Presentation for the 2015 MEAS Symposium Adoption, Diffusion & Scaled Impact by Brent M. Simpson, Senior Agricultural Officer, Investment Center, United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization.
This document discusses how digital technologies can help smallholder farmers by collecting farm-level data through GPS mapping and two-way communication on mobile devices. This big data is analyzed and aggregated to create web-based thematic maps and reports that can be accessed by farmers, project developers, buyers, NGOs, and governments. This digital system allows for measuring farms once but using the data for multiple purposes like monitoring crop health, enabling traceability, and performing impact analyses.
1) The innovation-decision process describes the steps an individual goes through from first learning about an innovation to adopting or rejecting it. It includes knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation stages.
2) The case study examines the diffusion of hybrid seed corn among Iowa farmers in the 1930s. It went through the five stages over 12 years to reach widespread adoption. Farmers needed an average of 7 years to progress from awareness to full adoption.
3) At the knowledge stage, salesmen introduced hybrid seed corn which increased yields but required annual purchase. At the persuasion stage, farmers discussed it with neighbors. At the decision stage, farmers received small samples to trial. At implementation, farmers who decided
This document outlines an objectives and methodology for analyzing complex agricultural problems and developing agricultural innovation strategies using the Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (RAAIS) tool. The document defines key characteristics of complex agricultural problems as multi-dimensional, multi-level, multi-stakeholder, and highly uncertain. It then describes the RAAIS workshop methodology which involves exercises to identify constraints, opportunities, and entry points for innovation through stakeholder participation. The goal is to facilitate analysis of problems and development of coherent strategies to address them through an agricultural innovation systems approach.
The document summarizes a PhD defense presentation on farmer innovations in local food systems. It discusses how conventional views of innovation focus on technology adoption, while an alternative view sees adaptation and development of innovations as important. It also notes that sustainable agriculture was a response to perceived costs of chemical-based innovations. The presentation analyzed innovations on 28 farms, finding production and networking innovations were common and identifying compost tea as addressing the most production problems.
This document discusses how digital technologies can help smallholder farmers by collecting farm-level data through GPS mapping and two-way communication on mobile devices. This big data is analyzed and aggregated to create web-based thematic maps and reports that can be accessed by farmers, project developers, buyers, NGOs, and governments. This digital system allows for measuring farms once but using the data for multiple purposes like monitoring crop health, enabling traceability, and performing impact analyses.
1) The innovation-decision process describes the steps an individual goes through from first learning about an innovation to adopting or rejecting it. It includes knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation stages.
2) The case study examines the diffusion of hybrid seed corn among Iowa farmers in the 1930s. It went through the five stages over 12 years to reach widespread adoption. Farmers needed an average of 7 years to progress from awareness to full adoption.
3) At the knowledge stage, salesmen introduced hybrid seed corn which increased yields but required annual purchase. At the persuasion stage, farmers discussed it with neighbors. At the decision stage, farmers received small samples to trial. At implementation, farmers who decided
This document outlines an objectives and methodology for analyzing complex agricultural problems and developing agricultural innovation strategies using the Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (RAAIS) tool. The document defines key characteristics of complex agricultural problems as multi-dimensional, multi-level, multi-stakeholder, and highly uncertain. It then describes the RAAIS workshop methodology which involves exercises to identify constraints, opportunities, and entry points for innovation through stakeholder participation. The goal is to facilitate analysis of problems and development of coherent strategies to address them through an agricultural innovation systems approach.
The document summarizes a PhD defense presentation on farmer innovations in local food systems. It discusses how conventional views of innovation focus on technology adoption, while an alternative view sees adaptation and development of innovations as important. It also notes that sustainable agriculture was a response to perceived costs of chemical-based innovations. The presentation analyzed innovations on 28 farms, finding production and networking innovations were common and identifying compost tea as addressing the most production problems.
1. The document discusses various agricultural extension methods in Indonesia, including modern techniques. It outlines traditional methods like farm visits, field days, and group meetings, as well as the stages of farmer adoption of new ideas from awareness to reinforcement.
2. Key factors in choosing extension methods are discussed, such as cost, coverage, complexity, skills required, and enabling farmer participation. Individual farm visits are time-consuming but allow one-on-one teaching, while group meetings are more efficient but risk diversity of interests.
3. Performance indicators for extension workers are outlined, including program planning, disseminating information, empowering farmers' groups, and increasing agricultural productivity and incomes. Nine specific success indicators are also listed
Principles and techniques of technology dissemination 16.2.2021 ferojMahbubul Hassan
This document discusses principles and procedures of technology dissemination in agricultural extension. It begins by defining extension and its goals of bringing desirable behavioral changes in farmers. It then outlines widely applied principles of effective extension, including valuing local knowledge, strong research-extension links, and utilizing local resources. The document also defines technology and innovation, describing characteristics like newness, profitability, and compatibility. It discusses diffusion of innovations through communication channels and the innovation decision process. Further, it provides details on disseminating technologies through individual and group contacts using various media. Finally, the document outlines some non-commodity technologies and problems of technology dissemination.
This document discusses the innovation development process and provides a case study on the diffusion of hybrid seed corn in Iowa. It describes the six main steps in the innovation development process: recognizing a problem, research, development, commercialization, diffusion/adoption, and consequences. Tracer studies are discussed as a way to retrospectively analyze innovation processes. The case study then outlines how hybrid seed corn was introduced to Iowa farmers in the 1920s-1940s, tracing farmers' progression through the innovation-decision process of knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. It took 12 years for widespread adoption among farmers.
Participatory technology development (PTD) is an approach where farmers collaborate with researchers in developing and testing new farming techniques. It involves five phases: building trust between farmers and researchers, identifying problems and potential solutions, designing experiments, conducting trials, and sharing results. PTD aims to improve adoption of technologies by incorporating farmers' knowledge and ensuring technologies are adapted to local conditions. It emphasizes an iterative process of joint learning where farmers take the lead in experimentation.
This document discusses defining and measuring agricultural sustainability. It begins by asking questions about what sustainability means and who should ensure it. Sustainability is then defined as meeting present needs without compromising the future according to the Bruntland Commission. Metrics and indicators are discussed as ways to measure sustainability across economic, environmental and social dimensions. The document suggests using quantitative scoring systems and impact assessments to evaluate performance in these different domains over time. The goal is to develop standards that are science-based, transparent and instructive for producers and consumers.
Identifying the Potential Adopters of an Agricultural InnovationDave Pannell
This document presents a method for identifying potential adopters of agricultural innovations. The method involves interviewing farmers to understand their farm context and how it relates to the costs and benefits of adopting an innovation. Large surveys are then used to validate the contexts and quantify different benefit segments. As an example, the method identified 5 benefit segments for micro-irrigation adoption among fruit growers, with the total potential adopters being much smaller than assumed. The implications are that research, extension, and policy should tailor their approaches to different farmer segments in order to better support adoption.
The document discusses several models of the adoption process for innovations. It describes Ryan and Gross's (1943) model which identified 4 stages: awareness, conviction, acceptance, and adoption. Wilkening (1953) identified 4 stages: obtaining information, conviction, trial, and adoption. The Central Rural Sociology Subcommittee (1955) identified 5 widely adopted stages: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption (or rejection). The document provides examples of what occurs at each stage and concludes with a discussion of limitations of the stage models and an alternative 7-stage model by Singh and Pareek (1965).
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This unit gives a vivid and updated knowledge of factoral influnce in consumer buying
Motivation; Buyer behaviour; Psychographics, lifestyle, adoption process and consumer buying; Adoption- Diffusion process ; Personality and Lifestyle
Environmental change and maize innovation pathways in Kenya - STEPS Centre Me...STEPS Centre
John Thompson's presentation: 'Environmental change and maize innovation pathways in Kenya - STEPS Centre Methods case study'
Find out more: http://steps-centre.org/methods/pathways-methods/
1. Smallholder farmers have low productivity due to limited skills and knowledge, poor agronomic practices, soil degradation, pests and diseases, and climate change effects.
2. Key factors that can increase smallholder productivity include improved varieties, irrigation, fertilizer access and use, market access, information technology, land reform, mechanization, insurance, and conservation techniques.
3. The Integrated Crop and Environment Management (ICEM) approach and Farmer Field School (FFS) participatory extension method address multiple constraints through learning-by-doing packages to sustainably increase productivity of local varieties and natural resources.
Overview of the CTA project: ''Climate change solutions that work for farmers'' in ACP countries.
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DIVERSIFOOD Final Congress - Session 6 - Paradigm shift for muti-actor and tr...diversifoodproject
1. The document discusses a holistic multi-actor approach to enhancing agrobiodiversity. It emphasizes the need to understand barriers and opportunities that affect the sustainable use and maintenance of crop genetic diversity.
2. A key part of this approach is identifying factors related to crops, socio-cultural aspects, economics, agro-ecology, organization/institutions, and legal/political issues that enable or hamper agri-food systems and agrobiodiversity.
3. The document outlines the development of tools to operationalize the multi-actor approach, including common definitions, a toolkit of methods, and an overarching methodological framework.
Approaches in Extension - Prof. Rubi R. OrbetaRubi Orbeta
Here is an example of an integrated extension project using the input-process-output model:
Inputs:
- Funding from DA, LGU, NGO for project costs
- Technical expertise from DA, CLSU on agriculture, nutrition, health
- Participation of barangay officials, farmers, families
Process:
- Conduct training programs for farmers on new crop production techniques
- Implement home gardening project to improve household nutrition
- Provide health education and access to medical services
Outputs:
- Increased agricultural production and farm incomes
- Improved nutritional status of families
- Better health outcomes for community members
The integrated approach brings together different organizations and addresses multiple needs through coordinated programming
Investing in sustainable landscapes for green returnsCIFOR-ICRAF
Dr. Peter Holmgren, Director General of CIFOR, presented options for investing in sustainable rural development at the Business for the Environment Global Summit in Delhi, India on 16 April 2013.
FARM INNOVATORS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONDr. Gopala Y M
Farm innovators play an important role in agricultural extension by serving as opinion leaders, providing feedback to researchers, mobilizing other farmers, and promoting knowledge sharing. This presentation discusses farm innovators and their role in India. It defines farm innovators and innovations, outlines objectives of recognizing innovators, and reviews recent approaches taken in India like the Farm Innovators Meet and Farm Innovation Promotion Fund. Challenges faced by innovators and implications for extension are also covered.
The document summarizes Rogers' innovation-decision process model which describes the steps individuals go through from first learning about an innovation to deciding whether to adopt it. The five steps are: (1) knowledge, (2) persuasion, (3) decision, (4) implementation, and (5) confirmation. It then provides an example of the diffusion of hybrid seed corn among Iowa farmers in the 1930s-1940s to illustrate how farmers progressed through these stages.
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In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
1. The document discusses various agricultural extension methods in Indonesia, including modern techniques. It outlines traditional methods like farm visits, field days, and group meetings, as well as the stages of farmer adoption of new ideas from awareness to reinforcement.
2. Key factors in choosing extension methods are discussed, such as cost, coverage, complexity, skills required, and enabling farmer participation. Individual farm visits are time-consuming but allow one-on-one teaching, while group meetings are more efficient but risk diversity of interests.
3. Performance indicators for extension workers are outlined, including program planning, disseminating information, empowering farmers' groups, and increasing agricultural productivity and incomes. Nine specific success indicators are also listed
Principles and techniques of technology dissemination 16.2.2021 ferojMahbubul Hassan
This document discusses principles and procedures of technology dissemination in agricultural extension. It begins by defining extension and its goals of bringing desirable behavioral changes in farmers. It then outlines widely applied principles of effective extension, including valuing local knowledge, strong research-extension links, and utilizing local resources. The document also defines technology and innovation, describing characteristics like newness, profitability, and compatibility. It discusses diffusion of innovations through communication channels and the innovation decision process. Further, it provides details on disseminating technologies through individual and group contacts using various media. Finally, the document outlines some non-commodity technologies and problems of technology dissemination.
This document discusses the innovation development process and provides a case study on the diffusion of hybrid seed corn in Iowa. It describes the six main steps in the innovation development process: recognizing a problem, research, development, commercialization, diffusion/adoption, and consequences. Tracer studies are discussed as a way to retrospectively analyze innovation processes. The case study then outlines how hybrid seed corn was introduced to Iowa farmers in the 1920s-1940s, tracing farmers' progression through the innovation-decision process of knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. It took 12 years for widespread adoption among farmers.
Participatory technology development (PTD) is an approach where farmers collaborate with researchers in developing and testing new farming techniques. It involves five phases: building trust between farmers and researchers, identifying problems and potential solutions, designing experiments, conducting trials, and sharing results. PTD aims to improve adoption of technologies by incorporating farmers' knowledge and ensuring technologies are adapted to local conditions. It emphasizes an iterative process of joint learning where farmers take the lead in experimentation.
This document discusses defining and measuring agricultural sustainability. It begins by asking questions about what sustainability means and who should ensure it. Sustainability is then defined as meeting present needs without compromising the future according to the Bruntland Commission. Metrics and indicators are discussed as ways to measure sustainability across economic, environmental and social dimensions. The document suggests using quantitative scoring systems and impact assessments to evaluate performance in these different domains over time. The goal is to develop standards that are science-based, transparent and instructive for producers and consumers.
Identifying the Potential Adopters of an Agricultural InnovationDave Pannell
This document presents a method for identifying potential adopters of agricultural innovations. The method involves interviewing farmers to understand their farm context and how it relates to the costs and benefits of adopting an innovation. Large surveys are then used to validate the contexts and quantify different benefit segments. As an example, the method identified 5 benefit segments for micro-irrigation adoption among fruit growers, with the total potential adopters being much smaller than assumed. The implications are that research, extension, and policy should tailor their approaches to different farmer segments in order to better support adoption.
The document discusses several models of the adoption process for innovations. It describes Ryan and Gross's (1943) model which identified 4 stages: awareness, conviction, acceptance, and adoption. Wilkening (1953) identified 4 stages: obtaining information, conviction, trial, and adoption. The Central Rural Sociology Subcommittee (1955) identified 5 widely adopted stages: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption (or rejection). The document provides examples of what occurs at each stage and concludes with a discussion of limitations of the stage models and an alternative 7-stage model by Singh and Pareek (1965).
The document discusses several projects aimed at improving agricultural outcomes through agroforestry. It describes a project in Uganda that introduced fodder shrubs to improve milk yields, which increased yields significantly. It is now scaling this approach in Kenya and Malawi through farmer cooperatives. Another project aims to better understand farmers' livelihood aspirations to customize technologies to their goals. A final project focuses on improving diets and health through diversifying crops and developing new food value chains. The document emphasizes the need for meaningful diagnosis, strong intervention design, credible evidence gathering, and efficient delivery to accelerate research impact on poverty, food insecurity, and environmental issues.
Introducing the Africa RISING research framework africa-rising
Presented by Joseph Rusike (IITA) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
This unit gives a vivid and updated knowledge of factoral influnce in consumer buying
Motivation; Buyer behaviour; Psychographics, lifestyle, adoption process and consumer buying; Adoption- Diffusion process ; Personality and Lifestyle
Environmental change and maize innovation pathways in Kenya - STEPS Centre Me...STEPS Centre
John Thompson's presentation: 'Environmental change and maize innovation pathways in Kenya - STEPS Centre Methods case study'
Find out more: http://steps-centre.org/methods/pathways-methods/
1. Smallholder farmers have low productivity due to limited skills and knowledge, poor agronomic practices, soil degradation, pests and diseases, and climate change effects.
2. Key factors that can increase smallholder productivity include improved varieties, irrigation, fertilizer access and use, market access, information technology, land reform, mechanization, insurance, and conservation techniques.
3. The Integrated Crop and Environment Management (ICEM) approach and Farmer Field School (FFS) participatory extension method address multiple constraints through learning-by-doing packages to sustainably increase productivity of local varieties and natural resources.
Overview of the CTA project: ''Climate change solutions that work for farmers'' in ACP countries.
by Dr Ajayi, Oluyede
Senior Programme Coordinator, Agricultural and Rural Development Policy at the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
DIVERSIFOOD Final Congress - Session 6 - Paradigm shift for muti-actor and tr...diversifoodproject
1. The document discusses a holistic multi-actor approach to enhancing agrobiodiversity. It emphasizes the need to understand barriers and opportunities that affect the sustainable use and maintenance of crop genetic diversity.
2. A key part of this approach is identifying factors related to crops, socio-cultural aspects, economics, agro-ecology, organization/institutions, and legal/political issues that enable or hamper agri-food systems and agrobiodiversity.
3. The document outlines the development of tools to operationalize the multi-actor approach, including common definitions, a toolkit of methods, and an overarching methodological framework.
Approaches in Extension - Prof. Rubi R. OrbetaRubi Orbeta
Here is an example of an integrated extension project using the input-process-output model:
Inputs:
- Funding from DA, LGU, NGO for project costs
- Technical expertise from DA, CLSU on agriculture, nutrition, health
- Participation of barangay officials, farmers, families
Process:
- Conduct training programs for farmers on new crop production techniques
- Implement home gardening project to improve household nutrition
- Provide health education and access to medical services
Outputs:
- Increased agricultural production and farm incomes
- Improved nutritional status of families
- Better health outcomes for community members
The integrated approach brings together different organizations and addresses multiple needs through coordinated programming
Investing in sustainable landscapes for green returnsCIFOR-ICRAF
Dr. Peter Holmgren, Director General of CIFOR, presented options for investing in sustainable rural development at the Business for the Environment Global Summit in Delhi, India on 16 April 2013.
FARM INNOVATORS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONDr. Gopala Y M
Farm innovators play an important role in agricultural extension by serving as opinion leaders, providing feedback to researchers, mobilizing other farmers, and promoting knowledge sharing. This presentation discusses farm innovators and their role in India. It defines farm innovators and innovations, outlines objectives of recognizing innovators, and reviews recent approaches taken in India like the Farm Innovators Meet and Farm Innovation Promotion Fund. Challenges faced by innovators and implications for extension are also covered.
The document summarizes Rogers' innovation-decision process model which describes the steps individuals go through from first learning about an innovation to deciding whether to adopt it. The five steps are: (1) knowledge, (2) persuasion, (3) decision, (4) implementation, and (5) confirmation. It then provides an example of the diffusion of hybrid seed corn among Iowa farmers in the 1930s-1940s to illustrate how farmers progressed through these stages.
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Adoption, Diffusion & Scaled Impacts - Using what we know in extension practice
1. MEAS Symposium 2015
June 4
“Leading Issues in
Extension and Rural
Advisory Services”
Adoption, Diffusion & Scaled Impacts
- Using what we know in extension
practice -
Brent M. Simpson
Senior Agricultural Officer,
Investment Center,
United Nations Food &
Agriculture Organization
2. Adoption of Innovations
ADOPTION PROCESS
• Awareness
• Interest
• Evaluation
• Trial (adaptation)
• Adoption
Source: Rogers, 1964
8. The nature of scale
No change is permanent
– it’s a process
Every innovation has its
natural scale of utility – its
never 100% of farmers
9. Going Forward
• Start with good innovations
• Be careful in targeting where innovations are
promoted
• Be purposeful in outreach activities
• Matching methods, messages and messengers
to the 5-phases of adoption
• Make sure innovations are actionable
• Using different methods for different
technologies
• Allow farmers to tryout and make adaptations
• Understand that it will take time – set appropriate
targets and timeframes, design supportive M&E
systems to monitor progress, be patient
10. MEAS Technical Note
Simpson, B.M. 2015. Planning for Scale: Using what
we know about human behavior in the diffusion of
agricultural innovation and the role of agricultural
extension. MEAS Technical Note. Urbana-
Champaign, Ill: University of Illinois.
11. Disclaimer
This presentation was made possible by the generous support of the American
people through the United States Agency for International Development, USAID. The
contents are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
views of USAID or the United States Government.