The document describes various archaeological sites across North America that were occupied or constructed by indigenous peoples between 100 BCE and 1000 CE. Many of the sites feature conical burial mounds and earthworks built by the Adena, Hopewell, Swift Creek, and Marksville cultures. The sites range geographically from Ohio and West Virginia in the northeast to Louisiana, Georgia, and Mississippi in the southeast.
The document provides information about the district of Hilo on the island of Hawaii. It discusses the boundaries of Hilo, notable regions within Hilo including Hilo Hanakahi and Hilo One. It also discusses the winds and frequent rain in Hilo and includes several traditional sayings that reference the rainy climate. Additional details are given about the soil quality, population size, history of settlement, and an annual hula festival called the Merrie Monarch Festival.
This document provides information on various places, characters, and cultural concepts from Hawaiian legends, history, and traditions. It includes definitions and brief descriptions of terms like 'Iwa, 'Umi, 'Awa, and various Hawaiian place names such as Waipi'o, Makapu'u, and Kumukahi. The document conveys background information on important figures, locations, plants, and cultural practices that were part of ancient Hawaiian life.
This document provides definitions and translations for over 30 place names from across the Hawaiian islands, primarily from the islands of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai. Many of the place names refer to geographic features like valleys, streams, villages, and coastal areas. The definitions provide the literal translation of the names and sometimes brief contextual information about the places. The place names and their definitions are drawn from the reference book Place Names of Hawaii by Pukui, Elbert, and Moʻokini.
This document summarizes place names from the Hawaiian islands and their meanings or significance. Many of the place names are associated with the demigod Kamapua'a and stories about him. The places mentioned span the main Hawaiian islands and include valleys, streams, hills, coastlines, and volcanic areas. The summaries provide brief translations and origins for the place names.
This document provides an overview of Hawaiian environmental and land division concepts. It defines environmental kinship as the relationship between people and the environment they live in. It then discusses important Hawaiian environmental elements like land ('āina), sea (kai), and water (wai). It also describes local wind and rain conditions. The document explains the traditional Hawaiian land division system from the largest (mokupuni/island) to the smallest ('ili/small land area within an ahupua'a). It provides details on the components of an ahupua'a, the basic land division that extends from the mountains to the sea. It concludes with a definition of wahi pana, places of natural, cultural or historical significance
This document contains summaries of place names from across Hawaii. It provides the meanings and locations of places such as Līhuʻe on Kauai, meaning "cold chill", Waiʻanae, a land division on Oahu meaning "mullet water", and Kaunakakai, the principal town on Molokai meaning "beach landing". Over 50 place names from the Hawaiian islands are defined in the document.
This document contains notes from a Hawaiian studies class on chapters 4-10 of the text Mokuna IV - X. It includes summaries and analysis of passages, explanations of cultural concepts like heiau (ancient Hawaiian places of worship) and oli (chants), and definitions and stories related to various Hawaiian place names. The document synthesizes information from the class readings and discussions on traditional Hawaiian literature, culture, and history.
This document summarizes parts of a legend about Kawelo from Hawaiian history and culture. It includes Kawelo's chant to Kamalama urging him to retreat from battle and warning him to beware. It also lists several place names from Kauai mentioned in the legend, including mountains, peaks, streams, and valleys, along with their meanings or historical significance.
The document provides information about the district of Hilo on the island of Hawaii. It discusses the boundaries of Hilo, notable regions within Hilo including Hilo Hanakahi and Hilo One. It also discusses the winds and frequent rain in Hilo and includes several traditional sayings that reference the rainy climate. Additional details are given about the soil quality, population size, history of settlement, and an annual hula festival called the Merrie Monarch Festival.
This document provides information on various places, characters, and cultural concepts from Hawaiian legends, history, and traditions. It includes definitions and brief descriptions of terms like 'Iwa, 'Umi, 'Awa, and various Hawaiian place names such as Waipi'o, Makapu'u, and Kumukahi. The document conveys background information on important figures, locations, plants, and cultural practices that were part of ancient Hawaiian life.
This document provides definitions and translations for over 30 place names from across the Hawaiian islands, primarily from the islands of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai. Many of the place names refer to geographic features like valleys, streams, villages, and coastal areas. The definitions provide the literal translation of the names and sometimes brief contextual information about the places. The place names and their definitions are drawn from the reference book Place Names of Hawaii by Pukui, Elbert, and Moʻokini.
This document summarizes place names from the Hawaiian islands and their meanings or significance. Many of the place names are associated with the demigod Kamapua'a and stories about him. The places mentioned span the main Hawaiian islands and include valleys, streams, hills, coastlines, and volcanic areas. The summaries provide brief translations and origins for the place names.
This document provides an overview of Hawaiian environmental and land division concepts. It defines environmental kinship as the relationship between people and the environment they live in. It then discusses important Hawaiian environmental elements like land ('āina), sea (kai), and water (wai). It also describes local wind and rain conditions. The document explains the traditional Hawaiian land division system from the largest (mokupuni/island) to the smallest ('ili/small land area within an ahupua'a). It provides details on the components of an ahupua'a, the basic land division that extends from the mountains to the sea. It concludes with a definition of wahi pana, places of natural, cultural or historical significance
This document contains summaries of place names from across Hawaii. It provides the meanings and locations of places such as Līhuʻe on Kauai, meaning "cold chill", Waiʻanae, a land division on Oahu meaning "mullet water", and Kaunakakai, the principal town on Molokai meaning "beach landing". Over 50 place names from the Hawaiian islands are defined in the document.
This document contains notes from a Hawaiian studies class on chapters 4-10 of the text Mokuna IV - X. It includes summaries and analysis of passages, explanations of cultural concepts like heiau (ancient Hawaiian places of worship) and oli (chants), and definitions and stories related to various Hawaiian place names. The document synthesizes information from the class readings and discussions on traditional Hawaiian literature, culture, and history.
This document summarizes parts of a legend about Kawelo from Hawaiian history and culture. It includes Kawelo's chant to Kamalama urging him to retreat from battle and warning him to beware. It also lists several place names from Kauai mentioned in the legend, including mountains, peaks, streams, and valleys, along with their meanings or historical significance.
This license document summarizes the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1. The LGPL is intended to guarantee users' freedom to share and modify specially designated free software libraries, while allowing them to be used in non-free programs under certain conditions. It protects developers' work by requiring proper attribution and sharing of source code for any modifications.
Get to grips with the new multi-screen travel consumerGina Baillie
Mobile, tablets, desktop - consumers are flitting from device to device. How can travel brands respond? Where should they invest? What do consumers really want from their mobile interactions with travel brands?
Heng Hiap Industries Sdn Bhd is a Malaysian plastics company that was approved for a RM3,745,000 CRDF 4(a) grant in January 2009 to commercialize locally developed R&D in plastic waste recycling and production of high performance resins. The company converts scrap plastic into standard base blends and high performance plastic resins using proprietary technology. Between 2010-2012, Heng Hiap Industries received several prestigious awards including the Enterprise 50 Award in 2010, a Gold Award at the International Quality Summit in 2011, the PUMM Green Award and Platinum Enterprise Award in 2011, and The Outstanding Young Malaysian award in 2012.
The document discusses elastomers and reinforced plastics. It defines elastomers as polymers with elastic properties and describes common elastomers like natural rubber, synthetic rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers. It also discusses the manufacturing processes for elastomers including polymerization, compounding, extrusion, molding, and curing. For reinforced plastics, it describes common reinforcing fibers like glass, carbon, and aramid fibers and the processes used to manufacture fiber reinforced plastics like resin transfer molding. It compares the advantages of fiber reinforced plastics to metals and discusses applications of these materials in Pakistan.
The document describes rack and pinion gears. A rack and pinion system uses two gears - a pinion gear which is circular, and a rack gear which is flat. The pinion gear engages with the teeth on the rack gear to convert rotational motion into linear motion or vice versa. Rack and pinion systems are commonly used in steering systems in cars, where the rotation of the steering wheel is converted to linear motion that turns the wheels. The key components of a rack and pinion steering system are the pinion, rack, inner ball joints, tie rods and rubber bellows.
The document discusses various types of ceramics and their manufacturing processes. It describes that slurry infiltration and lay-up are two common methods for manufacturing ceramic matrix composites. Slurry infiltration uses capillary forces to infiltrate a slurry into a porous preform, while lay-up involves winding fibers onto a mandrel and hot pressing to consolidate the material. Ceramic matrix composites produced through these methods can have low porosity and good mechanical properties.
This document provides an overview of Honda Motor Company and Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan Limited. It discusses Honda's history, brand, mission statement, products and services, competitors, goals and strategies. Honda offers a range of automobiles including Accord, Civic and City models, as well as motorcycles, power equipment and pumps. It aims to realize individuals' dreams through innovative products and services, and its mission is to share dreams with others and make them a reality.
This document provides information about deep drawing and sheet metal forming equipment. It discusses the history and definition of deep drawing, the mechanics and process of drawing, types of deep drawing stations like blanking, drawing, piercing and trimming. It also describes the metal flow during drawing, recommended tool materials, lubrication and cooling methods, common defects, advantages and disadvantages of deep drawing. Different applications of deep drawing in Pakistani industry are highlighted. Comparisons are made between deep drawing and superplastic forming. Finally, various metal forming tools and types of forming dies are explained.
This document is a project report submitted by two students, Mohammad Kafee Uddin and Aloukik Mishra, to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering. The report surveys routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and provides a classification of different routing protocols according to their mode of functioning, participation style of nodes, and network structure.
The document describes the iron-iron carbide phase diagram. It shows the different phases that appear with increasing carbon percentage, including ferrite, austenite, pearlite, cementite, and martensite. The diagram indicates three important reactions - the peritectic reaction at 1490°C, the eutectic reaction at 1130°C, and the eutectoid reaction at 723°C. It explains how the microstructure of steels and cast irons depends on the cooling process relative to these phase changes and reactions.
Directrice adjointe de l'Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (Institut de recherche végétale, INRA de Versailles) Françoise Vedèle fait un focus sur la génétique et les effets de l'azote dans la nutrition des plantes.
Este documento presenta Project Online 2013 de Microsoft como una herramienta de gestión de proyectos en la nube. Describe sus funcionalidades clave como la gestión de recursos, la planificación de proyectos, los informes y la colaboración en línea entre equipos distribuidos. También analiza las ventajas de adoptar esta solución en la nube frente a implementar localmente Microsoft Project Server.
The document provides information about the City of Mounds View, Minnesota. It states that Mounds View has a residential population of over 12,000 and over 150 businesses. It is located at the intersection of Interstate 35W and State Highway 10, 10 miles from Minneapolis and St. Paul. Mounds View got its name from the small hills or mounds that once existed in the area but were removed during World War II when the land was used for an arsenal. The Township of Mounds View was established on the same day that Minnesota became a state in 1858. Mounds View is a fully established city that offers amenities while maintaining calm residential neighborhoods.
Anthropologists believe the first humans arrived in North America over 14,000 years ago by crossing the Bering Land Bridge. These early people, known as Paleoindians, left behind distinctive stone tools and spear points at campsites throughout Illinois. Later periods included the Archaic period from around 10,000-3,000 years ago, the Woodland period from 3,000-1,250 years ago, and the Mississippian period from around 500-1500 AD, marked by large earthen mounds. Early explorers like Marquette and Joliet provided details of the natural environment in their journals from the 17th century.
The document discusses Native American mound builders and ancestral Puebloans. It describes how the Adena culture constructed large conical mounds beginning around 600 BCE, making them the earliest known mound builders in the United States. However, some mounds predate the Adena culture, such as Watson Brake in Louisiana from 3500 BCE and Poverty Point from 1700 BCE, which likely served religious purposes. It also mentions the important Grave Creek Mound in West Virginia and the massive Monks Mound at Cahokia in Illinois, as well as Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde National Park.
Anthropology SNHU Mississippian Mound Archeology daria_smithgiraudDaria Smith Giraud
The document discusses the Mississippian culture, which consisted of chiefdoms and trade nations along the Mississippi River from around 1000-1500 CE. Key points include:
- The Mississippian people built large earthen mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes and had advanced trade networks.
- Artifacts found at Mississippian mound sites, such as the Rogan copper plate depicting a "Birdman" figure, show similarities to artifacts of Mesoamerican cultures, indicating cultural connections.
- Research methods used to study the Mississippian culture have included mapping and excavating mound sites to understand site functions and societal roles. New technologies like LiDAR could help discover additional
The document summarizes the early people of Ohio from the first hunter-gatherers who crossed the Bering land bridge to the various mound builder cultures like the Adena, Hopewell, and Fort Ancient. The Adena were the first to build mounds around 3,000 years ago and grew crops. The Hopewell arrived later and built large geometric earthworks, traveled widely, and were skilled craftsmen and traders. The Fort Ancient culture followed and built villages near the Hopewell earthworks before all three cultures disappeared.
This license document summarizes the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1. The LGPL is intended to guarantee users' freedom to share and modify specially designated free software libraries, while allowing them to be used in non-free programs under certain conditions. It protects developers' work by requiring proper attribution and sharing of source code for any modifications.
Get to grips with the new multi-screen travel consumerGina Baillie
Mobile, tablets, desktop - consumers are flitting from device to device. How can travel brands respond? Where should they invest? What do consumers really want from their mobile interactions with travel brands?
Heng Hiap Industries Sdn Bhd is a Malaysian plastics company that was approved for a RM3,745,000 CRDF 4(a) grant in January 2009 to commercialize locally developed R&D in plastic waste recycling and production of high performance resins. The company converts scrap plastic into standard base blends and high performance plastic resins using proprietary technology. Between 2010-2012, Heng Hiap Industries received several prestigious awards including the Enterprise 50 Award in 2010, a Gold Award at the International Quality Summit in 2011, the PUMM Green Award and Platinum Enterprise Award in 2011, and The Outstanding Young Malaysian award in 2012.
The document discusses elastomers and reinforced plastics. It defines elastomers as polymers with elastic properties and describes common elastomers like natural rubber, synthetic rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers. It also discusses the manufacturing processes for elastomers including polymerization, compounding, extrusion, molding, and curing. For reinforced plastics, it describes common reinforcing fibers like glass, carbon, and aramid fibers and the processes used to manufacture fiber reinforced plastics like resin transfer molding. It compares the advantages of fiber reinforced plastics to metals and discusses applications of these materials in Pakistan.
The document describes rack and pinion gears. A rack and pinion system uses two gears - a pinion gear which is circular, and a rack gear which is flat. The pinion gear engages with the teeth on the rack gear to convert rotational motion into linear motion or vice versa. Rack and pinion systems are commonly used in steering systems in cars, where the rotation of the steering wheel is converted to linear motion that turns the wheels. The key components of a rack and pinion steering system are the pinion, rack, inner ball joints, tie rods and rubber bellows.
The document discusses various types of ceramics and their manufacturing processes. It describes that slurry infiltration and lay-up are two common methods for manufacturing ceramic matrix composites. Slurry infiltration uses capillary forces to infiltrate a slurry into a porous preform, while lay-up involves winding fibers onto a mandrel and hot pressing to consolidate the material. Ceramic matrix composites produced through these methods can have low porosity and good mechanical properties.
This document provides an overview of Honda Motor Company and Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan Limited. It discusses Honda's history, brand, mission statement, products and services, competitors, goals and strategies. Honda offers a range of automobiles including Accord, Civic and City models, as well as motorcycles, power equipment and pumps. It aims to realize individuals' dreams through innovative products and services, and its mission is to share dreams with others and make them a reality.
This document provides information about deep drawing and sheet metal forming equipment. It discusses the history and definition of deep drawing, the mechanics and process of drawing, types of deep drawing stations like blanking, drawing, piercing and trimming. It also describes the metal flow during drawing, recommended tool materials, lubrication and cooling methods, common defects, advantages and disadvantages of deep drawing. Different applications of deep drawing in Pakistani industry are highlighted. Comparisons are made between deep drawing and superplastic forming. Finally, various metal forming tools and types of forming dies are explained.
This document is a project report submitted by two students, Mohammad Kafee Uddin and Aloukik Mishra, to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering. The report surveys routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and provides a classification of different routing protocols according to their mode of functioning, participation style of nodes, and network structure.
The document describes the iron-iron carbide phase diagram. It shows the different phases that appear with increasing carbon percentage, including ferrite, austenite, pearlite, cementite, and martensite. The diagram indicates three important reactions - the peritectic reaction at 1490°C, the eutectic reaction at 1130°C, and the eutectoid reaction at 723°C. It explains how the microstructure of steels and cast irons depends on the cooling process relative to these phase changes and reactions.
Directrice adjointe de l'Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (Institut de recherche végétale, INRA de Versailles) Françoise Vedèle fait un focus sur la génétique et les effets de l'azote dans la nutrition des plantes.
Este documento presenta Project Online 2013 de Microsoft como una herramienta de gestión de proyectos en la nube. Describe sus funcionalidades clave como la gestión de recursos, la planificación de proyectos, los informes y la colaboración en línea entre equipos distribuidos. También analiza las ventajas de adoptar esta solución en la nube frente a implementar localmente Microsoft Project Server.
The document provides information about the City of Mounds View, Minnesota. It states that Mounds View has a residential population of over 12,000 and over 150 businesses. It is located at the intersection of Interstate 35W and State Highway 10, 10 miles from Minneapolis and St. Paul. Mounds View got its name from the small hills or mounds that once existed in the area but were removed during World War II when the land was used for an arsenal. The Township of Mounds View was established on the same day that Minnesota became a state in 1858. Mounds View is a fully established city that offers amenities while maintaining calm residential neighborhoods.
Anthropologists believe the first humans arrived in North America over 14,000 years ago by crossing the Bering Land Bridge. These early people, known as Paleoindians, left behind distinctive stone tools and spear points at campsites throughout Illinois. Later periods included the Archaic period from around 10,000-3,000 years ago, the Woodland period from 3,000-1,250 years ago, and the Mississippian period from around 500-1500 AD, marked by large earthen mounds. Early explorers like Marquette and Joliet provided details of the natural environment in their journals from the 17th century.
The document discusses Native American mound builders and ancestral Puebloans. It describes how the Adena culture constructed large conical mounds beginning around 600 BCE, making them the earliest known mound builders in the United States. However, some mounds predate the Adena culture, such as Watson Brake in Louisiana from 3500 BCE and Poverty Point from 1700 BCE, which likely served religious purposes. It also mentions the important Grave Creek Mound in West Virginia and the massive Monks Mound at Cahokia in Illinois, as well as Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde National Park.
Anthropology SNHU Mississippian Mound Archeology daria_smithgiraudDaria Smith Giraud
The document discusses the Mississippian culture, which consisted of chiefdoms and trade nations along the Mississippi River from around 1000-1500 CE. Key points include:
- The Mississippian people built large earthen mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes and had advanced trade networks.
- Artifacts found at Mississippian mound sites, such as the Rogan copper plate depicting a "Birdman" figure, show similarities to artifacts of Mesoamerican cultures, indicating cultural connections.
- Research methods used to study the Mississippian culture have included mapping and excavating mound sites to understand site functions and societal roles. New technologies like LiDAR could help discover additional
The document summarizes the early people of Ohio from the first hunter-gatherers who crossed the Bering land bridge to the various mound builder cultures like the Adena, Hopewell, and Fort Ancient. The Adena were the first to build mounds around 3,000 years ago and grew crops. The Hopewell arrived later and built large geometric earthworks, traveled widely, and were skilled craftsmen and traders. The Fort Ancient culture followed and built villages near the Hopewell earthworks before all three cultures disappeared.
The document summarizes the major migrations and cultures that inhabited the Americas between 10,000 BC to 1500 AD. It describes how ancient Siberians first crossed into Alaska over a land bridge and then spread throughout the Americas. It then outlines several major cultural periods and groups that developed, including the Clovis, Poverty Point, Hopewell, Coles Creek, Hohokam, Mississippian, and Iroquois cultures and their characteristic features such as mound building, irrigation, and confederacy formation.
This document provides a summary of 5 postcards from a US-36 roadtrip from Ohio to Colorado. It describes points of interest along the route such as clay workings in Uhrichsville, Ohio and Zane Shawnee Caverns in Ohio. It also discusses places related to US presidents like Rutherford B. Hayes' birthplace in Delaware, Ohio and sites involving Abraham Lincoln in Illinois. Further locations mentioned include Hannibal, Missouri known for its connection to Mark Twain, and landmarks in Denver, Colorado at the route's end.
The document discusses several Native American cultures and mound builder groups that inhabited North America, including the Adena people. The Adena lived in the Ohio River valley between 1000 BCE to 400 CE and built large earthen mounds to bury their dead. They left behind distinctive artifacts and constructed complex mounds, some containing burial tombs of elite members filled with items like pipes, bracelets, and inscribed tablets. Thousands of archaeological mounds still exist across the United States, demonstrating the advanced societies and large populations of indigenous peoples long before European contact.
This document provides a summary of 5 postcards from a road trip along US Route 35 in 1962. It describes attractions along the route from Michigan City, Indiana to Charleston, West Virginia. Some highlights mentioned include Indiana Dunes State Park in Indiana, attractions in Dayton, Ohio like Carillon Historical Park, and the West Virginia State Capitol building in Charleston. The summary focuses on giving a high-level overview of places visited and sights seen along the 416 mile route across Indiana and Ohio in the early 1960s.
This document provides background information on early European explorers and settlers in North America, including:
- Francisco Vazquez de Coronado led an expedition from Mexico into what is now New Mexico in the 1540s in search of the "Seven Golden Cities of Cibola" but found only small pueblos inhabited by Zuni Indians, disappointing his men who expected gold and wealth.
- Coronado split his large expedition party into smaller groups to travel different routes to Cibola, and many men died along the difficult journey from encounters with wildlife and ambushes.
- When they found the Zuni pueblos, the Zuni attacked the conquistadors and Coronado won the battle
The document provides information about various unique places to visit in Arizona, including Biosphere 2 in Tucson, Bisbee, Fossil Creek, Fountain Hills, Four Corners, Four Peaks Mountains, Goldfield Ghost Town, Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon Caverns, Havasupai Falls, Hoover Dam and Bridge, Jerome, and more. It discusses the history and interesting facts about each location, and encourages visiting them to experience Arizona's natural beauty and rich cultural history.
Early pioneers settled along the Olentangy and Delaware rivers in Delaware County, Ohio due to the rivers providing fresh water, transportation, and cleared land from Native American villages. As the town of Delaware grew in the early 1800s around the rivers, streets and businesses like taverns were established. Over time, Delaware changed from a rural settlement to a town with more houses, transportation infrastructure like bridges, and fewer open fields.
This document provides an overview of the history of Evansville, Indiana from its founding in the early 1800s to present day attractions. It discusses who originally inhabited the land, how it was settled, and some of the major events and developments over time including the 1937 flood, filming of A League of Their Own, and its role in producing ships during World War II. The document also lists several historical buildings, museums, and festivals in Evansville as potential topics for further research.
This document provides a list of 10 of the best places for hiking in North America. It provides brief descriptions of the following locations:
1. Yosemite National Park in California, known for its giant sequoia trees and scenic views.
2. Grand Canyon in Arizona, distinguished by its layered bands of red rock spanning 277 miles.
3. Glacier National Park in Montana, containing over 700 miles of hiking trails through glacier-carved peaks and valleys.
4. Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and Idaho, featuring geysers, hot springs, and dramatic landscapes formed by volcanic activity.
5. Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada, established in 1885 in the Rocky
The document provides guidelines for a presentation about the Historic National Road scenic byway. It instructs the presenter to include 9-12 slides covering: an introduction slide; an overview of the byway's significance and route map; descriptions of 5 cultural heritage tourism assets along the route; descriptions of 3 key communities; and descriptions of 2 intangible and 2 tangible products related to the byway. It also includes requirements for a slide on something that surprised the presenter and a concluding slide answering questions about visiting the byway. A sample presentation is provided for reference.
Moundville was a political and ceremonial center of the Mississippian culture located in Hale County, Alabama along the Black Warrior River around 800 years ago. It featured 26 earthen mounds, with the larger ones housing chiefs. The temple mound stood 58 feet tall. Artifacts excavated from Moundville provide insights into the Mississippian people's religious practices, artistic traditions, and use of tobacco and effigy carvings. Burials at Moundville included ornaments and food for the afterlife. Today the site features an archaeological museum and ongoing excavations that continue to uncover remnants of this lost civilization.
The Mound Builders were Native American tribes that lived in the Midwest between 3000 BC and the 1700s who built thousands of earthen mounds for religious ceremonies, burials, and civic centers. One of the largest mounds, located in Ohio, was over 1,200 feet long and 20 feet wide. The largest Mound Builder city, Cahokia near St. Louis, was populated between 700-1400 AD and had a large pyramid mound at its center, surrounding a city of 10,000-20,000 people with rich cultural features.
San Luis Obispo is located on the central coast of California between Los Angeles and San Francisco. The area has a geologically complex history, containing various rock types from the Franciscan Formation like serpentine, shale, and dacite. Notable volcanic plugs called the "Nine Sisters" dominate the landscape. The region also contains diverse plant and animal life, including oak trees, poppies, elephant seals, and whales. The principles of geology can be observed at sites like Montaña de Oro State Park, which contains tilted sedimentary rocks depicting the area's tectonic history.
The Lowry Pueblo is an ancestral Puebloan village located in Colorado that was inhabited between 1090-1120 CE. It was first documented professionally in 1918 and excavated in the 1930s, uncovering 37 rooms, 8 kivas, and a great kiva. Since being designated a National Historic Landmark in 1967, preservation efforts have increased through monitoring, education, and cultural heritage projects. The pueblo provides insight into the agricultural and hunting lifestyles of its past inhabitants.
1. Site Image Description
Located near Houston, Mississippi, the site is a complex of six conical shaped mounds which were in use during the Miller 1 and
Bynum Mound and
Miller 2 phases of the Miller culture(100 BCE to 100 CE).[2][3] and was built between 100 BCE and 100 CE. It was listed on the
Village Site
National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as part of the Natchez Trace Parkway at milepost 232.4.
Cloverdale The Cloverdale archaeological site (23BN2) is an important archaeological site near St. Joseph, Missouri. It is located at the mouth
archaeological site of a small valley that opens into the Missouri River. It was occupied by Kansas City Hopewell (ca. 100 to 500 CE) peoples.[4]
A large Marksville culture mound site, located in La Salle Parish, Louisiana. It is a large, conical, burial mound that was part of at
Crooks mound
least six episodes of burials. It measure about 16 ft high (4.9 m) and 85 ft wide (26 m).
The Dunns Pond Mound is a historic Native American mound in northeastern Logan County, Ohio, United States. Located
Dunns Pond Mound nearHuntsville, it lies along the southeastern corner of Indian Lake in Washington Township. In 1974, the mound was listed on
theNational Register of Historic Places as a potential archeological site.
Fortified Hill Works Registered historic site near Hamilton, Ohio.
Fort Ancient is a collection of mounds and earthen walls located in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio, along the eastern
Fort Ancient (Lebanon, shore of the Little Miami River about seven miles (11 km) southeast of Lebanon on State Route 350. The site is the largest
Ohio) prehistoric hilltop enclosure in the United States with three and one-half miles (18,000 ft/5,500 m) of walls in a 100-acre (0.40 km2)
complex.
An Early Marksville culture site located near Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, on a bluff 1 mile (1.6 km) east of
Grand Gulf Mound theMississippi River, 2 miles (3.2 km) north of the mouth of the Big Black River. The site has an extant burial mound, and may
have possibly had two others in the past.[5]
2. Site Image Description
The Hopeton Earthworks are an Ohio Hopewell group of mounds and earthworks located about a mile east of the Mound City
Hopeton Earthworks group on a terrace of the Scioto River. The walls have been damaged by cultivation. They are contained in a detached portion of
Hopewell Culture National Historic Park.
Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, formerly known as Mound City Group National Monument, is a United States national
Hopewell Culture historical park with earthworks and burial mounds from the Hopewell culture, indigenous peoples who flourished from about 200
National Historical Park BCE to 500 CE of ancestral Native Americans. The park is composed of five separate sites in Ross County, Ohio. The park
includes archaeological resources of the Hopewell culture.
Indian Mound Cemetery is a cemetery located along the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) on a bluff overlooking the South
Branch Potomac River in Romney, West Virginia. The cemetery is centered around a Hopewell mound. The mound measures
Indian Mound Cemetery seven feet high and about fifteen feet in diameter. It is the largest of the remaining mounds discovered in West Virginia's Eastern
Panhandle. The city has never allowed the mound to be excavated. The Smithsonian Institution suggests this mound might date
between 500 and 1000 CE and that it was likely constructed by peoples of the Hopewell culture.
Kolomoki Mounds The Kolomoki Mounds are Woodland Period mound site built in Early County, Georgia. The seven mounds of earth at the sitewere
Historic Park built between 250-950 CE by Swift Creek and Weeden Island peoples.
The Lake Ridge Island Mounds (also known as the Wolf Mounds I-IV) are a group of small hills in Logan County, Ohio, United
Lake Ridge Island
States that have been thought to be Native American mounds. Located in an area of about 5 acres (2.0 ha) at the northern end on
Mounds
Lake Ridge Island in Indian Lake, the mounds are near the village of Russells Point in the southeastern corner of Stokes Township.
Leake Mounds Leake Mounds is an important archaeological site in Bartow County, Georgia built and used by peoples of the Swift Creek Culture.
A burial mound located at Lewiston, New York in Niagara County, New York, on the grounds of the Earl W. Brydges Artpark
Lewiston Mound
State Park.
3. Site Image Description
Mann Site The Mann Site (12 Po 2) is located in Posey County, Indiana and was placed on the National Historic Register in 1974.[6]
Marksville Prehistoric Also known as the Marksville State Historic Site, it is the type site for the Marksville culture and is located about one mile
Indian Site southeast of Marksville, Louisiana.
Moorehead Circle A triple woodhenge constructed about two millennia ago at the Fort Ancient Earthworks in Ohio.
Mounds State Park is a state park in Anderson, Indiana, featuring prehistoric Native American heritage, and 10 ceremonial mounds
Mounds State Park
built by the Adena people and apparently also used by later Hopewell inhabitants.
In Newark, Ohio, the site consists of three sections of preserved earthwork: the Great Circle Earthworks, the Octagon Earthworks,
Newark Earthworks and the Wright Earthworks. This complex was the largest earthen enclosures in the world. The site is preserved as a state park by
the Ohio Historical Society.
Outside Clarksburg, West Virginia, in Harrison County, a large Indian mound; to the west of it is a smaller mound. These mounds
Oak Mounds
have never been totally excavated but they were probably built by the Hopewell culture between 0 and 1000 CE.
Located near Tupelo in parts of Itawamba and Prentiss County, Mississippi, a complex of eight dome shaped burial mounds was in
Pharr Mounds use during the Miller 1 phase of the Miller culture[2] and was built between 1 and 200 CE. It is considered to be one of the largest
and most important sites from this era.[7]
The Portsmouth Earthworks are a large mound complex constructed by the Ohio Hopewell culture (100 BCE to 500 CE).[8] The site
Portsmouth Earthworks was one of the largest ceremonial centers constructed by the Hopewell and is located at the confluence of the Scioto andOhio
Rivers. The majority of the site is now covered by the city of Portsmouth in Scioto County, Ohio.[8]
4. Site Image Description
The Renner Village Archeological Site is a significant Kansas City Hopewell culture archaeological site located in the municipality
Renner Village of Riverside, Missouri. Known by archaeologists as the Renner site(23PL1), the site contains Hopewell and Middle
Archeological Site Mississippianartifacts. The site is one of a several Kansas City Hopewell sites near the junction of Line Creek and the Missouri
River.[9]
Seip Earthworks and Dill
A large hilltop enclosure in Ross County, Ohio.
Mounds District
Not to be confused with the Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio, the site was constructed by the Point Peninsula
Serpent Mounds Park Complexpeoples, a Hopewellian people who lived in central and southeastern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, and northern
parts New York state between 300 BCE and 700 CE.
The Sinnissippi Mounds are a Havana Hopewell culture burial mound grouping located in the city of Sterling, Illinois, United
Sinnissippi Mounds
States.
A Havana Hopewell culture site, The Toolesboro Mound Group is a group of mounds on the north bank of the Iowa River near its
Toolesboro Mound
discharge into the Mississippi. The mounds are owned and displayed to the public by the State Historical Society of Iowa. The
Group
mound group is located east of Wapello, Iowa, near the unincorporated community of Toolesboro.
The Tremper Mound and Works are an Ohio Hopewell (100 BCE to 500 CE) earthen enclosure and large, irregularly-shaped
Tremper Mound and
mound. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The site is located in Scioto County, Ohio about five miles
Works
northwest of Portsmouth, Ohio on the second terrace floodplain overlooking the Scioto River.
Trowbridge The Trowbridge Archaeological Site is located in the vicinity of North 61st Street and Leavenworth Road in Kansas City, Kansas.
Archeological Site It was inhabited c. 200–600 CE by the Kansas City Hopewell culture.