoxy composites fabricated and experimented upon in this investigation are found to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in wear prone environment. When wear is not the predominant degrading factor, epoxy without silicon carbide can be recommended. However, the weight fraction of filler in the composite is to be decided from the view point of required strength. If the place of use is hostile with sliding wear situations, then silicon carbide epoxy composites are to be preferred due to their fairly good wear resistance. Use of these composites may be suggested in applications like engineering structures in dusty environment and low cost building materials in desert.
Effect of Nanoparticles on E-Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin CompositesIJMER
In the present work fabrication of composite material(E-Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin +
NANO CaCO3) was carried out and their tensile properties viz tensile strength, tensile
strain(%),young's modulus, energy at maximum load and brihnall hardness number were found.
Specimens of E-Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin) hybrid composites are prepared with four different
compositions of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3), viz., 0,3,5 and 7%.Each specimen consisting of
40%GF. The specimens are prepared by hand lay up method.. Tests are conducted on these specimens
to determine the tensile strength, tensile strain, young's modulus energy at maximum load and
hardness number at room temperature using universal testing machine and Brihnell hardness testing
machine. The influence of the nano-CaCO3 content on the mechanical properties tensile of hybrid
composites was studied. It is found that the reinforcing and toughening effects of the E-Glass epoxy
hybrid composites are increased by adding nano-CaCO3.The tensile strength, tensile strain, young’s
modulus and energy at max load of these composites increased nonlinearly with the addition of the
nano-CaCO3
Hybrid polymer composites are the materials made by combining two or more
different type of fibers in a matrix. Hybrid polymer composite material offers the
designer to obtain the required properties in a controlled considerable extent by the
choice of fibers and matrix. The properties are tailored in the material by selecting
different kinds of fiber incorporated in the same resin matrix. They offer wide range of
properties that cannot be obtained with a single type of reinforcement. Due to its high
specific strengths, high specific modulus, low densities, light weight etc. based on its
applications. Presently they are playing a vital role in aerospace, defence, transport,
sport applications. Worldwide researches are keenly interested in finding out their
behavior in real life exposed to various environmental conditions, variety of loads etc.
In this paper, We fabricated carbon, e-glass and hybrid composites by using hand
layup technique in uni-directional orientation with epoxy as a matrix material and
conducted various tests such as tensile, compression on Universal Testing Machine
(UTM) and hardness. The results are validated with FEA and observed that Al-6061-
T6 which is used in manufacturing of military aircraft landing mats, truck bodies and
frames etc. has a tensile strength of about 310.25Mpa.The tensile strength of hybrid
fiber is 341Mpa which is higher than Al 6061-T6. We have compared the
experimental results with ansys results and found that the experimental values are
very close to the ansys results. But when compared within the fibers carbon fiber
exhibited more strength when compared to other fibers
Effect of fibers on Hybrid Matrix CompositesIJERA Editor
Frictional co-efficient, impact quality; dielectric quality and compound resistance examination of bamboo/glass strands strengthened epoxy half breed composites were considered. Two distinctive crossover composites, for example, treated and untreated bamboo filaments were manufactured and impact of soluble base treatment of the bamboo strands on these properties were additionally concentrated on. It was watched that, effect quality and frictional co-proficient properties of the half and half composites increment with expansion in glass fiber content. These properties observed to be higher when salt treated bamboo filaments were utilized as a part of the half breed composites. It is watched that, concoction resistance was fundamentally increments for all chemicals with the exception of carbon tetrachloride. The disposal of nebulous hemi-cellulose with salt treatment prompting higher crystallinity of the bamboo filaments with antacid treatment may in charge of these perceptions. The impact of salt treatment on the holding between glass/bamboo composites was additionally concentrated on. Checking electron magnifying lens (SEM) were additionally directed on the cross segments of broke surfaces with a specific end goal to rate the execution crossover composites were likewise conferred bear natural products
Design and Analysis of Bolted Joint in Composite LaminatedIJMER
In this work plate was designed for single and four bolted joint with two different materials such as mild steel and E-glass fiber. The aim of this work is to examine the distribution of tensile and crushing stress among the different bolts by changing material of plates and bolt. The bolted joints for mild steel plate and composite laminate were analyzed by using FEA. The result shows that tensile stress and crushing stress is less for composite laminate compare to mild steel .It is concluded that Weight reduction of structure is also achieved for e-glass fiber structure. The stress concentration was reduced in composite laminate bolted joints compare to mild steel so this will improve strength of structure.
Static Analysis of Single Lap Joint of Composite Materialsijsrd.com
Mechanically fastened joints are critical parts in composite aircraft structures. The composite structural members are highly used in the following applications such as aerospace, automobiles, marine, architecture etc., In the past decades, adhesive bonding is a practical joint method for joining composite materials which provide low shear and tensile strength .To improve the tensile strength, the joint is made with material joint. Glass Fiber/Chopped strands mat and Bi-Directional fly / Epoxy composite is fabricated by hand lay-up method. The tensile properties of the material joint are obtained and compared with that of bolted joint. The experimental results shows that the material joint has superior tensile properties than the bolted joint and the Bi-Directional fly composite exhibits superior tensile strength than the chopped strands mat. Finite element analysis also done and compared with the experimental results and found to be similar.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SEM ANALYSIS OF GLASS/NYLON/JUTE REINFORCED EPOXY H...IAEME Publication
Now-a-days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Attempts have been made in this project work to study the effect of fibre loading on the physical, mechanical and water absorption behavior of glass/nylon/jute fibre reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites and it’s fabricated by hydraulic press technique. Work has been carried out to investigate the flexural properties, tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and water absorption test of the composites and compared with glass and epoxy composite. It has been observed that the tensile properties, flexural properties and hardness increase with the increase in the weight fraction of natural fibers to certain extent. The morphology of composites is studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Damping Of Composite Material Structures with Riveted JointsIJMER
Vibration and noise reduction are crucial in maintaining high performance level and
prolonging the useful life of machinery, automobiles, aerodynamic and spacecraft structures. It is
observed that damping in materials occur due to energy release due to micro-slips along frictional
interfaces and due to varying strain regions and interaction between the metals. But it was found
that the damping effect in metals is quite small that it can be neglected. Damping in metals is due to
the micro-slips along frictional interfaces. Composites, however, have better damping properties
than structural metals and cannot be neglected. Typically, the range of composite damping begins
where the best damped metal stops.In the present work, theoretical analysis was done on various
polymer matrix composite (glass fibre polyesters) with riveted joints by varying initial conditions.
Strain energy loss was calculated to calculate the damping in composites. Using FEA model, load
variation w.r.t time was observed and the strain energy loss calculated was utilised in finding the
material damping for Carbon fibre epoxy with riveted joints. Various simulations were performed in
ANSYS and these results were utilised to calculate the loss factor, Rayleigh‘s damping constants
and logarithmic decrement.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Vibrations and fatigue- vibration interactions of laminated composites.Padmanabhan Krishnan
This slide show describes the vibrations and fatigue vibrations characteristics of laminated composites like glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and their hybrids.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SIC AL2O3FILLED GLASS EPOXY COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
In the present study, glass-epoxy based composites were fabricated by filling with nano size SiC and Al2O3 filler particles. The hand lay-up approach was used for fabrication of random oriented short E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites filled with SiC and Al2O3 powder particles. The volume percentage of filler materials in the composites were varied, SiC was varied from 0, 5 and 10%, whereas Al2O3 was kept constant at 5%. Mechanical characterization were studied effectively. The filled and unfilled SiC and Al2O3particles, were tested for micro-hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength in according with ASTM standards. It was observed from the studies that using particles as fillers improved the mechanical properties of the E-glass fibre substantially.
Study and Analysis on Mechanical and Wear Behavior of SiC Filled Epoxy Compositepaperpublications3
Abstract: Silicon carbide possesses ample reinforcing potential to be used as a filler material in polymer matrix composites. Successful fabrication of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles is possible by simple hand-lay-up technique. These composites possess very low amount of porosity and improved micro-hardness, also it provide slightly superior tensile, flexural and inter-laminar shear strengths than those of the neat epoxy. This study reveals that silicon carbide possesses good filler characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the polymeric resin. Dry sliding wear characteristics of these composites have been gainfully analysed using a design-of-experiment approach based on Taguchi method. The analysis of experimental results shows that factors like filler content, sliding velocity and normal load, in this sequence, are identified as the significant factors affecting the specific wear rate of the composites under investigation. The silicon carbide-epoxy composites fabricated and experimented upon in this investigation are found to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in wear prone environment. When wear is not the predominant degrading factor, epoxy without silicon carbide can be recommended. However, the weight fraction of filler in the composite is to be decided from the view point of required strength. If the place of use is hostile with sliding wear situations, then silicon carbide epoxy composites are to be preferred due to their fairly good wear resistance. Use of these composites may be suggested in applications like engineering structures in dusty environment and low cost building materials in desert.
Effect of Nanoparticles on E-Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin CompositesIJMER
In the present work fabrication of composite material(E-Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin +
NANO CaCO3) was carried out and their tensile properties viz tensile strength, tensile
strain(%),young's modulus, energy at maximum load and brihnall hardness number were found.
Specimens of E-Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin) hybrid composites are prepared with four different
compositions of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3), viz., 0,3,5 and 7%.Each specimen consisting of
40%GF. The specimens are prepared by hand lay up method.. Tests are conducted on these specimens
to determine the tensile strength, tensile strain, young's modulus energy at maximum load and
hardness number at room temperature using universal testing machine and Brihnell hardness testing
machine. The influence of the nano-CaCO3 content on the mechanical properties tensile of hybrid
composites was studied. It is found that the reinforcing and toughening effects of the E-Glass epoxy
hybrid composites are increased by adding nano-CaCO3.The tensile strength, tensile strain, young’s
modulus and energy at max load of these composites increased nonlinearly with the addition of the
nano-CaCO3
Hybrid polymer composites are the materials made by combining two or more
different type of fibers in a matrix. Hybrid polymer composite material offers the
designer to obtain the required properties in a controlled considerable extent by the
choice of fibers and matrix. The properties are tailored in the material by selecting
different kinds of fiber incorporated in the same resin matrix. They offer wide range of
properties that cannot be obtained with a single type of reinforcement. Due to its high
specific strengths, high specific modulus, low densities, light weight etc. based on its
applications. Presently they are playing a vital role in aerospace, defence, transport,
sport applications. Worldwide researches are keenly interested in finding out their
behavior in real life exposed to various environmental conditions, variety of loads etc.
In this paper, We fabricated carbon, e-glass and hybrid composites by using hand
layup technique in uni-directional orientation with epoxy as a matrix material and
conducted various tests such as tensile, compression on Universal Testing Machine
(UTM) and hardness. The results are validated with FEA and observed that Al-6061-
T6 which is used in manufacturing of military aircraft landing mats, truck bodies and
frames etc. has a tensile strength of about 310.25Mpa.The tensile strength of hybrid
fiber is 341Mpa which is higher than Al 6061-T6. We have compared the
experimental results with ansys results and found that the experimental values are
very close to the ansys results. But when compared within the fibers carbon fiber
exhibited more strength when compared to other fibers
Effect of fibers on Hybrid Matrix CompositesIJERA Editor
Frictional co-efficient, impact quality; dielectric quality and compound resistance examination of bamboo/glass strands strengthened epoxy half breed composites were considered. Two distinctive crossover composites, for example, treated and untreated bamboo filaments were manufactured and impact of soluble base treatment of the bamboo strands on these properties were additionally concentrated on. It was watched that, effect quality and frictional co-proficient properties of the half and half composites increment with expansion in glass fiber content. These properties observed to be higher when salt treated bamboo filaments were utilized as a part of the half breed composites. It is watched that, concoction resistance was fundamentally increments for all chemicals with the exception of carbon tetrachloride. The disposal of nebulous hemi-cellulose with salt treatment prompting higher crystallinity of the bamboo filaments with antacid treatment may in charge of these perceptions. The impact of salt treatment on the holding between glass/bamboo composites was additionally concentrated on. Checking electron magnifying lens (SEM) were additionally directed on the cross segments of broke surfaces with a specific end goal to rate the execution crossover composites were likewise conferred bear natural products
Design and Analysis of Bolted Joint in Composite LaminatedIJMER
In this work plate was designed for single and four bolted joint with two different materials such as mild steel and E-glass fiber. The aim of this work is to examine the distribution of tensile and crushing stress among the different bolts by changing material of plates and bolt. The bolted joints for mild steel plate and composite laminate were analyzed by using FEA. The result shows that tensile stress and crushing stress is less for composite laminate compare to mild steel .It is concluded that Weight reduction of structure is also achieved for e-glass fiber structure. The stress concentration was reduced in composite laminate bolted joints compare to mild steel so this will improve strength of structure.
Static Analysis of Single Lap Joint of Composite Materialsijsrd.com
Mechanically fastened joints are critical parts in composite aircraft structures. The composite structural members are highly used in the following applications such as aerospace, automobiles, marine, architecture etc., In the past decades, adhesive bonding is a practical joint method for joining composite materials which provide low shear and tensile strength .To improve the tensile strength, the joint is made with material joint. Glass Fiber/Chopped strands mat and Bi-Directional fly / Epoxy composite is fabricated by hand lay-up method. The tensile properties of the material joint are obtained and compared with that of bolted joint. The experimental results shows that the material joint has superior tensile properties than the bolted joint and the Bi-Directional fly composite exhibits superior tensile strength than the chopped strands mat. Finite element analysis also done and compared with the experimental results and found to be similar.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SEM ANALYSIS OF GLASS/NYLON/JUTE REINFORCED EPOXY H...IAEME Publication
Now-a-days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Attempts have been made in this project work to study the effect of fibre loading on the physical, mechanical and water absorption behavior of glass/nylon/jute fibre reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites and it’s fabricated by hydraulic press technique. Work has been carried out to investigate the flexural properties, tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and water absorption test of the composites and compared with glass and epoxy composite. It has been observed that the tensile properties, flexural properties and hardness increase with the increase in the weight fraction of natural fibers to certain extent. The morphology of composites is studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Damping Of Composite Material Structures with Riveted JointsIJMER
Vibration and noise reduction are crucial in maintaining high performance level and
prolonging the useful life of machinery, automobiles, aerodynamic and spacecraft structures. It is
observed that damping in materials occur due to energy release due to micro-slips along frictional
interfaces and due to varying strain regions and interaction between the metals. But it was found
that the damping effect in metals is quite small that it can be neglected. Damping in metals is due to
the micro-slips along frictional interfaces. Composites, however, have better damping properties
than structural metals and cannot be neglected. Typically, the range of composite damping begins
where the best damped metal stops.In the present work, theoretical analysis was done on various
polymer matrix composite (glass fibre polyesters) with riveted joints by varying initial conditions.
Strain energy loss was calculated to calculate the damping in composites. Using FEA model, load
variation w.r.t time was observed and the strain energy loss calculated was utilised in finding the
material damping for Carbon fibre epoxy with riveted joints. Various simulations were performed in
ANSYS and these results were utilised to calculate the loss factor, Rayleigh‘s damping constants
and logarithmic decrement.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. Modeling and analysis of hybrid composite
strip with bolted joint using FEM
PRESENTED BY
SHANAWAZ KHAN.M (Reg. No. 312811114042)
SIVA.A (Reg. No. 312811114045)
SURESH.M (Reg. No. 312811114310)
Under the Guidance of,
Mr. RAMESH.R M.E., (Supervisor)
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Agni College of Technology,
Chennai- 603 130.
1
2. Composite materials are materials made from two or more constituent materials
with significantly different physical structure and chemical properties.
In this project, we made a composite plate by mixing three fibres of different
physical and chemical properties. These fibres are held together by epoxy resin
along with little amount of hardener which acts as binding agent.
The composite plate after manufacturing is cut into rectangular strips in reference to
ASTM standard. Of these ,two rectangular strips are made together as lap joint
which is done by bolt and nut assembly.
Tensile test and bending moment test are executed in the fiber reinforced strips.
2
ABSTRACT
3. By getting the result, we can analyse the strength of this composite joints and can
be applied in the area where conventional metals is used.
Using this composite joint in place of metals can considerably reduce the weight
and it is free of corrosiveness which is the drawback for most of the metal joints.
This is can be applied mostly in aero ship manufacturing where the ultimate aim is
to reduce weight and increase the strength of the materials used.FEM analysis is
done in ANSYS version [15,work bench].
3
ABSTRACT
4. 4
LETTER DESIGNATION PROPERTY OR
CHARACTERISTIC
E, electrical Low electrical conductivity
S, strength High strength
C, chemical High chemical durability
M, modulus High stiffness
A, alkali High alkali or soda lime glass
D, dielectric Low dielectric constant
TYPES OF GLASS FIBERS
5. LITRATURE REVIEW
S.VENKATESWARLU 1,K.RAJASEKHAR 2“ANALYSIS OF
SINGLE RIVET COMPOSITE JOINT” PUBLISHED IN IOSR
JOURNAL OF MECHANICALAND CIVIL ENGINEERING, PP 01-
06 concluded that, The shear stress with hybrid joint has less value of
stress and also the glass Fibre reinforced plastic material the cost is less
than other composite material. The stress induced by using ansys is less
than the material allowable stress. It was found that a well designed hybrid
joint is very efficient when compared to bonded, riveted joints in case of
repair situation in aircraft structures. The GFRP strength is less than that of
the CFRP strength .
5
6. TP.SATHISHKUMAR,J.NAVEEN,S.SATHEESHKUMAR “HYBRID FIBER
REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES” IN JOURNAL OF
REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES reported that ,The polymer
matrix composites have been widely used for many applications. These are light in
weight and easy for manufacturing. The hybrid fiber reinforced composites have
been prepared to enhance the mechanical, thermal, damping properties compared to
single-fiber reinforced composites. The fiber reinforced hybrid composites consist
of two or more fiber in a matrix system. The different fibers were reinforced with
suitable matrix for preparing the hybrid composites using various manufacturing
methodology.
6
LITRATURE REVIEW
7. A-GLASS FIBER:
It is called as Alkali-lime glass with little or no boron oxide fiber. If SiO2 is heated
above 1200°C/2192°F then cooled ambient, it crystallizes and becomes quartz.
Glass is produced by altering the temperature and cool down rates. If pure SiO2 is
heated to 1720°C/3128°F then cooled quickly, crystallization can be prevented and
the process yields the amorphous or randomly ordered atomic structure we know as
glass.
Today’s glass fiber manufacturers combine this high heat/quick cool strategy with
other steps in a process
7
A-GLASS FIBER
8. E-Glass or electrical grade glass was originally developed for stand off
insulators for electrical wiring.
It was later found to have excellent fibre forming capabilities and is now used
almost exclusively as the reinforcing phase in the material commonly known as
fibreglasses-Glass.
Low alkali glass with a typical nominal composition of SiO2 54wt%,
Al2O314wt%, CaO+MgO 22wt%, B2O3 10wt% and Na2O+K2O less then 2wt%.
Some other materials may also be present at impurity levels.
8
E-GLASS FIBER
10. The term hybrid effect has been used to describe the phenomenon of an apparent
synergistic improvement in the properties of a composite containing two or more
types of fibre .
The selection of the components that make up the hybrid composite is determined
by the purpose of hybridization, requirements imposed on the material or the
construction being designed.
The problem of selecting the type of compatible fibres and the level of their
properties is of prime importance when designing and producing hybrid
composites..
10
HYBRID COMPOSITES
11. Epoxy resins, also known as polyepoxides are a class of
reactive prepolymer and polymers which contain epoxide groups.
Epoxy resins may be reacted (cross-linked) either with themselves through
catalytic homo polymerisation, or with a wide range of co-reactants including poly
functional amines, acids (and acid anhydrides), phenols, alcohols, and thiols.
Reaction of polyepoxides with themselves or with poly functional hardeners forms
a thermo setting polymer, often with strong mechanical properties as well as high
temperature and chemical resistance.
11
EPOXY RESIN
12. Curing may be achieved by reacting an epoxy with itself (homopolymerisation) or by
forming a copolymer with polyfunctional curatives or hardeners.
In principle, any molecule containing a reactive hydrogen may react with the
epoxide groups of the epoxy resin.
Applications of these epoxy resin hardeners extend over to casting, impregnation,
lamination and many others.
Harderner used : HY 957
Chemical Name : Triethylene tetra mine
Molecular Formula : C6H18N4
12
HARDERNER
13. For E- glass fiber:
i. Young’s modulus = 75 Gpa
ii. Shear modulus = 33 Gpa
iii. Poisson’s ratio = 0.23
For Epoxy resin:
i. Young’s modulus = 25 Gpa
ii. Shear modulus = 4 Gpa
iii. Poisson’s ratio = 0.20
13
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
14. 14
Epoxy Resin
- LY 556 Epoxy Resin
- HY 957 Hardner
HARDNER AND RESIN PICTURES
15. 15
Material Selection &
Materials Details
Volume of Material
Needed
Hand Layout Method
curing
Machining process
Testing
Result
FLOW CHART OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
16. 16
s.no Name of the material Quantity
1 Glass fibre woven rovings- 360 GSM ½ KG
2 Glass fibre woven rowings- 600 GSM 1 KG
3 Glass fibre E-CLASS – 450 GSM 1 KG
4 Epoxy resin 2 lts
5 Hardner 25 ml
MATERIALS AND QUANTITY
17. A die is made with the dimension of length 30cm,breath 30cm and thickness 6 mm
is taken.
This die is filled with three different layers of fibre mixed with resin by HAND
LAYOUT METHOD without allowing any air bubbles.
Hardner used acts as a binding agent to hold fibre and resin strongly.
The epoxy resin and hardner are mixed in the ratio of 100:12
Then this setup is left at room temperature for 48 hrs – 56 hrs for setting.
17
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
21. According to ASME(American Society of Mechanical Engineering),
the square plate(30*30cm) is cut to the dimensions of length –
30cm,breath-23.5cm.
A hole is drilled at a distance of 2 cm from any one end exactly at the
centre of the plate and riveted with another plate of similar geometric
structure.
Thus two composite plate is riveted and executed for following test:
I) Bending Stress & ii) Tensile Stress
21
ANALYSIS AND TESTING
22. 22
Final Assembly Of A
Composite Bolted Join
Manufactured Fiber
Reinforced Plate
26. Since we manufactured the plate in hand layout there will be slight deviation in the
thickness of the plate through out the area of the palte.a graph representing the
variation in the thickness is given below.
26
6.2
6.5
6.6 6.6
6.7
6.9
6.6
6.5 6.5
6.4
5.8
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Thickness vs Design points
thickness
27. COMPUTATIONALANALYSIS OF FEM:
27
2-D Diagram
Material property
3-D modelling in solid
works
Assembly
Load constrain and
solve for result
Import IGES file and
apply mesh
Convert into IGES file
28. S.no Properties unit
1 Tensile strength 3445 Mpa
2 Compressive strength 1080 Mpa
3 density 2.58 g/cm3
4 Thermal expansion 5.4 µm/moc
28
Properties of E-glass fiber
29. 29
LOAD CONSTRAIN FOR BENDING MOMENT:
we are going to find 3 point bending moment,so select the load point over the joint of two strips. Here
point A and B are fixed support and point C is load point.
30. 30
Load constrain for tensile load:
For finding ultimate strength for tensile load,keep the end A as fixed and applying
loaat end B. Then maximum tesile load is given in opposite direction till we get the
break event point.
31. ANSYS RESULTS:
FOR FLUCTURAL LOAD:
31
Equivalent elastic strain is maximum at the edges and
decreases towards the center.
32. 32
We get uneven stress value throughout the lentgh of the strips which is shown in figure.
33. 33
Strain energy for bending load is shown in figure which is maximum at the edges and minimum
at the center areas.
36. 36
Equivalent stress for tensile is small throughout the
area of the strip which is shown in figure.
37. CONCLUSION
Thus we conclude that,the ultimate strength of hybrid composite joint is greater
than normal composite joint. From the analysis,the break even point for tensile
load is 4.34 KN and break even point for fluctural load is 1.27KN.
The replacement of composite materials has resulted in considerable amount
of weight reduction about 60 % when compared to conventional mild steel plates.
the same geometry, plates with E-Glass Fiber have better strength.
The life the joint is increased because of high resistance to corrosion,
resistance to chemical attack, high stiffness to weight ratio and high strength to
weight ratio of E-Glass fiber.
The shear stress with hybrid joint has less value of stress and also the glass
Fibre reinforced plastic material the cost is less than other composite material.
It was found that a well designed hybrid joint is very efficient when
compared to bonded, riveted joints in case of repair situation in aircraft structures.
37
38. [1]. Noah M. Salih1, Mahesh J. Patil 2, Hybrid (Bonded/Bolted) Composite Single-
Lap Joints And Its Load Transfer Analysis, International Journal of Advanced
Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945 IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue I/January-March,
2012/213-216.
[2]. Ch. Aswini Kumar1, G. Pattabhi2, S.Santosh3, I. Bhanu Latha4, Analysis of
Adhesively Bonded Double Lap Joint in Laminated FRP Composites Subjected To
Longitudinal Loading, international journal of engineering science & advanced
technology volume-2, issue-2, 307 – 316 ijesat | Mar-Apr 2012.
[3]. Vincentcaccesse, Richard newer, until s. vel detection of bolt load loss in hybrid
composite.metalboltedconnectionselseiver engineering structures 26(2004) 895-
906.
38
REFERENCES
39. [4]. W. Hufenbach a, L.A. Dobrzański b, M. Gude a, J. Konieczny b, A. Czulak a,
Optimisation of the rivet joints of the CFRP Composite material and aluminum
alloy, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering,
volume 20 issues 1-2 January- February 2007.
[5]. M.A. McCarthy*, C.T. McCarthy, Finite Element Analysis Of The Effects Of
clearance On Single-Shear, Composite Bolted Joints, Journal of Plastics, Rubber
and Composites, The Institute of Materials, London, UK, Vol. 32, No. 2, in-press.
[6]. Proceedings of the “National Conference on Emerging Trends In Mechanical
Engineering 2k13” 122 NCETIME – 2k13 Design Of Hybrid Composite Joints For
Research Area S. Lokesha and H. Mohita a Student, Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Anna University, Chennai-28
39