JP Morgan Chase: The Balance Between Serving Customers and Maximizing Shareholder Wealth
Penelope Bender
William Woods University
BUS 585: Integrated Studies in Business Administration
Dr. Leathers
Abstract
This paper investigates why JP Morgan Chase and other financial institutions struggle to balance client interests over maximizing wealth.
It is an exploratory study done through literature review.
Often financial institutions, like JP Morgan, put profits ahead of the interests of those they serve.
The paper contributes to better understanding of corporate culture.
This paper investigates why JP Morgan Chase and other financial institutions struggle to balance client interests over maximizing shareholder wealth. This exploratory study is done through a literature review to answer why financial institutions, specifically JP Morgan, often put profits ahead of those they serve. The study will provide evidence of the complex nature of balancing client interests over maximizing shareholder and individual wealth and the need for tighter internal and external oversight. This paper contributes to a better understanding of why corporate culture encourages profit over stakeholders’ interests.
2
Research Question
Why does JP Morgan Chase and other financial institutions struggle to balance client interests over maximizing shareholder wealth?
Employees of JP Morgan Chase and other large banks work in their best interests to increase wealth and succeed by meeting management goals. However, because of the complex nature of large banks, an individual(s), unethical behavior can go unchecked.
3
Problem Statement
JP Morgan Chase competes globally and faces competition from other large banks in the US and abroad.
JP Morgan Chase is part of a complex system of regulation, self-interests, and wealth creation.
The interests of shareholders and investors is sometimes overshadowed by agents working in their own best interests.
Financial markets are a complex web of interests, and because of opportunities for individual profits, regulating individual’s actions without stricter regulations and internal oversight is impossible.
The study is not meant to be a moral or ethical analysis but merely why the complex relationship exists and will continue to exist in capitalist society. This paper contributes to a better understanding of why capitalism or financialism’s (Clarke, 2014) fundamentals encourage wealth creation. Financial markets are a complex web of interests, and because of opportunities for individual profits, regulating individual’s actions without stricter regulations and internal oversight is impossible.
4
Literature Review
The literature review showed a connection between self-interests, regulators, competition, and risk, which all lead to a complex system of conflicting agendas.
5
How Self-Interests Influence Behavior
Ross (1973) explains that all employment relationships are agency relationships and moral hazards are generally .
This study examines the relationship between corporate governance and risk falling stock prices
according to the type of ownership of the company on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. For this study, a sample of
4 companies listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected using random sampling method. In this
study, the relationship between corporate governance and risk falling stock prices according to the type of
company ownership in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1389 to 1393 was A total of 470 observed for the
period was used Who has 70 years of institutional ownership companies And 400 data related to companies with
ownership of the company. The statistical methods used in this research is multiple regression method. The
results show that the risk of falling standards of corporate governance in companies owned firm's stock price So
that the effectiveness of the board, board structure and governance structure, risk of falling stock prices on
corporate ownership in companies with significant effect in reverse. But institutional ownership in companies
with corporate governance criteria in danger of falling stock prices have no effect.
This paper scrutinizes Determinants of Capital Structure: A study on some selected corporate firms in Bangladesh. We have taken 10 out of 37 listed companies of DSE dividing into two sectors i.e. Pharmaceuticals and chemicals and Tannery sector, five years data from 2013 to 2017 has been collected from respective annual reports. Total number of observations was 50. There are different factors that affect a firm's capital structure decision. We use leverage (D/E ratio) as dependent variable and independent variables are profitability, tangibility, tax, size, growth, non-debt tax shield (NDTS) and financial costs. By using Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis tools we find that Tangibility, size, NDTS, and financial costs are positively related with leverage and Profitability, tax, and growth are negatively related with leverage. In our analysis we see profitability, tangibility of asset, growth and non-debt tax shield have significant association. So when we take capital structure decision of the above firms we should consider profitability, tangibility of asset, growth and non-debt tax shield because other independent variables are insignificant in the context of Bangladesh economy.
The objective of this research is to study the managers' overconfidence effect on the relationship
between the firm risk and managers' rewards of the listed firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In addition, the
research sample had 136 members which were selected in 2012-2019 using the systematic removal sampling
method by considering the research variables conditions
This study examines the relationship between corporate governance and risk falling stock prices
according to the type of ownership of the company on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. For this study, a sample of
4 companies listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected using random sampling method. In this
study, the relationship between corporate governance and risk falling stock prices according to the type of
company ownership in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1389 to 1393 was A total of 470 observed for the
period was used Who has 70 years of institutional ownership companies And 400 data related to companies with
ownership of the company. The statistical methods used in this research is multiple regression method. The
results show that the risk of falling standards of corporate governance in companies owned firm's stock price So
that the effectiveness of the board, board structure and governance structure, risk of falling stock prices on
corporate ownership in companies with significant effect in reverse. But institutional ownership in companies
with corporate governance criteria in danger of falling stock prices have no effect.
This paper scrutinizes Determinants of Capital Structure: A study on some selected corporate firms in Bangladesh. We have taken 10 out of 37 listed companies of DSE dividing into two sectors i.e. Pharmaceuticals and chemicals and Tannery sector, five years data from 2013 to 2017 has been collected from respective annual reports. Total number of observations was 50. There are different factors that affect a firm's capital structure decision. We use leverage (D/E ratio) as dependent variable and independent variables are profitability, tangibility, tax, size, growth, non-debt tax shield (NDTS) and financial costs. By using Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis tools we find that Tangibility, size, NDTS, and financial costs are positively related with leverage and Profitability, tax, and growth are negatively related with leverage. In our analysis we see profitability, tangibility of asset, growth and non-debt tax shield have significant association. So when we take capital structure decision of the above firms we should consider profitability, tangibility of asset, growth and non-debt tax shield because other independent variables are insignificant in the context of Bangladesh economy.
The objective of this research is to study the managers' overconfidence effect on the relationship
between the firm risk and managers' rewards of the listed firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In addition, the
research sample had 136 members which were selected in 2012-2019 using the systematic removal sampling
method by considering the research variables conditions
r Academy of Management Journal2015, Vol. 1015, No. 1, 1–9..docxmakdul
r Academy of Management Journal
2015, Vol. 1015, No. 1, 1–9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.4006
FROM THE EDITORS
RETHINKING GOVERNANCE IN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
In the field of management, the study of gover-
nance has primarily dealt with decision-making by
boards of directors, chief executives, and senior
managers. The corporate governance literature has
generated important insights regarding incentive
alignment, risk taking, and coordination chal-
lenges. Emerging trends, highlighted in this issue,
raise new questions regarding managerial roles,
organizational contexts, internal and social pro-
cesses, and changes in governance over time. We
encourage management scholars to rethink their
approach to governance research by considering
stakeholder engagement, the implications of big
data, social impact, global dimensions, and com-
parative analysis of governance. A broadened con-
ceptualization of governance may also deal with the
dynamics of interorganizational arrangements, in-
cluding the co-creation of organizations of varying
governance forms.
WHAT IS GOVERNANCE?
In this “thematic issue,” we assembled articles
that reflect evolving practices in governance.1
Corporate governance is the system by which
companies are directed and controlled. Boards of
directors are responsible for the governance of
their companies. The shareholders’ role in gover-
nance is to appoint the directors and the auditors
and to satisfy themselves that an appropriate gov-
ernance structure is in place. The responsibilities
of the board include setting the company’s strategic
aims, providing the leadership to put them into
effect, supervising the management of the business,
and reporting to shareholders on their stewardship.
The board’s actions are subject to laws, regulations,
and the shareholders in general meeting (Cadbury,
1992). Corporate governance is therefore about
what the board of a company does and how it sets
the values of the company, but is distinct from the
operational management of the company by full-
time executives.
These views of corporate governance stem pre-
dominantly from a financial perspective. For ex-
ample, Shleifer and Vishny (1997: 737) address
corporate governance as “the ways in which sup-
pliers of finance to corporations assure themselves
of getting a return on their investment. How do the
suppliers of finance get managers to return some
of the profits to them? How do they make sure
that managers do not steal the capital they supply
or invest it in bad projects? How do suppliers
of finance control managers?” These views stem
primarily from an agency theoretical perspective
that investigates the consequences of separation of
ownership and control in the modern corporation
(Jensen & Meckling, 1976). Recent corporate ac-
tivity and views, however, have an expanded view
of governance as involving stewardship and lead-
ership, in addition to the narrower financial pru-
dence role. From a survey of board members from
15 countri ...
The aim of this study was to determine the link between multiple directorships (MDs) and cash holdings. This study used the source from the firm’s annual report, as these studies were secondary data. Smart PLS 3.0 was used to verify the secondary data collected. This study shows that the number of people holding MDs inside the institution is growing, and this has a great effect on the organization’s interests. In addition, the findings support the first theory, which promotes chief executive officers to hold varied directorships because they contain desired elements from the companies. This study is unique because it is the first in the Sultanate of Oman to investigate financial enterprise at the Muscat Stock Exchange with the goal of achieving certainty. It evaluates whether having executives with one or numerous directorships is advantageous for the organization and its stakeholders
The influence of managerial ownership,institutional ownership and voluntaryd...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The financial sector plays a vital role in the economic development of a country. In Bangladesh also
this sector is doing well in different indicators. At the same time, a good number of banks and corporations
became weakened over the years, and the consequent collapse of the stock market caused colossal losses to
investors, where the absence of firm-level corporate governance was sharply identified. Keeping these into
consideration, this present study has been attempted
The Implication of Corporate Governance on Financial Institution’s Performanc...Waqas Tariq
Application of business ethics is sine qua non to the concept of corporate governance. Corporate governance on it own has a very significant relationship with corporate performance. This is the thrust of this paper. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin of (2006) had asserted that disagreement between the board and management of financial institutions usually gives rise to board squabbles and ineffective board oversight functions. This is why the objective of this article is to determine the extent to which corporate governance practices impacts on financial institutions performance. To validate this assertion, a sample of thirty three financial institution listed on the Nigerian stock Exchange from 2004 to 2008 was used for this study. Multiple regressions Analysis and ordinary least square (OLS) method of estimation were applied. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between corporate governance practices and firms” performance. The other two performance proxies that is, Return on Equity and two corporate governance practices namely; the firms’ board size and audit committee also showed positive relationship. However, there was a negative relationship between the net profit margin, the firms’ board size and audit committee. The study could not establish a relationship between the two performance variables, namely; Return on Equity and Net profit Margin, and the executive officers’ status. In conclusion, the findings in this study are consistent with the findings of studies conducted in other countries that business ethics and good governance practices are the bed rock of optimum. It is recommended that corporate governance mechanisms be objectively structured to enhance optimal performance of corporate institutions in Nigeria.
Corporate governance and bank performance: Empirical evidence from Nepalese f...Rajesh Gupta
This paper examines the effects of corporate governance on bank performance in the context of Nepal. Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are dependent variables for bank performance, and board size, female board members, financial institutions, CEO duality, independent directors, firm size, firm age, earnings per share, and the capital adequacy ratio are independent variables for corporate governance.
Audit Committee Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Ba...AkashSharma618775
The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive power of audit committee features on the financial
performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2018. Thirteen (13) banks were
used over 10 years making a total of 130 firm year observation. The independent variable was audit committee
size, while the dependent variable was DMB financial performance measured by return on capital employed
(ROCE). The study used an ex-post factor research approach to address the research questions and the nature of
the study data. The study used the panel fixed effect approach (and the estimates were obtained using E-views 9).
The results show that audit committee size does not significantly predict ROCE nor does audit committee financial
skill and frequency of audit committee meetings. None of the independent variables have significant predictive
power on the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Thus, instead of DMBs focusing on expanding the
members of Audit committee, they should instead consider other things that can be done to have an effective audit
committee, such as gender, religion, region, ownership, etc that could possibly influence the performance of banks
in Nigeria.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk Non-Financial Information and Firm RiskAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to examine how ESG disclosure and risk disclosure affect the total risk of
companies. Using cross section data from 355 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, data regarding
ESG disclosure and risk was collected. In this research, ESG and risk disclosures are measured based on content
analysis using GRI 4 guidelines for ESG disclosures and COSO ERM for risk disclosures. Using multiple
regression, it is concluded that only risk disclosure can reduce the company's total risk, while ESG disclosure
cannot affect the company's total risk. This shows that only risk disclosure is relevant in determining a
company's total risk.
KEYWORDS: ESG disclosure, risk disclosure, firm risk
Article: Influence of Corporate Board Characteristics on Firm Performance of ...McRey Banderlipe II
Using disclosure information from 29 listed property companies in the Philippines, the results revealed that managerial ownership positively influences firm performance. Moreover, firm size, leverage, and age influence the accounting-based measures of performance to a great extent than the market-based measures. Further research should focus on the overall impact of corporate governance using different measures of performance to better assist the decision making of the company’s stakeholders.
Running Head CAPITAL DECISIONS1CAPITAL DECISIONS .docxjoellemurphey
Running Head: CAPITAL DECISIONS 1
CAPITAL DECISIONS 1
Capital Decisions
Keri King
Module 4
5/3/2020
Introduction
To meet operational costs, expense obligations, and make investments, every organization needs to ensure that its capital management is under the right hands. The individuals tasked with capital management ensure that capital and assets are well organized to facilitate expansion. For this to happen, organizations need to ensure that they evaluate their financial statements and financial analysis methods. These methods help organizations make appropriate decisions regarding capital investments, which is critical for growth. Hence, this report will analyze two articles that provide an in-depth analysis of the financial matters of healthcare companies.
Article Review 1
In his book, Argan (2013) states that healthcare companies face a harder time acquiring expansion financing because of their liquidity ratio. The author further explains that healthcare companies face a harder time purchasing short-term liquidity due to their inability to make profits as fast as they generate sales. The expansion of a healthcare center might take more time than the original estimated time, which then causes a push back in the timeline given by financial institutions to start the repayment plan. In most cases, other financial or lending institutions have the needed amount organizations ask for and also provide thorough advice on whether the investment is worth the risk.
Argan (2013) states that the two major issues brought up by the turnaround company on the Caribbean expansion were one: the weakness in their corporate structure and the management reporting and ranks. The concerns around this came up because the turnaround company wondered if the institution had proper management controls in place to ensure high profitability as well as quality (Argan, 2013). High quality comes with high profitability because people need assurance on the condition they receive. The turnaround company also brought up the issue of management controls to ensure that ethics can apply in the organization in support of the right decision making.
Healthcare facilities require looking for other means of securing their finances beyond their banks. According to Argan (2013), other financial institutions, aside from banks, offer lower interest rates, are more flexible, which are luring factors to consider. In his article, the author states that securing financing beyond banks gives companies a better chance of expansion as opposed to looking for finances in banks.
Article Review 2
In the article, the authors make a good argument for the need for broadening the methods which healthcare providers use to calculate break-even analysis. Through the different options, the authors show different sectors where hospitals lose money they should be gaining ...
Reconfiguring Cooperation Mechanism and Survival of Deposit Money Banks in So...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study examined the relationship between reconfiguring cooperation mechanism and
survival of Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The study adopted the cross-sectional research
survey design. The population for this study was twenty-two deposit money banks registered in Nigeria and
operating in South–South. Primary data was generated through structured questionnaire. Census sampling was
adopted because our population of study was not large. Hence, the entire population of 22 Deposit Money Banks
was adopted as a census. However, the total respondents for this study were 154 Regional/Zonal Managers of
the twenty-two Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The research instrument was validated by
supervisors’ vetting and approval while the reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach
Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank
Order Correlation while the partial correlation was used to test the moderating effect of nature of the
environment. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. Findings study showed that there is a
significant relationship between reconfiguring cooperation mechanism and survival of deposit money banks in
South-South, Nigeria. Therefore, this study concludes the survival of Deposit Money Banks in South-South,
Nigeria is well enhanced though reconfiguring cooperation mechanism. Hence the study recommends that
Deposit Money Banks should strive to get new knowledge, skills, markets and distribution channels from new
partners and new cooperation mechanisms because this will reduce its product development risks and
investments, and increase the benefit of new products.
KEYWORDS: Agility, Flexibility, Reconfiguring Cooperation Mechanism, Resourcefulness, Survival
Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in the Banking Sector: The ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In this article, we explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability with particular reference to Ethiopian financial industry. In line with this, the paper investigated the practice of corporate social responsibility and its impact on profitability in two private banks in Ethiopia. The study used two sampling phases. The first one is to sample out the two banks among the sixteen private banks operated in the country and the second phase is to select number of respondents within the selected banks. According to National Bank of Ethiopia, (NBE, 2020) annual report among the sixteen private commercial banks operated in the country, six of them were operated in the industry for more than 20 years and two banks namely Dashen and United banks were randomly selected for the study. The study used questionnaires as an instrument for data collection and the Cronbach alpha test was used to test the reliability of the instrument. Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the nature of strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variables (philanthropic, ethical, legal and economic responsibilities) and the dependent variables (profitability), regression analysis was also employed to determine the degree in which the dependent variable can be predicated or explained from the independent variables. The finding reveals that ethical, philanthropic, legal and economic responsibilities of CSR dimension have a positive and significant impact on profitability of the banks. Furthermore, the overall finding of the study suggested that CSR practice of banks has a significant impact on the level of their profitability. The study recommends that banks should improve their efforts exerted towards their CSR practice in order to enhance their profitability.
The purpose of this research was to empirically investigate the effect of capital structure on financial sustainability
of deposit-taking micro finance institutions (DTMs) in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the impact
of debt on the financial sustainability of DTMs in Kenya, to assess the influence of retained earnings on the financial
sustainability of DTMs in Kenya, to examine the effect of ordinary share capital on the financial sustainability of
MFIs in Kenya, and to investigate the impact of preferred share capital on the financial sustainability of DTMs in
Kenya. The target population of the study was all the 13 DTMs in Kenya registered with the Central Bank of Kenya.
Secondary data was collected on all the DTMs financial data from the Central Bank of Kenya reports. Data was
analyzed using multiple regression model using SPSS and R as the data analysis tool. Based on the findings 76.9%
of the DTMs did not earn enough revenue to cover the actual financing direct costs, which include the total operating
costs, loan loss provisions and the financing costs but excluding the cost of capital. The analysis of variance
(ANOVA) table indicated that the predictor variables influenced the predictor variable significantly at 5%
significance level. Among the four variables; debt and retained earnings were statistically significant variable at 5%
significance level with 1.265 and 1.630 coefficient respectfully. Whereby the financial sustainability change by
1.265 and 1.630 for every unit change of debt or retained earnings respectfully. Therefore, for the deposit-taking
microfinance institutions to remain afloat in the lending business, they should utilize any borrowing opportunity,
plough back profits to the business, and low proportion of preferred share capital. Deposit-taking microfinance
institutions should avoid usage ordinary share capital as it negatively affected financial sustainability
Running Head CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES 1.docxtodd271
Running Head: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES 1
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES AND PROTECTION 27
Critical Analysis of the Whistleblower Incentives and Protection
Professor’s Name
Student’s Name
Course Title
Date
Contents
List of Figures 5
Introduction 6
Background Information 6
Cognate (Finance) 7
Problem Statement 7
Purpose of the Study 8
Research Questions 8
Relationship of the Research Questions to Problem Statement 9
Nature of the Study 10
Methodology 11
Design 11
Fixed, Flexible, and Mixed Method Designs 12
Appropriateness of flexible design in this research? 12
Qualitative research methods 13
Interviews 14
Case study 14
Methods for Triangulation 14
Appropriateness of the Single Case Study 15
Research Framework 15
Research Framework Diagram 16
Research Framework Concepts 17
Research Framework Theories 17
Maslow’s Motivational Theory 17
Transformational Leadership Theory; 17
McClelland’s need theory; 18
Research Framework Actors 18
Leaders 18
Followers; 18
Accountants; 18
Research Framework Variables 19
Leadership style; 19
Intrinsic motivation; 19
Whistleblower demographic; 19
Variables to Include Critical Analysis 20
Related Studies 20
Anticipated and Discovered Themes 20
Summary 21
Definition of Terms 21
Assumptions, Limitations, Delimitations 22
Significance of the Study 23
Reduction of Gaps in the Literature 24
Implications for Biblical Integration 24
Relationship to Cognate 24
Summary 25
Conclusion 25
References: 26
List of Figures
Figure 4.1 conceptual framework diagram…………………….………………………….15
Introduction
Whistleblower incentives and protection refers to the monetary reward as well as protection which the United States Government offers to the individuals who expose certain wrongdoings in the community more especially in government institutions. The Federal law requires the government to reward the whistleblowers a certain percentage of money that is recovered following their tips of exposing the wrongdoing acts. This percentage may go up to 30 percent of the total recovered money. In this paper, I will critically analyze whether Whistleblower Incentives and Protection are ways of applying investment banking incentives to control management unethical and illegal practices. And maybe are the whistleblowers rewarded accordingly in terms of security and money.Background Information
Whistleblower incentives and protection rights are clearly stated per the federal laws. The main reason for having such laws is to promote transparency and motivate people to shun unethical behavior in various professions. Corruption is the main vice that is targeted by whistleblower incentives and protection. Federal laws require government agencies to provide maximum security to a whistleblower in the process of investigating a vice and even after the culprits have been apprehended. More so, it is required by law that the whistleblower gets a certain amount of the recovered resources. Whistl.
JW House FundraiserJourney Through the Enchanted Forest Ga.docxpauline234567
JW House Fundraiser
Journey Through the Enchanted Forest Gala
Silent Auction
Table Decor
Specialized cocktails for Event
Three Screens will be Placed for Optimum Viewing by all Attendees
New House Announcement
Happy 30th Birthday, JW!
Auction
Isle down Center Allows Fundraising Auctioneer to Engage Audience
Balloon
Drop
S’mores Sponsored by Largest Corporate Donor
Finish the Evening with Dancing & Beverages
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1. INTRODUCTION. Begin by stating what you will discuss and explain why is important.
2. CRITICAL SUMMARY. Summarize the relevant views and the arguments that you believe are important.
Usually in a critical discussion it is not sufficient to merely summarize the author’s view. Your attention should be
focused on the author's development of the view--that is, on his arguments, in the broadest sense of the word.
3. CARE IN CITATIONS. Make sure you accurately state the position of the author and always include page
references for each quotation or attribution to her/him if applicable.
4. CRITICAL EVALUATION FROM A CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE. At least half of your paper must be devoted
to a critical evaluation of the views of the author you are discussing from the perspective of the Christian thesis that
a Christian call in business may prop-up the role of the markets.
5. CONSIDER POSSIBLE RESPONSES TO YOUR OBJECTIONS. Whenever you offer an objection to an
author's position, explicitly consider whether the author has said anythin.
More Related Content
Similar to JP Morgan Chase The Balance Between Serving Customers and Maxim.docx
r Academy of Management Journal2015, Vol. 1015, No. 1, 1–9..docxmakdul
r Academy of Management Journal
2015, Vol. 1015, No. 1, 1–9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.4006
FROM THE EDITORS
RETHINKING GOVERNANCE IN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
In the field of management, the study of gover-
nance has primarily dealt with decision-making by
boards of directors, chief executives, and senior
managers. The corporate governance literature has
generated important insights regarding incentive
alignment, risk taking, and coordination chal-
lenges. Emerging trends, highlighted in this issue,
raise new questions regarding managerial roles,
organizational contexts, internal and social pro-
cesses, and changes in governance over time. We
encourage management scholars to rethink their
approach to governance research by considering
stakeholder engagement, the implications of big
data, social impact, global dimensions, and com-
parative analysis of governance. A broadened con-
ceptualization of governance may also deal with the
dynamics of interorganizational arrangements, in-
cluding the co-creation of organizations of varying
governance forms.
WHAT IS GOVERNANCE?
In this “thematic issue,” we assembled articles
that reflect evolving practices in governance.1
Corporate governance is the system by which
companies are directed and controlled. Boards of
directors are responsible for the governance of
their companies. The shareholders’ role in gover-
nance is to appoint the directors and the auditors
and to satisfy themselves that an appropriate gov-
ernance structure is in place. The responsibilities
of the board include setting the company’s strategic
aims, providing the leadership to put them into
effect, supervising the management of the business,
and reporting to shareholders on their stewardship.
The board’s actions are subject to laws, regulations,
and the shareholders in general meeting (Cadbury,
1992). Corporate governance is therefore about
what the board of a company does and how it sets
the values of the company, but is distinct from the
operational management of the company by full-
time executives.
These views of corporate governance stem pre-
dominantly from a financial perspective. For ex-
ample, Shleifer and Vishny (1997: 737) address
corporate governance as “the ways in which sup-
pliers of finance to corporations assure themselves
of getting a return on their investment. How do the
suppliers of finance get managers to return some
of the profits to them? How do they make sure
that managers do not steal the capital they supply
or invest it in bad projects? How do suppliers
of finance control managers?” These views stem
primarily from an agency theoretical perspective
that investigates the consequences of separation of
ownership and control in the modern corporation
(Jensen & Meckling, 1976). Recent corporate ac-
tivity and views, however, have an expanded view
of governance as involving stewardship and lead-
ership, in addition to the narrower financial pru-
dence role. From a survey of board members from
15 countri ...
The aim of this study was to determine the link between multiple directorships (MDs) and cash holdings. This study used the source from the firm’s annual report, as these studies were secondary data. Smart PLS 3.0 was used to verify the secondary data collected. This study shows that the number of people holding MDs inside the institution is growing, and this has a great effect on the organization’s interests. In addition, the findings support the first theory, which promotes chief executive officers to hold varied directorships because they contain desired elements from the companies. This study is unique because it is the first in the Sultanate of Oman to investigate financial enterprise at the Muscat Stock Exchange with the goal of achieving certainty. It evaluates whether having executives with one or numerous directorships is advantageous for the organization and its stakeholders
The influence of managerial ownership,institutional ownership and voluntaryd...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The financial sector plays a vital role in the economic development of a country. In Bangladesh also
this sector is doing well in different indicators. At the same time, a good number of banks and corporations
became weakened over the years, and the consequent collapse of the stock market caused colossal losses to
investors, where the absence of firm-level corporate governance was sharply identified. Keeping these into
consideration, this present study has been attempted
The Implication of Corporate Governance on Financial Institution’s Performanc...Waqas Tariq
Application of business ethics is sine qua non to the concept of corporate governance. Corporate governance on it own has a very significant relationship with corporate performance. This is the thrust of this paper. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin of (2006) had asserted that disagreement between the board and management of financial institutions usually gives rise to board squabbles and ineffective board oversight functions. This is why the objective of this article is to determine the extent to which corporate governance practices impacts on financial institutions performance. To validate this assertion, a sample of thirty three financial institution listed on the Nigerian stock Exchange from 2004 to 2008 was used for this study. Multiple regressions Analysis and ordinary least square (OLS) method of estimation were applied. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between corporate governance practices and firms” performance. The other two performance proxies that is, Return on Equity and two corporate governance practices namely; the firms’ board size and audit committee also showed positive relationship. However, there was a negative relationship between the net profit margin, the firms’ board size and audit committee. The study could not establish a relationship between the two performance variables, namely; Return on Equity and Net profit Margin, and the executive officers’ status. In conclusion, the findings in this study are consistent with the findings of studies conducted in other countries that business ethics and good governance practices are the bed rock of optimum. It is recommended that corporate governance mechanisms be objectively structured to enhance optimal performance of corporate institutions in Nigeria.
Corporate governance and bank performance: Empirical evidence from Nepalese f...Rajesh Gupta
This paper examines the effects of corporate governance on bank performance in the context of Nepal. Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are dependent variables for bank performance, and board size, female board members, financial institutions, CEO duality, independent directors, firm size, firm age, earnings per share, and the capital adequacy ratio are independent variables for corporate governance.
Audit Committee Characteristics and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Ba...AkashSharma618775
The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive power of audit committee features on the financial
performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2018. Thirteen (13) banks were
used over 10 years making a total of 130 firm year observation. The independent variable was audit committee
size, while the dependent variable was DMB financial performance measured by return on capital employed
(ROCE). The study used an ex-post factor research approach to address the research questions and the nature of
the study data. The study used the panel fixed effect approach (and the estimates were obtained using E-views 9).
The results show that audit committee size does not significantly predict ROCE nor does audit committee financial
skill and frequency of audit committee meetings. None of the independent variables have significant predictive
power on the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Thus, instead of DMBs focusing on expanding the
members of Audit committee, they should instead consider other things that can be done to have an effective audit
committee, such as gender, religion, region, ownership, etc that could possibly influence the performance of banks
in Nigeria.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk Non-Financial Information and Firm RiskAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to examine how ESG disclosure and risk disclosure affect the total risk of
companies. Using cross section data from 355 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, data regarding
ESG disclosure and risk was collected. In this research, ESG and risk disclosures are measured based on content
analysis using GRI 4 guidelines for ESG disclosures and COSO ERM for risk disclosures. Using multiple
regression, it is concluded that only risk disclosure can reduce the company's total risk, while ESG disclosure
cannot affect the company's total risk. This shows that only risk disclosure is relevant in determining a
company's total risk.
KEYWORDS: ESG disclosure, risk disclosure, firm risk
Article: Influence of Corporate Board Characteristics on Firm Performance of ...McRey Banderlipe II
Using disclosure information from 29 listed property companies in the Philippines, the results revealed that managerial ownership positively influences firm performance. Moreover, firm size, leverage, and age influence the accounting-based measures of performance to a great extent than the market-based measures. Further research should focus on the overall impact of corporate governance using different measures of performance to better assist the decision making of the company’s stakeholders.
Running Head CAPITAL DECISIONS1CAPITAL DECISIONS .docxjoellemurphey
Running Head: CAPITAL DECISIONS 1
CAPITAL DECISIONS 1
Capital Decisions
Keri King
Module 4
5/3/2020
Introduction
To meet operational costs, expense obligations, and make investments, every organization needs to ensure that its capital management is under the right hands. The individuals tasked with capital management ensure that capital and assets are well organized to facilitate expansion. For this to happen, organizations need to ensure that they evaluate their financial statements and financial analysis methods. These methods help organizations make appropriate decisions regarding capital investments, which is critical for growth. Hence, this report will analyze two articles that provide an in-depth analysis of the financial matters of healthcare companies.
Article Review 1
In his book, Argan (2013) states that healthcare companies face a harder time acquiring expansion financing because of their liquidity ratio. The author further explains that healthcare companies face a harder time purchasing short-term liquidity due to their inability to make profits as fast as they generate sales. The expansion of a healthcare center might take more time than the original estimated time, which then causes a push back in the timeline given by financial institutions to start the repayment plan. In most cases, other financial or lending institutions have the needed amount organizations ask for and also provide thorough advice on whether the investment is worth the risk.
Argan (2013) states that the two major issues brought up by the turnaround company on the Caribbean expansion were one: the weakness in their corporate structure and the management reporting and ranks. The concerns around this came up because the turnaround company wondered if the institution had proper management controls in place to ensure high profitability as well as quality (Argan, 2013). High quality comes with high profitability because people need assurance on the condition they receive. The turnaround company also brought up the issue of management controls to ensure that ethics can apply in the organization in support of the right decision making.
Healthcare facilities require looking for other means of securing their finances beyond their banks. According to Argan (2013), other financial institutions, aside from banks, offer lower interest rates, are more flexible, which are luring factors to consider. In his article, the author states that securing financing beyond banks gives companies a better chance of expansion as opposed to looking for finances in banks.
Article Review 2
In the article, the authors make a good argument for the need for broadening the methods which healthcare providers use to calculate break-even analysis. Through the different options, the authors show different sectors where hospitals lose money they should be gaining ...
Reconfiguring Cooperation Mechanism and Survival of Deposit Money Banks in So...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study examined the relationship between reconfiguring cooperation mechanism and
survival of Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The study adopted the cross-sectional research
survey design. The population for this study was twenty-two deposit money banks registered in Nigeria and
operating in South–South. Primary data was generated through structured questionnaire. Census sampling was
adopted because our population of study was not large. Hence, the entire population of 22 Deposit Money Banks
was adopted as a census. However, the total respondents for this study were 154 Regional/Zonal Managers of
the twenty-two Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The research instrument was validated by
supervisors’ vetting and approval while the reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach
Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank
Order Correlation while the partial correlation was used to test the moderating effect of nature of the
environment. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. Findings study showed that there is a
significant relationship between reconfiguring cooperation mechanism and survival of deposit money banks in
South-South, Nigeria. Therefore, this study concludes the survival of Deposit Money Banks in South-South,
Nigeria is well enhanced though reconfiguring cooperation mechanism. Hence the study recommends that
Deposit Money Banks should strive to get new knowledge, skills, markets and distribution channels from new
partners and new cooperation mechanisms because this will reduce its product development risks and
investments, and increase the benefit of new products.
KEYWORDS: Agility, Flexibility, Reconfiguring Cooperation Mechanism, Resourcefulness, Survival
Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in the Banking Sector: The ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In this article, we explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability with particular reference to Ethiopian financial industry. In line with this, the paper investigated the practice of corporate social responsibility and its impact on profitability in two private banks in Ethiopia. The study used two sampling phases. The first one is to sample out the two banks among the sixteen private banks operated in the country and the second phase is to select number of respondents within the selected banks. According to National Bank of Ethiopia, (NBE, 2020) annual report among the sixteen private commercial banks operated in the country, six of them were operated in the industry for more than 20 years and two banks namely Dashen and United banks were randomly selected for the study. The study used questionnaires as an instrument for data collection and the Cronbach alpha test was used to test the reliability of the instrument. Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the nature of strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variables (philanthropic, ethical, legal and economic responsibilities) and the dependent variables (profitability), regression analysis was also employed to determine the degree in which the dependent variable can be predicated or explained from the independent variables. The finding reveals that ethical, philanthropic, legal and economic responsibilities of CSR dimension have a positive and significant impact on profitability of the banks. Furthermore, the overall finding of the study suggested that CSR practice of banks has a significant impact on the level of their profitability. The study recommends that banks should improve their efforts exerted towards their CSR practice in order to enhance their profitability.
The purpose of this research was to empirically investigate the effect of capital structure on financial sustainability
of deposit-taking micro finance institutions (DTMs) in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the impact
of debt on the financial sustainability of DTMs in Kenya, to assess the influence of retained earnings on the financial
sustainability of DTMs in Kenya, to examine the effect of ordinary share capital on the financial sustainability of
MFIs in Kenya, and to investigate the impact of preferred share capital on the financial sustainability of DTMs in
Kenya. The target population of the study was all the 13 DTMs in Kenya registered with the Central Bank of Kenya.
Secondary data was collected on all the DTMs financial data from the Central Bank of Kenya reports. Data was
analyzed using multiple regression model using SPSS and R as the data analysis tool. Based on the findings 76.9%
of the DTMs did not earn enough revenue to cover the actual financing direct costs, which include the total operating
costs, loan loss provisions and the financing costs but excluding the cost of capital. The analysis of variance
(ANOVA) table indicated that the predictor variables influenced the predictor variable significantly at 5%
significance level. Among the four variables; debt and retained earnings were statistically significant variable at 5%
significance level with 1.265 and 1.630 coefficient respectfully. Whereby the financial sustainability change by
1.265 and 1.630 for every unit change of debt or retained earnings respectfully. Therefore, for the deposit-taking
microfinance institutions to remain afloat in the lending business, they should utilize any borrowing opportunity,
plough back profits to the business, and low proportion of preferred share capital. Deposit-taking microfinance
institutions should avoid usage ordinary share capital as it negatively affected financial sustainability
Running Head CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES 1.docxtodd271
Running Head: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES 1
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES AND PROTECTION 27
Critical Analysis of the Whistleblower Incentives and Protection
Professor’s Name
Student’s Name
Course Title
Date
Contents
List of Figures 5
Introduction 6
Background Information 6
Cognate (Finance) 7
Problem Statement 7
Purpose of the Study 8
Research Questions 8
Relationship of the Research Questions to Problem Statement 9
Nature of the Study 10
Methodology 11
Design 11
Fixed, Flexible, and Mixed Method Designs 12
Appropriateness of flexible design in this research? 12
Qualitative research methods 13
Interviews 14
Case study 14
Methods for Triangulation 14
Appropriateness of the Single Case Study 15
Research Framework 15
Research Framework Diagram 16
Research Framework Concepts 17
Research Framework Theories 17
Maslow’s Motivational Theory 17
Transformational Leadership Theory; 17
McClelland’s need theory; 18
Research Framework Actors 18
Leaders 18
Followers; 18
Accountants; 18
Research Framework Variables 19
Leadership style; 19
Intrinsic motivation; 19
Whistleblower demographic; 19
Variables to Include Critical Analysis 20
Related Studies 20
Anticipated and Discovered Themes 20
Summary 21
Definition of Terms 21
Assumptions, Limitations, Delimitations 22
Significance of the Study 23
Reduction of Gaps in the Literature 24
Implications for Biblical Integration 24
Relationship to Cognate 24
Summary 25
Conclusion 25
References: 26
List of Figures
Figure 4.1 conceptual framework diagram…………………….………………………….15
Introduction
Whistleblower incentives and protection refers to the monetary reward as well as protection which the United States Government offers to the individuals who expose certain wrongdoings in the community more especially in government institutions. The Federal law requires the government to reward the whistleblowers a certain percentage of money that is recovered following their tips of exposing the wrongdoing acts. This percentage may go up to 30 percent of the total recovered money. In this paper, I will critically analyze whether Whistleblower Incentives and Protection are ways of applying investment banking incentives to control management unethical and illegal practices. And maybe are the whistleblowers rewarded accordingly in terms of security and money.Background Information
Whistleblower incentives and protection rights are clearly stated per the federal laws. The main reason for having such laws is to promote transparency and motivate people to shun unethical behavior in various professions. Corruption is the main vice that is targeted by whistleblower incentives and protection. Federal laws require government agencies to provide maximum security to a whistleblower in the process of investigating a vice and even after the culprits have been apprehended. More so, it is required by law that the whistleblower gets a certain amount of the recovered resources. Whistl.
JW House FundraiserJourney Through the Enchanted Forest Ga.docxpauline234567
JW House Fundraiser
Journey Through the Enchanted Forest Gala
Silent Auction
Table Decor
Specialized cocktails for Event
Three Screens will be Placed for Optimum Viewing by all Attendees
New House Announcement
Happy 30th Birthday, JW!
Auction
Isle down Center Allows Fundraising Auctioneer to Engage Audience
Balloon
Drop
S’mores Sponsored by Largest Corporate Donor
Finish the Evening with Dancing & Beverages
Image Sources
http://springfields.net.au/media/catalog/category/_2_43.png
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/36/fa/fe/36fafee1408521530bfa23368e604d55.jpg
https://www.thegirlcreative.com
http://ballooncity.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/danceFloorFlipPNG.png
https://t3.rbxcdn.com/ea203ae8bb1787569f5e375cde0a93b2
http://jwhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/jwPortraitStory.jpg
http://royalcandycompany.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Smores-Buffet.jpg
https://lhueagleeye.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/crowd_20080505124150.jpg
www.socialtables.com
https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/03/0d/c8/a7/santa-clara-convention.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.winspireme.com/LPP/Buy-it-Now-Logo.png
http://www.tastefultreats.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/g/o/gourmet-kosher-sweets-gift-basket.png
https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/piratesonline/images/b/b3/Chest.png/revision/latest?cb=20090707201032
http://pngimg.com/uploads/question_mark/question_mark_PNG126.png
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1. INTRODUCTION. Begin by stating what you will discuss and explain why is important.
2. CRITICAL SUMMARY. Summarize the relevant views and the arguments that you believe are important.
Usually in a critical discussion it is not sufficient to merely summarize the author’s view. Your attention should be
focused on the author's development of the view--that is, on his arguments, in the broadest sense of the word.
3. CARE IN CITATIONS. Make sure you accurately state the position of the author and always include page
references for each quotation or attribution to her/him if applicable.
4. CRITICAL EVALUATION FROM A CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE. At least half of your paper must be devoted
to a critical evaluation of the views of the author you are discussing from the perspective of the Christian thesis that
a Christian call in business may prop-up the role of the markets.
5. CONSIDER POSSIBLE RESPONSES TO YOUR OBJECTIONS. Whenever you offer an objection to an
author's position, explicitly consider whether the author has said anythin.
Interpret a Current Policy of Three CountriesInstructionsAs .docxpauline234567
Interpret a Current Policy of Three Countries
Instructions
As a scholar in public administration, you are asked to present options based on three different countries' information for the next congressional meeting in your state. Be sure to include the following information:
• Perform a SWOT analysis of each immigration system presenting the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each system. You are required to evaluate the United States' system but may choose two other countries besides Costa Rica and Ghana as these were already covered in your weekly resources. Topics such as ethics, history, actors, budgeting can be incorporated into your SWOT analysis.
• Facilitate an immigration benefit analysis for each system to determine the best fit for your state (be sure to identify your state to provide context for your presentation).
• Prepare a plan for the implementation of your chosen immigration program.
Compare how the immigration system is treated in three countries (the U.S. and two other countries).
Length: 12 to 15 pages, not including title and reference pages
References: Include a minimum of seven scholarly references.
The completed assignment should address all the assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, reflect academic expectations, and current APA standards.
Respond to
two or more of your colleagues’ posts in one or more of the following ways:
(100 words each Colleague)
· Ask a question about or provide an additional suggestion for the risks that your colleague’s organization might face if it engaged in the capital investment project.
· Provide an additional perspective on the level of risk associated with the project your colleague identified for their selected organization or on how willing/capable the organization might be in taking on and managing the risks your colleague identified.
· Offer an insight you gained from your colleague’s summary of the trade-offs between risks and returns and/or their recommendation for their selected organization to move or not move forward with the project.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned or any insights you have gained as a result of the comments your colleagues made.
1st Colleague to respond to:
The risks associated with a capital investment project for medical equipment for healthcare organizations such as hospitals, as discussed in Week 7, are listed below.
· An inadequate system of budget management caused by unethical conduct.
· The lack of a clearly defined internal process management framework
· Insufficient communication channels within the organization.
The information provided by the managerial accountant assists in making crucial business decisions. Thus, if such information is fabricat.
INTRODUCTIONWhen you think of surveillance, you may picture tw.docxpauline234567
INTRODUCTION
When you think of surveillance, you may picture two police officers camped out in an unmarked car, watching the comings and goings at a suspect’s apartment building. Or you may imagine an investigator trailing a car on the highway or tapping a suspect’s phone to listen in on potentially incriminating conversations. Surveillance is all these activities, but in the 21st century, it is also much more.
Consider video surveillance of local businesses, streets, and highways; cell phone data; and the reams and reams of digital information gathered on everyday activities—from social media and computer use to credit card transactions.
This week, you analyze concerns related to this new era of surveillance, such as privacy and legal requirements.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Students will:
Analyze issues related to privacy and surveillance
Describe surveillance
Differentiate between legal and illegal surveillance
Analyze legal requirements for conducting surveillance
PRIVACY VERSUS PUBLIC SAFETY
The average citizen today may feel as though they are constantly being watched and their actions recorded. And perhaps rightly so. After all, social media sites market personalized products based on how you use the Internet, cell phones pinpoint your location, and fitness trackers transmit your health and fitness activities to the cloud. This sense of being “spied on,” however, does not negate the important use of surveillance techniques in solving and preventing crime.
For this Discussion, you analyze how to balance two sometimes opposing sides in surveillance work: the expectation of privacy and the goal of public safety.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
YOU WILL FIND THE READING FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT IN THE ATTACHED READING MATERIALS PLEASE GO THERE AND READ BEFORE TRYING TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT SO YOU WILL UNDERSTAND WHAT IS NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE WORK….
Post a response to the following:
When conducting surveillance, explain how to balance an expectation of citizen privacy with legitimate investigative procedure that has public safety as its goal.
Explain whether citizens should differentiate between government intrusion and private companies who use citizens’ online data to surveil their movements and activity.
.
Interviews and Eyewitness Identifications AP PhotoMat.docxpauline234567
Interviews and
Eyewitness
Identifications
AP Photo/Matthew Apgar
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter you will be able to:
• Identify the evidence collected
by investigators in the BP
gas station robbery and
discuss its role in the
identification and apprehension
of the perpetrator.
• Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of using facial
identification software and
forensic sketches to create
composite pictures of
suspects.
• Identify and discuss the
rationale of the recommended
lineup procedures.
• Discuss the research that
has been conducted on the
accuracy of hypnotically elicited
testimony. • Identify the difference between
primary and secondary
witnesses and give an example
of each.
• Discuss the value of eyewitness
identifications in establishing
proof. • Compare and contrast the
cognitive interviewing approach
with standard police interviews.
• Identify and discuss the
methods of eyewitness
identifications.
• Identify the three phases of
human memory and discuss
how factors at each phase
may affect the retrieval of
information from witnesses.
• Discuss the contributions
of cognitive interviewing in
enhancing memory recall.
From the CASE FILE
BP Gas Station Robbery
The introduction to this chapter consists of a police
report (edited for length) of the investigation of an
armed robbery of a British Petroleum (BP) gas station
that occurred on August 22, 2011, in Germantown,
Wisconsin (a suburb of Milwaukee). The report serves
as an example of a criminal investigation case report
and also highlights issues discussed in this chapter,
such as the value of eyewitness identification. Issues
discussed in other chapters, including the important
role of patrol officers in investigations, crime scene
photographs, investigation of robbery and auto theft,
and the value of DNA, are also present in this report.
Incident Report Number: 11-014277,
Report of Officer Toni Olson
On Monday, August 22, 2011, I, Officer Olson, was
assigned to investigate and respond to a robbery, which
had just occurred at the County Line BP, located at 21962
County Line Road. Officers were advised that the c I erk at
the BP gas station had called the non-emergency number
reporting that a younger wh ite male came into the store and
hit him over the head with an unknown object before taking
money out of his cash drawer and leaving in a red SUV or
truck, northbound on Bell Road. A possible registration
of 583RIB was given out for the suspect vehicle. I, along
with Lt. Huesemann, Officer Brian Ball, and Officer Daniel
Moschea of the Germantown Police Department responded.
Upon arriving on scene, officers were advised that witnesses
reported the suspect veh icle leaving the scene of the
robbery northbound on Bell Road into a subdivision. The
witnesses also stated that they had not seen the suspect
vehicle leave the subdivision, which only has two ways to get
in and.
Interview Presentation: Questions
To prepare:
· Identify an interview subject with a different cultural background than you.
· Ask your interview subject the questions below. Be sure to record the interview and/or take good notes.
During the interview, ask the individual the following interview questions:
· Have you ever lived or visited outside of the United States? If so, where? Describe the experience.
· What do you identify as your culture?
· What are the most important values and beliefs of your family and community?
· What are the important events, traditions, celebrations, and practices in your family or community?
· How does your family or community define gender roles?
· How do you identify your:
· Race
· Ethnicity
· National origin
· Color
· Sex
· Sexual orientation
· Gender identity or expression
· Age
· Marital status
· Political belief
· Religion
· Immigration status
· Disability status
· How well do you fit within your family or community based on these other identities you hold?
· How do you think others outside your community view your culture?
· Have you experienced prejudice or discrimination? Please describe.
Social Media and Ethical Considerations
Walden’s MSW Social Media Policy
A student’s presence on and use of social media reflects on the MSW program and the social
work profession; therefore, behavior on social media will be held to the same professional
standards and student code of conduct expectations. Social Work professionals, including
students, are expected to adhere to the NASW Code of Ethics related to virtual communications.
Students should use social work values and principles, as well as specific agency policy, to guide
their social media interactions.
Students need to consider the ethical consequences of their own social media use, as well as use
of social media in practice. Be aware of and follow agency policies regarding the use of social
media. Before using social media communication tools on behalf of a field agency, students
must seek agency approval of any messages or posts.
Walden MSW students are expected to adhere to the ethical standards outlined in the NASW
Code of Ethics. Common ethical issues that social workers need to understand and manage when
utilizing social media include, but are not limited to, privacy and confidentiality (Section 1.07),
conflicts of interest and dual relationships (Section 1.06), and informed consent (Section 1.03).
There is significant risk of unintentionally sharing protected information when using social
media. Be cautious when posting information about an agency. Never post confidential or
private information about clients or colleagues, even using pseudonyms.
Students need to remain aware of professional boundaries even when participating in social
media in their personal time. Managing “friend” requests and maintaining privacy settings is
critical regardless of whether a student uses social me.
INT 220 Business Brief Template Course Project.docxpauline234567
INT 220 Business Brief Template
Course Project
Section One: Drivers for Global Entry
Going global would afford the company many benefits including increased sales and revenues. Japan is a developed market and thus the purchasing power of the consumers is high, which implies that many consumers will be able to purchase our products. Expanding to Japan will enable increased profits that can be reinvested in research and development of new technology and innovation that will create a competitive advantage for both domestic and international market. In addition, entering the foreign market will help the business to tap into new market segment. According to International Data Corporation (IDC), Apple was the largest smartphone brand in 2020 in Japan with a 47.3 percent market share (Sudarshan, 2021). The data shows that Japan would be an ideal market for quality phone cell cases due to high purchase of smartphones. Therefore, the company will benefit from increased sales and profits.
Section Two: Market Profile
Cultural Profile
CategoryUnited StatesJapan
Commonly Spoken Languages
English
Japanese
Commonly Practiced Religions
Christianity
Shinto
Power Distance Index (PDI)
40
54
Individualism Versus Collectivism (IDV)
91
46
Masculinity Versus Femininity (MAS)
95
62
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)
92
46
Long-Term Orientation Versus Short-Term Normative Orientation (LTO)
88
26
Indulgence Versus Restraint (IVR)
42
68
Political and Economic Profile
CategoryUnited StatesJapan
Political System
Representative democracy
Constitutional monarchy
Current Leaders
Joseph Biden president
Fumio Kishida prime minister
Economic Classification
Developed
Developed
Economic Blocs Impacting Trade
World trade organization
World trade organization
Gross Domestic Product
23 trillion USD
4.9 trillion USD
Purchasing Power Parity
22,996.08
100.412
Gross Domestic Product Per Capita
69,287.54 USD
39,285.16 USD
Human Development Index
Very high 0.921
0.919
Human Poverty Index
$26,246 for a family of four
Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day
In terms of economic development, both countries have developed economy, thus making them ideal for business. Consumers have high purchasing power which means that they are able to purchase new products. US has a higher GPD compared to Japan, however, this can be attributed to the size and population of U.S. compared to that of Japan. Furthermore, both countries are members of World Trade Organization, which means that their trade operations with other nations are regulated and subject to WTO regulations. The culture in Japan is hugely different then the culture in America. Americans are self-motivated while the Japanese culture embraces more of a group mentality and looks for approval from their superiors before making big decision. Both cultures work long hours and take very little breaks. For the most part Japanese culture is more formal in the work place then in the U.S.
Section Three: Market Consideratio.
Instructor Name Point Value 30Student NameCATEGORY .docxpauline234567
Instructor Name: Point Value: 30
Student Name:
CATEGORY Excellent (12–11 points) Good (10–9 points) Fair (8–7 points) Poor (6–1 points) Did Not Complete (0 points) # of points
Content Quality
40% of total Discussion
grade
Student participated in the
Discussion about the presented
topic with detailed, relevant,
supported initial posts and
responses. Student enhanced
points with examples and
questions that helped further
discussion. Discussion is well
organized, uses scholarly tone,
follows APA style, uses original
writing and proper paraphrasing,
contains very few or no writing
and/or spelling errors, and is fully
consistent with graduate-level
writing style. Discussion contains
multiple, appropriate and
exemplary sources
expected/required for the
assignment.
Student participated in the
Discussion about the presented
topic with detailed, relevant,
supported initial posts and
responses. Discussion is mostly
consistent with graduate level
writing style. Discussion may have
some small or infrequent
organization, scholarly tone, or
APA style issues, and/or may
contain a few writing and spelling
errors, and/or somewhat less than
the expected number of or type of
sources.
Student participated in the
Discussion about the presented
topic with adequate content but
the content lacked either detail,
relevancy, or support. Discussion
is somewhat below graduate level
writing style, with multiple smaller
or a few major problems.
Discussion may be lacking in
organization, scholarly tone, APA
style, and/or contain many writing
and/or spelling errors, or shows
moderate reliance on quoting vs.
original writing and paraphrasing.
Discussion may contain inferior
resources (number or quality).
Content of student's post and
responses was not clear, relevant,
or supported. Discussion is well
below graduate level writing style
expectations for organization,
scholarly tone, APA style, and
writing, or relies excessively on
quoting. Discussion may contain
few or no quality resources.
Student did not submit a post or
response.
CATEGORY Excellent (12–11 points) Good (10–9 points) Fair (8–7 points) Poor (6–1 points) Did Not Complete (0 points) # of points
Engagement
40% of total Discussion
grade
Student participated actively as
evidenced by strong reflective
thought in both the initial post and
in responses to classmates' posts.
Student response participation
exceeded the stated minimum
requirements.
Student participated actively as
evidenced by strong reflective
thought in both the initial post and
in responses to classmates'
posts.Student responses
contributed to classmates'
experience.
Student participated somewhat
actively as evidenced by posts
and responses that were adequate
but lacking strong reflective
thought.
Student did not participate actively
as evidenced by little reflective
thought in i.
InstructionsThere are two high-level types of distribution cha.docxpauline234567
Instructions
There are two high-level types of distribution channels, direct and indirect. In the direct distribution channel, goods are moved directly from the Producer to the Consumer. In the indirect distribution channel, the producer will meet consumer demand through third -party wholesalers and/or retailers. Direct channels produce short supply chains, indirect channels produce long chains.
Research and report on two large producers, Costco and Apple, and describe in detail which distribution approach each company uses -- direct, indirect, or mixed – for at least two products in each company.
Your APA paper should be at least 1,000 words in length.
.
InstructionsNOTE If you have already reviewed this presentation.docxpauline234567
Instructions
NOTE: If you have already reviewed this presentation in a different class please enter class number and instructor’s name in the submission text box below.
____________________________________________________________________
If you have not reviewed this presentation in a previous class, please proceed.
Please review the curated presentations below. These presentations will prepare you for writing deliverables that meet the expectations of this course. We want you to be successful in all your courses so please refer back to this tool often. This presentation is located in the library and the Student Center. To view an presentation, please click on the button below. Be sure to review all five presentations for this week!
Presentation Four: The Research Process & Choosing a Topic
Presentation Five: Types of Sources
Presentation Six: Search Strategies & Techniques
Presentation Seven: Evaluating Information
Presentation Eight: Ready to Shine!
When you have finished reviewing all five presentations, please copy and paste the following statement into the submission box below:
STATEMENT: I HAVE REVIEWED WEEK TWO INFORMATIONAL PRESENTATION. I UNDERSTAND THIS PRESENTATION IS ALSO LOCATED IN THE LIBRARY AND STUDENT CENTER FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
.
InstructionsRead two of your colleagues’ postings from the Di.docxpauline234567
Instructions:
Read two of your colleagues’ postings from the Discussion question.
Respond with a comment that asks for clarification, provides support for, or contributes additional information to two of your colleagues.
Timia Brown (
She/Her)
In healthcare, whether long-term or acute care, interdisciplinary communication is necessary to provide patient-centered care. The two scenarios provided both effective and ineffective communication.
Scenario 1
Assuming the leader for the interdisciplinary rounds was the case manager, she introduced the nursing student, who was not paying attention. The case manager did not present other team members, so the student was left guessing. The pharmacist and the physical therapist were laughing and talking during the discussion. There was no engagement; the MD was on her phone, and everyone was preoccupied. Each team member individually knew the patient and his shortcomings, yet there was no preparation for the actual engagement with each other. Each team member projected issues onto the next member, using terms such as "somebody" or "someone" needed to do this. There was no responsibility for care. The team spoke unprofessionally to each other, using words like "yep" and "umm." In the end, the case manager assigned responsibility; however, the disciplines accepted the responsibility grudgingly. The team's disrespect for each other was portrayed to the student, who was disengaged throughout the meeting. The patient was not ready to be discharged from the sound of this scenario. The patient's pain was not controlled, nor was his anxiety; no equipment had been ordered for discharge. The patient's safety was not a priority in this meeting, which could lead to readmission or fall risk at home.
In scenario two, the team all appeared happy to be there, with smiling faces and excellent eye contact. The leader engaged the nursing student immediately by having the team introduce themself. The team was much more prepared and engaged. Each member respected the other's role in providing care and a safe, patient-centered discharge. The team took responsibility for what was needed from each of them now and at the time of release. The communication was more two-way communication. They did a recap of what was discussed, and everyone willingly took part in making sure the patient went home safely and confidently.
Effective communication between interdisciplinary teams must be present to provide the care needed for each patient. It starts with respecting each other's role in the patient's care and remembering the patient is the priority. The
Journal of Communication in Healthcare stated the leading cause of all sentinel events from 1995 to 2004 was ineffective communication. (2019, Altabba) Therefore effective communication could decrease the number of incidents, and lead to proper care.
References
Altabbaa G, Kaba A, Beran TN. Moving from structure.
InstructionsRespond to your colleagues. Respond with a comment .docxpauline234567
Instructions:
Respond to your colleagues. Respond with a comment that asks for clarification, supports, or contributes additional information to two or more of your colleagues.
Reynaldo Guerra
As influencers in our society, that bring about social change in healthcare as all those we contact, the type of agent I would align with is a Purposeful Participant. Where "School or work are the primary motivations for involvement in positive social change." (
What kind of social change agent are you? n.d.) are what defines greatly the type of agent I am. Due to my desire to expand my education and grow, I have been allowed to not just see but know that I can contribute to various aspects of healthcare. At the hospital I currently am employed, many principles are introduced to us and help us with making a difference for our patients as all professionals alike by the way we interact and the relationship we create with everyone. Even if driven by these two motivators, they have opened my eyes and expanded my limitations in the change we can bring about.
This eye-opening experience has changed my perspective on how I can make a social change with all those around me. I now feel that a cascade effect comes from my changes as little as it might seem, it gets passed down and impact larger changes in the long run. How I speak with my patients and show the advocate I am for them in addressing their healthcare issues with importance, to the trust and relationship I have created with the primary care providers, goes to show these small social changes can in the end bring a great change for all. This has shown me that social change has a larger purpose in the end and even as small of a change we bring about, if we all come together and do the same, the results would be even more significant than what we perceived as a small change in the beginning. From our professional interactions with one another to our desire to help and better our care with all patients alike, these changes have a great purpose and impact on our future as everyone else.
Apart from that, social change has influenced my education by motivating me to seek ways to make a difference in a community project presented by my university. It has ignited a flame in me, so to speak, and piqued my interest in seeing what my university has to offer in making a social change. Whether this is by being part of projects, joining a committee, or being part of future alumni programs to help others. Also, being able to refine my nursing practice in our community as in the hospital has been a change for me. This, in turn, will be put forth in the interactions and relationships I create with my patients, colleagues, peers, and others I come in contact with, hopefully, bringing a social change in the end. This is what the principles of social change will bring about for me.
References
Walden University. (n.d.).
What kind of social change agent are you? Lin.
Instructions
Procurement Outsourcing (PO) Strategies:
PO strategies at the highest level involve either materials or traditional business processes such as HR, IT, Finance, Accounting, Travel/Entertainment services, Marketing/Print/Advertising, or Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Your task here is to choose a public business organization and report on what direct materials are being outsourced. Direct materials are categorized as strategic (high-impact), bottleneck items (low-profit impact and high-supply risk), leverage items (high-profit items and low-supply risk), or non-critical (low-profit impact and low-supply risk). Describe the outsource process in detail, who provided the outsourced services, and what direct materials were involved.
You are to prepare a PowerPoint presentation, with a minimum of twelve (12) slides, to include inline citations, a cover slide, and a slide of references. Your citations and references should be APA-compliant.
Level of writing: Exemplary
.
InstructionsPart Four of Applied Final Project,Playing with Ge.docxpauline234567
Instructions
Part Four of Applied Final Project,Playing with Gender: Understanding Our Gendered Selves:
"Understanding My Playing-with-Gender Act" (20% of course grade; due end of Week 7) Five (5) pages (1200-1500 words)
All parts of this project should be formatted in APA style (follow for both essay and citation styles):https://libguides.umgc.edu/c.php?g=1003870
Purpose: Act Analysis
In this part of the assignment, you will perform, describe, and analyze your act. After you perform your act, compose a 5-page (1200-1500 words) task specifying your experiences. The first section (one-third to one-half of your paper) should describe your act and your responses to it, and the second section should analyze your act in terms of the scholarship on gender:
Section One (minimum 500 words):
1. Describe your act:
2. What did you do?
3. Where did you do it?
4. How did you prepare for it?
5. What responses did you get while performing your act?
6. How did you feel while performing your act?
7. What would you do differently if you had to perform this same act again? Would you perform the act in the same location and at same time? Would you change your appearance during the act? Would you do anything else differently?
8. Please refer directly to the required reading on Participant Observation (Mack et al., 2005) in this section of the paper (Mack et al., 2005) (
PLEASE see attached for document):
Mack et al. (2005). "Module Two: Participant Observation," from
Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector's Field Guide, Family Health International. Read Module 2, pages 13-27. Retrieved from
https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/Qualitative%20Research%20Methods%20-%20A%20Data%20Collector's%20Field%20Guide.pdf
Section Two: (minimum 700 words):
(Please see attached for document listing the sources)
Referring directly to at least three academic sources for support (these may be pulled from the sources you identified and discussed in your Annotated Bibliography for Part 3
and/or the readings for this class), consider the potential impact of your act. Here are some questions to consider (you do not have to answer all of these questions; they are provided to help you to think about ways your act may have impact on society):
· Can you explain the range of reactions to your act? Did those reactions reflect any of the sociological scholarship found in the course readings or in your research? Did any of the reactions challenge that research?
· How do you think class, race, age, and sexuality came into play during the conception and performance of the act?
· Was performing this act an act of feminism? Why? and, if so, what type(s) of feminism?
· Was your act an act of activism? That is, could it help to create social change? If so, how?
Please see attached for Project 1, 2 & 3 for information and assistance.
Qualitative
Research
Methods:
A DATA CO L L E.
InstructionsClients come to MFTs because they want to change, .docxpauline234567
Instructions
Clients come to MFTs because they want to change, whether the change is in cognitions, structure, insight, or something else. Therefore, it is important for you to understanding why, when, and how people change. This week, you will continue the exploration of core concepts related to systems theory and its application to MFT field concepts. You will review several concepts associated with change including homeostasis, first-order change, second-order change, continuous change, and discontinuous change.
Complete the provided worksheet template located in this week’s resources. Note: You will use the worksheet you complete this week as part of your work in Week 4.
For each item, be sure to address the following:
· Record a direct quotation that defines the concept or describes the assumption.
· Paraphrase the definition or description by explaining the information in your own words. As you are paraphrasing, keep in mind that concepts often involve several interrelated ideas. When you are paraphrasing, be sure to not oversimplify the concept.
· Provide an original example (not one you read about in the course resources) of the concept or assumption.
· Explain how your example reflects the definition. Refer to your paraphrased definition in order to compare the example to the concept.
Should you have questions or need clarification on any items, please contact your professor to discuss it.
Length: 1-2 pages (completed template). Additional resources/reference page is not required.
Your cheat sheet should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University's Academic Integrity Policy.
Upload your document, and then click the
Submit to Dropbox button.
Building Blocks to Conceptualizing Family: A Family System’s Perspective Valerie Q. Glass, PhD, LMFT
Background of Systemic Thinking
Systemic thinking, for some, means trying on a new and unique lens when considering “presenting problems” that arise in therapeutic settings. Most mental and emotional health backgrounds study individual cognitive and emotional processes, systemic thinking means a shift in looking at one person to looking at a whole system. Keeney (1983) calls this change in professional theory an epistemological shift. Epistemology, most basically, is the way one understands what is in front of them, and the root with which decisions are made. Helping fields all develop from different epistemologies. Psychiatry views medicine and biology as their epistemological construct of how or why people act the way they do. Much of the epistemological focus of social work fields embraces the necessity or connecting to resources and social support as a catalyst for change. Psychology explores the make-up of the individual’s mind and develops steps for change. Family systems, and.
INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA.docxpauline234567
INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA
Lecture 3: Fall 2022
Professor Aliakbar Jalali
[email protected]
1
Internet of Things Enabling Technologies
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Overview
Introduction
Evolution of the Technology
Some significant statistics
IoT Technology
Risks of IoT Technologies
Use Cases of IoT Technology!
What are IoT Enabling Technology
Conclusion
References
2
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
Because of technological changes taking place in the world, IoT is gradually taking over all the fields, and the future of the IoT applications are increasing day by day.
Technological advances are fueling the growth of IoT.
Technology improved communications and network, new sensors of various kinds; cheaper, denser, more reliable, and power efficient storage both in the cloud and locally are converging to enable new types of IoT based products that were not possible a few years ago.
IoT technology will further develop to make our day-to-day operations much easier and more remotely controlled in the days to come.
3
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
Businesses need to constantly explore IoT applications within their domain to stay ahead in competitiveness and implementation.
The competition will primarily define in the coming decade as how companies take advantage of innovative technology.
However, it is the dominant technology that determines the future of many businesses attached to the future of the internet of things (IoT).
4
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UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
The emerging trends in IoT are majorly driven by technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, 5G and edge computing.
We need to know more in detail about the elements that make up broad spectrum of technologies, we know as the Internet of Things.
Technological advances lies in the business value of IoT applications like smart wearables, smart homes and buildings, smart cities, autonomous cars, smart factories, location trackers, wireless sensors and much more.
5
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UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Technology is changing the world!
Technology is changing the world.
It is changing the way we communicate, shop, learn, travel, play and of course the way we work.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/05/06/internet-things-could-really-change-way-live/
6
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UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
6
Introduction: Technology is changing the world!
7
Global gigabit subscriptions are expected to jump to 50 million in 2022, more than doubling from 24 million at the end of 2020, according to a new report from analyst firm Omdia.
High Speed Internet!
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UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Social Media is Changing societies!
8
Are you on social media a lot? When is the last time you checked Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram? Last n.
Insert Prename, Surname of all studentsWinter Term 202223Theo.docxpauline234567
Insert Prename, Surname of all students
Winter Term 2022/23
Theory Factsheet: Insert name of theory
Level of analysis
Insert levels of analysis, e.g., organisation, individual, social
Dependent construct(s)
Please insert the dependent construct(s) of the theory
Independent construct(s)
Please insert the independent construct(s) of the theory
Short description of the theory
Please describe the theory in full sentences.
Cause-Effect Model
Please insert a visual diagram of the cause-effect relationships or factor model of the theory (if available).
Applications of the theory
Please describe for which purposes / in which fields the theory has been applied.
Which relevance does the theory have for digitalization in organizations?
Criticism
Describe alternative views, potential critique, and open discussion on the theory.
References
Insert sources and references used in this factsheet in APA 7th style.
Students will write a 2-3 pages essay analyzing one of the topics addressed during the semester under the section of Contemporary Issues: Human Rights. The student will be free to choose any of the topics discussed during class as well as his/her opinion about it.
1. Choose a topic (death penalty, assisted suicide, abortion, death by euthanasia, bioethics… etc.)
2. First page: description of the problem (is is here Fl, or national or worlwide, statistics, etc)
Second page: YOUR ETHICAL POSITION ABOUT IT (why is this an ethical issue, where your argument os coming from, etc)
3. REFERENCES (could be ppt, movie, article, web, book)
The writing will be evaluated for clarity and proper handling of terms, phrases, and concepts addressed up to this date. APA or MLA style will be required
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/.
Reading listWinter semester 2022/23
Version 24.09.2022
Reading
Package
No.
Theories Papers
Information Systems Foundational Theories
Structuration Theory Orlikowski, W.J. (1992). The Duality of Technology: Rethinking the Concept of Technology in Organizations. Organization Science, 3 (3), 398-
427.
Structuration Theory Orlikowski, W.J. and Robey, D. (1991). Information Technology and the Structuring of Organizations. Information Systems Research, 2 (2),
143-169.
Structuration Theory Walsham, G. and Han, C.K. (1991) Structuration theory and information systems research. Journal of Applied Systems Analysis 17: 77-85.
Institutional Theory Barley, S.R and Tolbert, P.S. (1997). Institutionalization and structuration: studying the links between action and institution. Organization
Studies 18 (1): 93-118.
Institutional Theory Orlikowski, W. J., & Barley, S. R. (2001). Technology and institutions: What can research on information technology and research on
organizations learn from each other? MIS Quarterly, 25(2), 145.
Design Science Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., & Ram, S. (2004). Design science in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 28 (1), 75.
Informative SpeechCourse COM103 Public SpeakingCriteria.docxpauline234567
Informative Speech
Course: COM103 Public Speaking
Criteria Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Criterion Score
Introduction / 10
Material / 8
Transitions / 10
10 points
Introduction
contained a
strong
attention
getter,
introduction of
the topic,
credibility
statement, and
previewed the
speech.
7 points
Introduction
contained 3 of
the following:
a strong
attention
getter,
introduction of
the topic,
credibility
statement, and
previewed the
speech.
4 points
Introduction
contained 2 of
the following:
a strong
attention
getter,
introduction of
the topic,
credibility
statement, and
previewed the
speech.
0 points
Introduction
contained 1 of
the following:
a strong
attention
getter,
introduction of
the topic,
credibility
statement, and
previewed the
speech.
8 points
Material was
clear AND
well organized
5.6 points
Material was
either clear
OR well
organized
3.2 points
NA
0 points
Material was
neither clear
and well
organized
10 points
Transitions
were clear and
used after the
intro, between
each main idea
and before the
conclusion
7 points
Transitions
were clear, but
were not used
in all areas:
after the intro,
between each
main idea and
before the
conclusion
4 points
Transitions
used after the
intro, between
each main idea
and before the
conclusion,
but were not
effective
0 points
Transitions
were not used.
Rubric Assessment - COM103 Public Speaking - National University https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/competencies/rubric/rubrics_a...
1 of 4 12/6/22, 5:38 PM
Criteria Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Criterion Score
Conclusion / 8
Time limit / 8
Preparation
outline
uploaded
/ 8
8 points
The
conclusion
contained a
strong closing
AND the
speaker
signaled the
end of the
speech
5.6 points
The
conclusion
contained a
strong closing
OR the
speaker
signaled the
end of the
speech
3.2 points
The speaker
needs
improvement
signalling the
end of the
speech and a
stronger
closing.
0 points
The
conclusion
neither
contained a
strong closing
and the
speaker did
not signal the
end of the
speech
8 points
The length of
the speech
was between
5 and 6
minutes
5.6 points
NA
3.2 points
The length of
the speech
was shorter
than 5 minutes
or longer than
6 minutes
0 points
NA
8 points
The
preparation
outline was
uploaded with
the speech
5.6 points
The
preparation
outline was
uploaded after
delivering the
speech
3.2 points
The
preparation
outline was
not in a
preparation
outline format
0 points
The
preparation
outline was
not uploaded.
Rubric Assessment - COM103 Public Speaking - National University https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/competencies/rubric/rubrics_a...
2 of 4 12/6/22, 5:38 PM
Criteria Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Criterion Score
Eye Contact / 10
Delivery / 10
Non verbals / 10
Overall
preparation
/ 8
10 points
The speaker
had strong eye
contac.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
JP Morgan Chase The Balance Between Serving Customers and Maxim.docx
1. JP Morgan Chase: The Balance Between Serving Customers and
Maximizing Shareholder Wealth
Penelope Bender
William Woods University
BUS 585: Integrated Studies in Business Administration
Dr. Leathers
Abstract
This paper investigates why JP Morgan Chase and other
financial institutions struggle to balance client interests over
maximizing wealth.
It is an exploratory study done through literature review.
Often financial institutions, like JP Morgan, put profits ahead of
the interests of those they serve.
The paper contributes to better understanding of corporate
culture.
This paper investigates why JP Morgan Chase and other
financial institutions struggle to balance client interests over
maximizing shareholder wealth. This exploratory study is done
through a literature review to answer why financial institutions,
specifically JP Morgan, often put profits ahead of those they
serve. The study will provide evidence of the complex nature of
balancing client interests over maximizing shareholder and
individual wealth and the need for tighter internal and external
oversight. This paper contributes to a better understanding of
why corporate culture encourages profit over stakeholders’
interests.
2. 2
Research Question
Why does JP Morgan Chase and other financial institutions
struggle to balance client interests over maximizing shareholder
wealth?
Employees of JP Morgan Chase and other large banks work in
their best interests to increase wealth and succeed by meeting
management goals. However, because of the complex nature of
large banks, an individual(s), unethical behavior can go
unchecked.
3
Problem Statement
JP Morgan Chase competes globally and faces competition from
other large banks in the US and abroad.
JP Morgan Chase is part of a complex system of regulation,
self-interests, and wealth creation.
The interests of shareholders and investors is sometimes
overshadowed by agents working in their own best interests.
Financial markets are a complex web of interests, and because
of opportunities for individual profits, regulating individual’s
actions without stricter regulations and internal oversight is
impossible.
The study is not meant to be a moral or ethical analysis but
merely why the complex relationship exists and will continue to
exist in capitalist society. This paper contributes to a better
understanding of why capitalism or financialism’s (Clarke,
2014) fundamentals encourage wealth creation. Financial
3. markets are a complex web of interests, and because of
opportunities for individual profits, regulating individual’s
actions without stricter regulations and internal oversight is
impossible.
4
Literature Review
The literature review showed a connection between self-
interests, regulators, competition, and risk, which all lead to a
complex system of conflicting agendas.
5
How Self-Interests Influence Behavior
Ross (1973) explains that all employment relationships are
agency relationships and moral hazards are generally due to
such relationships.
In an SEC case against JP Morgan Securities (JPMS), JP
Morgan acknowledged violating federal securities laws from
January 2018 to November 2020, allowing traders to
communicate about securities through a texting app, WhatsApp,
and personal emails.
Corporate governance theory explains how leverage influences
agency costs and firm performance (Berger & Bonaccorsi di
Patti, 2006).
There are always conflicting goals within an organization, but
the problem is when the individual’s goals (because of
compensation packages) become part of the institutional
culture. It becomes a “theory of relationships embedded in
4. social structures featuring social norms” (Mitnick, 2021).
6
Financial Standards and Regulations
The financial crisis was during deregulation resulting in
devastating losses and economic upset.
Born (2011), who served on the Financial Crisis Inquiry
Commission (FCIC), believes the support for self-regulating
reforms caused the risk in the financial system.
Lobbying by large financial institutions affects regulations.
Lambert (2017) found that 44.7 percent of regulators do not
seek enforcement against banks that lobby.
Lobbyists have influenced the effects of the Dodd-Frank since it
was passed in 2010. Ban and You (2019) studied lobbying
regarding the Dodd-Frank Act. Their findings support other
research by Lambert (2017) on their influence on policymakers.
They found that the number of meetings with the SEC and
lobbying reports were positively correlated to citations on the
final rules.
7
How Competition Affects the Financial Markets
Competition often reduces banking stability by “squeezing
profits,” increasing pressure on banks’ to make risker decisions
to increase profit (Corbae & Levine, 2018).
Another study by Degl’Innocenti, Fiordelisi, Girardone &
Radica (2019) also found evidence supporting competition
leading to the fragility in the market.
Bannier, Feess, and Packham (2013) studied how executive
compensation and competition in the market for such talent
increased excessive risk-taking beyond the interest of the board
5. and its shareholders.
When risk-taking is rewarded because of talent competition, it
results in excessive risks to the market. Employees in this
category have a more significant stake in the company and may
feel privileged to make their own rules. For example, this
happened when managers of JP Morgan Chase allowed
employees to use “WhatsApp” to evade regulators (Franck &
Son, 2021).
8
Risks to the Financial Market
Research done by Erturk (2016) argues that no amount of
regulation will safeguard against risk until the shareholder
value business models are changed.
Bell and Hindmoor (2017) did a study focusing on the
information before 2005 and after (up to 2015) and found that
although regulation controlled leveraged financial trading, it
has not changed the dynamics of the banking industry.
The board of directors and the CEO are at the center of
controlling internal risk.
The board’s role is to ensure “bank stability by monitoring
executives” and controlling unnecessary risk-taking (Srivastav
& Hagendorff, 2016).
Boards have an influence on executive behavior and have
control of that behavior through compensation structure. For
example, research shows that after deregulation, US bank
boards created compensation packages with “option-based
equity incentives to encourage risk-taking” (Srivastav &
Hagendorff, 2016). To control risk-taking and encourage long-
term growth, boards could tie compensation to incentives that
6. encourage bank stability.
9
Methodology
This paper’s analysis is based on written sources.
It covers four areas: agency theory behavior, regulations
(external and internal), competition and economic risk.
It looks at JP Morgan and other large financial institutions'
unethical and illegal actions to make sense of the complex
relationships.
Explores why regulators are unsuccessful at controlling risk.
Explores how competition affects the actions of financial
institutions.
Finally, looks at how actions pose risks to the economy.
Traders are often motivated by self-interest to concentrate on
short-term profits and personal wealth creation. Jasper et
al.(2005) talks about the tensions between individuals’
strategies (opportunism) and institutional control (restraint).
Corporate governance theory explains how leverage influences
agency costs and firm performance (Berger & Bonaccorsi di
Patti, 2006).
10
Results
This exploratory study provides evidence of the complex nature
of balancing agents’ and principals’ interests.
This analysis found conflicting goals between regulatory
agencies and corporate governance.
Regulatory agencies aim to control risk and protect the economy
from a financial crisis, which conflicts with the shareholder
management model that aims to increase equity and share price.
7. Research by Srivastav and Hagendorff (2016) discusses the need
for additional risk management. To reduce risk in times of
crisis, we should design reforms to increase the probability that
the real economy remains insulated (Geithner, 2017).
11
Discussion
This research can help to better understand the complex nature
of the financial industry, regulatory agencies, corporate
governance, and risk.
Managers can benefit from understanding the importance of
corporate governance to control internal risks and corporate
culture.
The gap areas of this study was posed by the amount of current
research available on agency theory and corporate governance
in banking.
Future research should focus on addressing internal governance
and regulatory policies that deter illegal actions and promote
long-term stability in the market.
The literature review shows the complex nature of banking and
the risks of deregulation and competition. This paper reviews
prior work and gives insights for further research on agency
theory, governance, competition, and risk management. The
number of academic studies on banking limited the scope of this
paper
12
Conclusion
8. The research shows the need for stronger external and internal
regulations in financial institutions.
Failures in the banking system have a ripple effect throughout
the economy.
Banks have government guarantees which may increase risk-
taking (Srivastava & Hagendorff, 2016).
Governance is necessary to control the risks.
This paper aims to understand the complex nature of the
financial industry, the underlying culture of wealth creation,
regulatory struggles, and economic risks. After the financial
crisis, it was clear that banking regulations were insufficient to
control risk and that deregulation and self-governance were
inefficient. The research shows the need for stronger external
and internal regulations, a change in the corporate culture, and
penalties that deter illegal actions.
13
Works Cited
Ban, P. & You, H. Y. (2019). Presence an influence in lobbying:
Evidence from Dodd-Frank. Business and Politics. 21(2), 267-
295.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-
and-politics/article/presence-and-influence-in-lobbying-
evidence-from-
doddfrank/C75E6EFC1109A84676EF6ABD0B2BC588
Bannier, C., Feess, E., & Packham, N. (2021, February 27).
Competition, bonuses, and risk-taking in the banking industry.
Review of Finance, 17(2), 653-690.
Https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfs002
Batson, C. D. & Thompson, E. R. (2001, April). Why don’t
9. moral people act morally? Motivational considerations. Current
Directions in Psychological Science, 10(2), 54-57
Bell, S. and Hindmoor, A. (2017). Are the major global banks
now safer? Structural continuities and change in banking and
finance since the 2008 crisis. Review of International Political
Economy. ISSN 0969-2290
https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2017.1414070
Berger, A. and Bonaccorsi di Patti, E. (2004). Capital structure
and firm performance: A new approach to testing agency theory
and an application to the banking industry. Journal of Banking
& Finance, 1065-1102
Only references from this paper have been included. A complete
list of references is at the end of my thesis.
14
Works Cited
Borch, C. (2016). High-frequency trading, algorithmic finance,
and the Flash Crash: Reflections on eventalization, Economy
and Society, 45(3-4). 350-378,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.216.1263034
Born, B. (2011). Foreword: Deregulation: A major cause of the
financial crisis. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 5(2), 231-243.
Bradshaw, C. (2020). Credit rating agencies: regulation and
liability. Lewis & Clark Law Review, 24(4), 1489-1526.
Chen, J., Zhang, H. Xiao, X, & Li, W. (2011). Financial crisis
and executive remuneration in banking industry: An analysis of
five British banks. Applied Financial Economics, 21(23), 1779-
1791.
https://eds-p-ebscohost-
com.wwu.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=931d8bac-
1e06-4efa-b792-
10. 1be9fc77e84a%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d
#AN=64853456&db=buh
Clarke, T. (2014, March). The impact of financialization on
international corporate governance: the role of agency theory
and maximizing shareholder value. Law and Financial Markets
Review.8(1), 39-51. https://eds-s-ebscohost-
com.wwu.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=544ded74-
c955-4ff4-8ddc-
ac62e7a7073f%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d
#AN=95697283&db=asn
The references from this paper are too long for the presentation,
therefore, only works cited in the presentation are included.
15
Works Cited
Clayton, N. (2015). Failures in the prudential regulation of
banks in the UK and US: Will the lessons be learn? Law and
Financial Market Review, 9(2), 130-153.
Corbae, D. & Levine, R. (2018, September 14). Competition,
Stability, and Efficiency in Financial Markets.
https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/ross_levine/Papers/JH091418.p
df
Dowd, K. (2009). Moral hazard and the financial crisis. Cato
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095a84d-21ae-4adb-832b-9970e0562211%40redis
Erturk, I. (2016). Financialization, bank business models and
the limits of post-crisis bank regulation. Journal of Banking
Regulation. 17(1/2), 60-72.
Geithner, T. F. (2017). Are we safe yet? How to manage
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He, W. P. (2012). Banking regulation in China: What, why, and
how? Journal of Financial Regulation & Compliance, 20(4),
367-384. https://doi-
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Hill, C. & Jones, T. (1992, March). Stakeholder-Agency
Theory. Journal of Management Studies, 29(2), 131-154.
16
Works Cited
Hindmoor, A. & McConnell, A. (2013). Why didn’t they see it
coming? Warning signs, acceptable risks, and the global crisis.
Political Studies, 61, 543-560.
Jasper, J., Abolafia, M. & Dobbin, F. (2005). Structure and
Strategy on the Exchanges: A Critique and Conversation About
Making Markets. Sociological Forum, 20(3), 473-486.
Jensen, M. C. & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the Firm:
Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure.
Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
Menand, L. (2018). Too big to supervise: The rise of financial
conglomerates and the decline of discretionary oversight in
banking. Cornell Law Review, 103(6), 1527-1588.
Mitnick, B. (2021). The theory of agency redux. Academy of
Management Discussions, 7(2), 171-179.
Ross, S. A. (1973). The Economic Theory of Agency: The
Principal’s Problem. The American Economic Review, 63(2),
134-139.
Srivastav, A. & Hagendorff, J. (2016). Corporate governance
and bank risk-taking. Corporate Governance: An International
Review, 24(3), 334-345.
12. Zeidan, M. J. (2012). Effects of illegal behavior on the financial
performance of US banking institutions. Journal of Business
Ethics, 112(2), 313-324.
17
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image3.emf
Results Section
Donte Walker
Department of Business and Technology, William Woods
University
BUS 585- Intergrated Studies and Business Administration –
Fall 2 2022
Dr. Leathers
13. Socialist market economy is distinct from 'market economy' due
to the CPC's continued authority over national policymaking,
which allows the country to follow its socialist growth path.
Deng Xiaoping and the CPC shifted their attention from culture
(Mao) to advancing the material productive forces, resulting in
the socialist market economy. The CPC uses a combination of
public and private actors to steer the Chinese socialist market
economy in the direction it wants to go. In this sense, the state
plays a considerably more significant role than it would in a
free market economy. As was clear from the start when MNCs
began relocating to China in the 1980s and 1990s, the Chinese
government is picky about the kind of businesses and industries
it allows to operate within its borders (Feng & Li, 2019). When
China first opened its doors to the automotive sector, it did so
after engaging in thorough negotiations with various
international manufacturers and licensing only those projects
deemed to be beneficial to China's development. The Chinese
were eager to master automobile production because of the
historical significance of the automotive sector to the country's
economy.
When an international company forms a joint venture with a
Chinese partner, the international company will often share its
proprietary know-how with the Chinese partner and teach the
Chinese partner how to use it. However, there are certain
exceptions to this rule. Despite the Chinese partner's contractual
and WTO obligations to cease such production, several
complaints have been lodged about the Chinese partner's
continued production of the same items after a JV has been
14. dissolved. This is despite the fact that the Chinese partner is
required to cease such production (Feng & Li, 2019). Since
September 2017, the Chinese government has been waging a
campaign to improve the country's protection of intellectual
property rights (IPR), in which they have pledged to crack down
on activities that infringe on intellectual property rights and to
increase judicial and administrative safeguards. Despite this, the
United States has continued to lodge a complaint against China
at the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the country's
weak protection of intellectual property rights (IPR). Due to the
high expense of research and development in the automobile
sector, protecting their intellectual property rights is absolutely
necessary in order to keep their advantage over their
competitors. The industry is currently going through a time in
which research and development is more important than it has
ever been before since driverless vehicles and NEVs seek to
shake things up (Wang, 2022). There is a compelling theoretical
case in favor of selecting an entry strategy that takes into
account the requirement to protect intellectual property. The
development of electric and hybrid vehicles is the focus of one
of the research and development facilities that GM maintains in
China. This center is a joint venture between GM and SAIC.
The fact that China has the most people of any country in the
world makes it a very appealing market for automobile
manufacturers. The rise in foreign direct investment (FDI) in
China can be attributed to the country's sizable consumer
market as well as its robust economic growth, which reached its
all-time high of $290 billion in 2013 before falling to $174
billion in 2016 (Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP,
current US$), no date) (Wang, 2022). Even though the pace is
much slower, multinational firms from other countries are
continuing to make significant investments in China. China has
been the largest market for vehicles globally since 2009, and
sales have only climbed since then, so automakers have been
increasingly looking to the country to enhance their bottom
lines. Since 2009, China has been the largest market for
15. vehicles worldwide.
References
Feng, K., & Li, J. (2019). Challenges in reshaping the sectoral
innovation system of the Chinese automobile industry. In
Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual
Property in India and China (pp. 415-438). Springer, Singapore.
Wang, K. H., Su, C. W., Xiao, Y., & Liu, L. (2022). Is the oil
price a barometer of China's automobile market? From a
wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile regression perspective.
Energy,
240, 122501.
Methodology Section
Donte Walker
Department of Business and Technology, William Woods
University
BUS 585- Intergrated Studies and Business Administration –
Fall 2 2022
Dr. Leathers
16. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are the two basic types
of research methods that should always be utilized in the field
of research. Quantitative methods focus more on numerical data
and provide and analyze that data, whereas qualitative methods
place more emphasis on narrative data and provide and analyze
that data. Both quantitative and qualitative methods collect and
analyze data (Basias & Pollalis, 2018). The primary objective of
this research paper written in the style of a case study is to
investigate the success that Honda has had in globe. This
investigation will focus on the company's entry modes, the entry
obstacles, and the trade barriers, as well as how these aspects
influence Honda's decision-making. As a direct consequence of
this, the research approach that was taken was qualitative. Case
studies can be developed by conducting in-depth analyses of
events, and qualitative research can be of assistance by shining
light on the conditions in question as they exist in the real
world. Any study of social phenomena that involves the
researcher using a wide variety of empirical data to assess a
case in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the subject
matter is considered to be qualitative research. In order for the
researcher to obtain a comprehensive comprehension, this study
takes a qualitative approach to Honda's research in order to
17. conduct the investigation.
PESTEL, which is one of the most effective tools for
conducting macro-environment analysis for the purposes of
conducting company operations, as well as the theories of joint
venture and exporting and totally owned subsidiary, will serve
as the initial foci of this article. Next, as a case study, we'll
investigate Honda Motors to find out more about the business's
approach to market entry. In this situation, we will use the OLI
paradigm to investigate Honda's entry mode strategy, after
which we will provide an analysis of our findings as well as
some suggestions for how the corporation might better its future
expansion into new markets (Borgstede & Scholz, 2021). The
techniques chapter devotes the majority of its discussion to the
overarching research perspective. The paper will start with an
introduction, then move on to a description of the research
methodologies and strategies that were utilized, followed by the
data collection, analysis, and interpretation sections. At long
last, the report will wind down with a summary of any pertinent
conclusions and recommendations.
The primary objective is to pinpoint Honda Motors' technology
utilization across its numerous entry modes in various markets.
From there, the objective is to construct a more solid basis upon
which to advise the company on the most appropriate entry
mode for its future global operations. Ultimately, the goal is to
advise the company on the most effective entry mode for its
future global operations. In light of the fact that this is of the
utmost significance when it comes to the process of providing
suggestions for the future operations of Honda all over the
world, we will be doing research into the regulatory
environment and entry difficulties.
In the process of doing research, both deductive and inductive
thinking are utilized to an essential degree. According to this
definition, the deductive method of inquiry comprises creating
hypotheses in light of previously established scientific
principles and theories, testing those hypotheses, and drawing
legitimate and, at times, paradoxical conclusions from the
18. results of those tests. In direct opposition to this is the
inductive method, which centers on the accumulation and
analysis of empirical facts in order to reach conclusions about
the world and, ultimately, on the generation of novel concepts
(Basias & Pollalis, 2018). Because qualitative research is
naturally more subjective and able to adapt to altering priorities
throughout the course of the research process, the inductive
method finds widespread application within this methodology.
Since empirical data, statistics, yearly reports, and corporate
websites were all reviewed in order to obtain information, the
inductive technique was applied to produce this paper. This
material was then studied in order to provide the researcher
with an in-depth acquaintance with Honda.
References
Basias, N., & Pollalis, Y. (2018). Quantitative and qualitative
research in business & technology: Justifying a suitable
research methodology.
Review of Integrative Business and Economics
Research,
19. 7, 91-105.
Borgstede, M., & Scholz, M. (2021). Quantitative and
Qualitative Approaches to Generalization and Replication–A
Representationalist View.
Frontiers in psychology,
12, 605191.
Introduction, Problem Statement, and Literature Review
Donte Walker
Department of Business and Technology, William Woods
University
BUS 585- Intergrated Studies and Business Administration –
Fall 2 2022
Dr. Leathers
November 20, 2022
20. Introduction
Japanese automaker Honda Motor Co., Ltd. is a publicly traded
company. Unlike its competitors, it has not been limited to a
single product over the course of its decades-long reign over the
global market. The business's reach spans many fields, making
it highly versatile. The corporation is best known for
manufacturing automobiles, airplanes, motorcycles, and power
equipment (Badhon, 2019). The Honda Motor Company, Ltd.,
was established in 1959, and since then it has become a
worldwide leader in the production of bikes and accessories.
Honda Motor Company, one of the world's largest automakers,
offers a diverse lineup. For Honda, the United States and
Canada are the primary sources of revenue (Muniandy et al.,
2020). Honda's products have evolved throughout the years, and
the corporation today provides a wide variety of cutting-edge
innovations. But competition is heating up as more businesses
set their sights on the global market.
Mr. Honda developed the idea of attaching an engine to a
bicycle. There was an immediate demand for Mr. Honda's
motorcycles. With the help of his friends, he was able to raise
enough money to buy the materials necessary to build a
motorcycle with significantly more range (Badhon, 2019). His
primary means of financial support were motorcycles and
bicycles, which he sold to black marketers and small cycling
enterprises. Company founder Soichiro Honda has had a passion
for cars since he was a young boy (Bahety et al, 2018). At the
Art Shokai tuning company in Japan, he filled in as a specialist,
making adjustments to cars and entering them in competition.
Since he had no formal architectural training, he worked on a
cylinder layout to pitch to Toyota. After receiving negative
21. feedback on his preliminary design suggestions, Soichiro spent
a great deal of time honing and completing his final design.
After some years, Toyota awarded him a contract, and he built a
factory to produce pistons for the corporation. Unfortunately,
the factory was destroyed by an earthquake. Because of the
wartime fuel shortage, Honda was unable to drive his car,
However, the idea of mounting a small motor on his bicycle
sparked widespread interest (Bahety et al., 2018). Soon after, he
established the Honda Technical Research Institute to focus on
developing and producing lightweight, 2-cycle cruiser engines.
Soichiro got enough capital to design and produce his first
motorbike, the Honda Cub, by enlisting the support of 18,000
bicycle shop owners across Japan in the struggle to rebuild a
country ripped apart by World War II. Founded in this year,
Honda Motor Company would soon grow to become the largest
motorcycle manufacturer in the world. The T360 pick-up truck,
manufactured by Honda and released in August 1963, was the
first manufacturing automobile anywhere in the globe (Badhon,
2019). The automobile was powered by a 356 cc gasoline
straight-4 engine and qualified for the more affordable Kei car
tax category. After the T360, in October 1963, Honda began
production on the S500 sports car, their first mass-produced
automobile (Badhon, 2019). A chain drives the rear wheels,
recalling Honda's origins in the motorcycle industry.
According to company’s goal statement, Honda strives to
"provide products of the best quality, yet at a reasonable price
for international customer satisfaction while keeping a global
perspective." The statement demonstrates the company's
commitment to provide high-quality items at competitive prices.
The structure is comprised of the following element:
Improvement of life and Improving affordability (Badhon,
2019). Since the beginning, Honda has been committed to
producing high-quality products, giving them an edge on the
competition. Honda's success can be directly attributed to its
corporate statements.
To "service people globally with the joy of enhancing their
22. life's potential - Lead the advancement of mobility and empower
people everywhere to enhance their daily lives," as stated by
Honda, is the company's stated mission. Honda has been at the
forefront of ground-breaking designs that enhance mobility
across all modes of transportation, including land, air, and sea
(Badhon, 2019).
While Hondas firm limited has expanded into the automobile
industry and is now the third largest carmaker in Japan, the
company orginally began producing bikes and is currently the
largest motorbike producer in the world. The United States is
their best market and where the company sees the most success.
Most of Honda's revenue comes from selling automobiles,
including the Accord, Civic, CR-V, and the high-end Acura
brand (Bahety et al., 2018). The Accord is the country's second
most popular car purchase, yet it tops the list of most stolen
cars, making it the most "in-demand" automobile in the country.
Some of Honda's motorcycle offerings include the Super Cub,
Foresight, and Shadow 750. In addition to agricultural and
industrial gear, portable generators, outboard motors, and all-
terrain vehicles are produced by the company's power products
section, which contributes to the company's annual revenues
(Bahety et al., 2018).
The market challenges experienced by Honda are the primary
focus of this essay. Honda Motors employees in China wanted
to form their own union so that they could have a voice in the
company. In addition, they sought a raise in pay and benefits.
Nearly 1700 employees went on strike when the corporation
refused to meet their demands. Management now faces a critical
issue as a result of this predicament (BHARGAVI). The
company's sales and revenue dropped, and Honda had trouble
finding enough people to work in its factories. It also became a
political issue, which hurt the company's reputation in the eyes
of its target audience.
Literature Review
According to Badhon (2019), one of the most prestigious
product segments in terms of revenue is the automotive sector, a
23. term encompassing a wide range of businesses and trade groups
involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing,
and exchange of motor vehicles, towed vehicles, two-wheeled
vehicles, and mopeds. It's a major source of international trade
and economic growth (Badhon, 2019). The term "automotive
industry" typically excludes businesses whose primary product
is a written providing to the support of autos and 1 subsequent
thing rounded up to the end-user, such as repair shops and fuel-
up stations.
As per Bahety et al (2018), there is a massive market for high-
tech automobiles. Many American businesses rely on
production, distribution, and maintenance. To compete in the
luxury market, Honda removed all references to the company's
origins from its vehicles. Customers did not connect Honda's
rising prestige with the company as a whole (Bahety et al,
2018). Honda has finally released an encouraging product, and
the success of this launch was measured by the company's
profitability, market share, and the success of the new model
thus far. The success of the expansion is heavily reliant on the
advertising strategy that backs it. In light of these gains, Honda
has satisfied the criteria for advancement necessary for vertical
growth. The company credits its successful advertising strategy,
which it says is vastly different from the advertising strategy it
employs for its non-luxury businesses (Bahety et al, 2018).
Honda enjoyed a perfect trait-relationship with its customer
base in terms of quality and consistency, but the renown-
relationship was less than stellar. Honda Motor Company felt it
necessary to counter the negative glory relationship of the
parent brand, in which the parent brand's name did not
automatically convey prestige in the high-end market (Bahety et
al, 2018). Honda came up with the Acura brand to combat this
problem, and it has been incredibly successful for the company.
There have been more seamless openings in the supply chain as
a result of the increased global trade of vehicle parts according
to Muniandy et al (2020). Pakistan has swapped vehicles with a
number of different economies. These days, it's not unusual at
24. all to see recycled cars or auto parts manufactured in Asia or
Europe. Due to their higher cargo costs, the value of imports
has not yet diminished the advantage of local manufacturers
(Muniandy et al, 2020). However, in Asia, this sort of trade is
prohibited because of the high interest rates in countries like
China and India. Auto manufacturing is the sixth largest
assembly sector in Pakistan. During the past few years, it has
experienced explosive growth, with year-over-year increases of
over 100%. Every year, the automotive industry adds over $6
billion to the US economy. It generates roughly $0.82 billion in
revenue for governments through indirect charges, and it
directly creates 215k jobs. At the same time, this region
contributes at least 16% to Pakistan's manufacturing sector
(Muniandy et al, 2020). The auto industry in Pakistan is quickly
rising to prominence as a driver of the country's economic
growth and international trade because to the country's plethora
of opportunities for workplace innovation and forward and
backward connections in allied businesses. Suzuki, Honda, and
Toyota are the three most well-liked automakers in Pakistan,
accounting for 62%, 9%, and 28% of the market share,
respectively.
According to Bhargava & Chandravathi, Honda operates in
Pakistan's automobile sector under varying theories of
diversification and specialized cooperative activity with leading
global fabricates. It is also argued that there is a strong
rationale for buying in from the nearest neighbors if the buy in
of completed products is to be established at a greater value.
The automobile industry in Pakistan might be considered to be
under distinct control (Bhargava & Chandravathi). There's no
denying that the top three automakers control the vast majority
of the industry. It's also more likely that prices in an
oligopolistic market will be set in stone. This rigidity could
manifest itself if, for example, a price hike by one manufacturer
isn't matched by others, or if a price cut by one manufacturer
leads to a price cut across the board. Honda Pakistan brought
this to customers' attention by offering price cuts of PKR
25. 30,000 on the Honda Civic and PKR 40,000 on the Honda City
(Bhargava & Chandravathi). For better or worse, fascinating
times lie ahead for the auto industry and the three Japanese
automakers in Pakistan. Honda, the smallest of the big three
automakers, is now the brightest example. The company has
grown steadily, utilizing only 50% of its present capacity, but
its share of the automobile market has increased, from 9% in
2009 when it first began selling vehicles in the country to 20%
in 2014.
As per Boiral et al (2022), it’s possible that Honda may become
the industry leader in terms of both money and progress. In the
past year alone, its stock price has risen dramatically. The
company's redesign and introduction of a new Civic have been
well received by consumers (Boiral et al, 2022). The most
current data available (7MFY17) reveal that consolidated deals
are up 51% year-on-year, and that January 2017 witnessed the
most significant deals the company has sold in a month to date.
Five-one percent of Honda's production is local.
According to Thomas (2019), the distribution industry relies
heavily on achieving stronger restrictions, but this has become
increasingly difficult due to surging crude material imports.
Import prices will rise in response to any change in the dollar's
parity with the rupee. Retailers have already begun petitioning
for a waiver of the RD on steel component imports. It is
impossible to construct confinement without massive volumes
(Thomas, 2019). Each iteration of the model and layout
necessitates a fresh round of innovation, which in turn
necessitates massive investments of billions of rupees.
According to Chahande (2022), low numbers of coordinated
efforts were another reason for not achieving desired results
towards indigenization. Pakistan also pays a fraction of the cost
that Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and India do for eminences
and specialized charges. Even that is difficult due to standard
and federal spending regulations.
As per Park (2021), Honda of Pakistan is a joint venture
between the Japanese and Pakistani branches of the firm. As
26. was just described, Honda operates in Pakistan's automotive
sector via two large, combined ventures, both of which are tied
to the Atlas Group. Perhaps most interestingly, the Atlas Group
owns a share in Honda in Pakistan exceeding 50%.
References
Badhon, M. (2019). Analysis on Market and Business Strategy
of Honda, DHS Motors Limited.
Bahety, S., Moffitt, B., Pruchnik, W., & O’Rourke, J. S.
(2018).
Honda motor company: communication and the takata
airbag crisis. The Eugene D. Fanning Center for Business
Communication, Mendoza College of Business, University of
Notre Dame.
Muniandy, A. M., Kee, D. M. H., Izwan, S., Imran, M., Al-
Amin, A. A., Kumar, S., & Singh, S. (2020). The key success
factor: A study of Honda Motor.
Journal of the Community Development in Asia
27. (JCDA),
3(2), 67-77.
BHARGAVI, T., & CHANDRAVATHI, K. A STUDY ON
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS ON
HERO MOTOR CROP.
Boiral, O., Brotherton, M. C., Rivaud, L., & Talbot, D. (2022).
Comparing the uncomparable? An investigation of car
manufacturers' climate performance.
Business Strategy and the Environment,
31(5), 2213-2229.
Thomas, V. J., & Maine, E. (2019). Market entry strategies for
electric vehicle start- ups in the automotive industry–Lessons
from Tesla Motors.
Journal of Cleaner Production,
235, 653-663.
Chahande, M. S. S.(2022)
“A study of various purches factor of Yamaha scooter
and its impact on buying behavior vis-à-vis other competition in
the segment (Doctoral dissertation, Rashtrasant Tukadoji
Maharaj Nagpur University).
Park, Y. W., & Park, Y. J. (2021). Corporate Strategy for
Corporate and Ecosystem Sustainability. In
Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurship
for Sustainability (pp. 71-79). Springer, Singapore.
Write a Discussion/ Recommendations and Conclusion for the
paper attached
Discussion/Recommendations – In this section, you should
28. apply your results to the specific problem under investigation in
a more subjective way. List and discuss any recommendations
developed in response to your research and results pertaining to
the problem under investigation. “Organization X should
identify individuals high in emotional intelligence as potential
leaders within the organization. Training and development
programs can aid in this effort and reduce the randomness that
is currently present in leader emergence and development within
the firm…”
Conclusion – a concise conclusion to the paper.
Fighting Food Insecurity From The Top
How can the USDA and THE FDA can help through the US
Food Code?
United States Department of Agriculture and The Food and
Drug Administration
1
US Food Insecurity has surpassed 50 Million
During the COVID pandemic, Food Insecurity in America grew
from 35 Million to over 50 Million (rts.com).
2
What is being done?
SOUP KITCHENS
FOOD PANTRIES
DONATIONS
29. MONETARY
GROCERS
RESTAURANTS
Locally in Champaign, IL, there is one soup kitchen and a half
dozen food pantries and numerous churches receiving donations
to pass out to the food insecure.
3
Results of What is being done
Daily bread soup kitchen feeds 400 people two meals a day.
Champaign has 30,000 citizens suffering from food insecurity
29,600 citizens are left food insecure and relying on food
pantries daily to provide sustenance with no guarantee of
availability.
4
What is our government doing?
Pure Food and Drug act (1906) – pure ingredients in food
US Food Code provides guidelines to sale of food
Comprehensive resource for food recovery programs
Bill emerson act
Federal food donation act
Us food loss and waste 2030 champions
30. Results of What Our Government is Doing
The US Food Code provides standards and regulations of
handling food from farm to the table.
Bill emerson act provides companies from civil and criminal
liability to the foods that are donated to non-profits.
Federal food donation act provides further protection of liability
for companies
USDA and EPA(environmental protection agency) encourage a
50% reduction by 2030 by creating The US Food and loss 2030
champions.
NRA(National restaurant Association), EPA, and Feeding
America create the Comprehensive resource for food recovery
programs.
The 768 page US Food Code has less than one page devoted to
food recovery to help the food insecure. The Comprehensive
Resource is 51 pages devoted to increasing the food supply to
the food insecure.
6
Why has Food Insecurity Worsened?
For over 50 years, the USDA and FDA have concentrated their
efforts on the safeties of Food from farm to table.
The efforts for food to go from table to salvaged have been
minimal.
Even the Comprehensive Resource for Food Recovery Programs
is a concentration on building relationships from
grocer/restaurant to Food Distribution Organization (FDO).
31. How can we fix the Problem?
Food Insecurity has worsened while the US and the world places
greater amount of food into landfills. In 2020, during the
pandemic, the US discarded 40 million tons of food. With 50
million suffering from food insecurity, this equates to 4.38 #s of
food a day for each person suffering!!!
8
How do we get less of this?
And more of this?
40% of food waste is accounted for my grocers, restaurants and
food service companies. If we can reduce half of that, we will
create 0.8 #s of food per day for each person suffering from
food insecurity.
9
How government has helped?
Vermont passed the Universal Recycling Law banning three
materials from trash bins
‘Blue bin’ recyclables
Leaf and yard debris
Food scraps
32. As of July 1st, 2020 every Vermont citizen must keep ALL food
scraps out of the trash!!!
10
What is next?
FDA separates into Food Administration (FA) and Drug
Administration (DA)
FDA is too big
16 board members and 3 with food experience
Only one ‘Food’ board member is Full-Time
DA creates departments that concentrate on different steps of
the food process with one concentrating on Salvaging Foods
Education of Restaurant Managers of certification of Salvaged
Food.
Can this be done?
The US Food Code currently states that food that has been held
warm for four hours must be discarded. Why can food at 3:59
be sold for profit; however, food at 4:00 is not salvageable.
In 2017, the Illinois Department of Health instituted a
requirement for one manager in each restaurant/facility to have
Allergen Awareness Training. Why can we not train the
salvaging of food?
With training, this food could go from being servable to
salvageable; creating a considerable amount of food that can
help tackle our food insecure problem.
Why the US Gov’t and the Food Code are the answer?
US Government(new DA)
Local solutions are limited and have been unsuccessful
33. Greater problems require greater solutions
The new DA would have greater resources to help tackle the
problem
Making actions into laws guides citizens to act morally and
ethically correct.
Churches can only do so much, we need governmental bodies
effectively tackling the food insecurity issue.
The Food Code
The Food Code’s guides and standards are part of the problem
If they were a part of the problem, the Food Code can and
should be a part of the solution
Governmental guidelines provide methodologies for managers
to utilize in the salvaging of food.
Governmental guidelines of the FDOs can increase the quality
and the quality of the food prepared as well as the delivery of
the foods to those in need.
If Americans could help tackle the Food Insecurity problem
from the top down, we could see significant progress in the
lives of our neighbors!!!
13
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34. Results Section
Donte Walker
Department of Business and Technology, William Woods
University
BUS 585- Intergrated Studies and Business Administration –
Fall 2 2022
Dr. Leathers
Socialist market economy is distinct from 'market economy' due
to the CPC's continued authority over national policymaking,
which allows the country to follow its socialist growth path.
Deng Xiaoping and the CPC shifted their attention from culture
35. (Mao) to advancing the material productive forces, resulting in
the socialist market economy. The CPC uses a combination of
public and private actors to steer the Chinese socialist market
economy in the direction it wants to go. In this sense, the state
plays a considerably more significant role than it would in a
free market economy. As was clear from the start when MNCs
began relocating to China in the 1980s and 1990s, the Chinese
government is picky about the kind of businesses and industries
it allows to operate within its borders (Feng & Li, 2019). When
China first opened its doors to the automotive sector, it did so
after engaging in thorough negotiations with various
international manufacturers and licensing only those projects
deemed to be beneficial to China's development. The Chinese
were eager to master automobile production because of the
historical significance of the automotive sector to the country's
economy.
When an international company forms a joint venture with a
Chinese partner, the international company will often share its
proprietary know-how with the Chinese partner and teach the
Chinese partner how to use it. However, there are certain
exceptions to this rule. Despite the Chinese partner's contractual
and WTO obligations to cease such production, several
complaints have been lodged about the Chinese partner's
continued production of the same items after a JV has been
dissolved. This is despite the fact that the Chinese partner is
required to cease such production (Feng & Li, 2019). Since
September 2017, the Chinese government has been waging a
campaign to improve the country's protection of intellectual
property rights (IPR), in which they have pledged to crack down
on activities that infringe on intellectual property rights and to
increase judicial and administrative safeguards. Despite this, the
United States has continued to lodge a complaint against China
at the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the country's
weak protection of intellectual property rights (IPR). Due to the
high expense of research and development in the automobile
sector, protecting their intellectual property rights is absolutely
36. necessary in order to keep their advantage over their
competitors. The industry is currently going through a time in
which research and development is more important than it has
ever been before since driverless vehicles and NEVs seek to
shake things up (Wang, 2022). There is a compelling theoretical
case in favor of selecting an entry strategy that takes into
account the requirement to protect intellectual property. The
development of electric and hybrid vehicles is the focus of one
of the research and development facilities that GM maintains in
China. This center is a joint venture between GM and SAIC.
The fact that China has the most people of any country in the
world makes it a very appealing market for automobile
manufacturers. The rise in foreign direct investment (FDI) in
China can be attributed to the country's sizable consumer
market as well as its robust economic growth, which reached its
all-time high of $290 billion in 2013 before falling to $174
billion in 2016 (Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP,
current US$), no date) (Wang, 2022). Even though the pace is
much slower, multinational firms from other countries are
continuing to make significant investments in China. China has
been the largest market for vehicles globally since 2009, and
sales have only climbed since then, so automakers have been
increasingly looking to the country to enhance their bottom
lines. Since 2009, China has been the largest market for
vehicles worldwide.
References
Feng, K., & Li, J. (2019). Challenges in reshaping the sectoral
innovation system of the Chinese automobile industry. In
Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual
Property in India and China (pp. 415-438). Springer, Singapore.
Wang, K. H., Su, C. W., Xiao, Y., & Liu, L. (2022). Is the oil
price a barometer of China's automobile market? From a
37. wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile regression perspective.
Energy,
240, 122501.
Methodology Section
Donte Walker
Department of Business and Technology, William Woods
University
BUS 585- Intergrated Studies and Business Administration –
Fall 2 2022
Dr. Leathers
38. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are the two basic types
of research methods that should always be utilized in the field
of research. Quantitative methods focus more on numerical data
and provide and analyze that data, whereas qualitative methods
place more emphasis on narrative data and provide and analyze
that data. Both quantitative and qualitative methods collect and
analyze data (Basias & Pollalis, 2018). The primary objective of
this research paper written in the style of a case study is to
investigate the success that Honda has had in globe. This
investigation will focus on the company's entry modes, the entry
obstacles, and the trade barriers, as well as how these aspects
influence Honda's decision-making. As a direct consequence of
this, the research approach that was taken was qualitative. Case
studies can be developed by conducting in-depth analyses of
events, and qualitative research can be of assistance by shining
light on the conditions in question as they exist in the real
world. Any study of social phenomena that involves the
researcher using a wide variety of empirical data to assess a
case in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the subject
matter is considered to be qualitative research. In order for the
researcher to obtain a comprehensive comprehension, this study
takes a qualitative approach to Honda's research in order to
conduct the investigation.
PESTEL, which is one of the most effective tools for
conducting macro-environment analysis for the purposes of
conducting company operations, as well as the theories of joint
venture and exporting and totally owned subsidiary, will serve
as the initial foci of this article. Next, as a case study, we'll
investigate Honda Motors to find out more about the business's
approach to market entry. In this situation, we will use the OLI
paradigm to investigate Honda's entry mode strategy, after
which we will provide an analysis of our findings as well as
some suggestions for how the corporation might better its future
expansion into new markets (Borgstede & Scholz, 2021). The
39. techniques chapter devotes the majority of its discussion to the
overarching research perspective. The paper will start with an
introduction, then move on to a description of the research
methodologies and strategies that were utilized, followed by the
data collection, analysis, and interpretation sections. At long
last, the report will wind down with a summary of any pertinent
conclusions and recommendations.
The primary objective is to pinpoint Honda Motors' technology
utilization across its numerous entry modes in various markets.
From there, the objective is to construct a more solid basis upon
which to advise the company on the most appropriate entry
mode for its future global operations. Ultimately, the goal is to
advise the company on the most effective entry mode for its
future global operations. In light of the fact that this is of the
utmost significance when it comes to the process of providing
suggestions for the future operations of Honda all over the
world, we will be doing research into the regulatory
environment and entry difficulties.
In the process of doing research, both deductive and inductive
thinking are utilized to an essential degree. According to this
definition, the deductive method of inquiry comprises creating
hypotheses in light of previously established scientific
principles and theories, testing those hypotheses, and drawing
legitimate and, at times, paradoxical conclusions from the
results of those tests. In direct opposition to this is the
inductive method, which centers on the accumulation and
analysis of empirical facts in order to reach conclusions about
the world and, ultimately, on the generation of novel concepts
(Basias & Pollalis, 2018). Because qualitative research is
naturally more subjective and able to adapt to altering priorities
throughout the course of the research process, the inductive
method finds widespread application within this methodology.
Since empirical data, statistics, yearly reports, and corporate
websites were all reviewed in order to obtain information, the
inductive technique was applied to produce this paper. This
material was then studied in order to provide the researcher
40. with an in-depth acquaintance with Honda.
References
Basias, N., & Pollalis, Y. (2018). Quantitative and qualitative
research in business & technology: Justifying a suitable
research methodology.
Review of Integrative Business and Economics
Research,
7, 91-105.
Borgstede, M., & Scholz, M. (2021). Quantitative and
Qualitative Approaches to Generalization and Replication–A
Representationalist View.
Frontiers in psychology,
12, 605191.
41. Introduction, Problem Statement, and Literature Review
Donte Walker
Department of Business and Technology, William Woods
University
BUS 585- Intergrated Studies and Business Administration –
Fall 2 2022
Dr. Leathers
November 20, 2022
Introduction
Japanese automaker Honda Motor Co., Ltd. is a publicly traded
company. Unlike its competitors, it has not been limited to a
single product over the course of its decades-long reign over the
global market. The business's reach spans many fields, making
it highly versatile. The corporation is best known for
42. manufacturing automobiles, airplanes, motorcycles, and power
equipment (Badhon, 2019). The Honda Motor Company, Ltd.,
was established in 1959, and since then it has become a
worldwide leader in the production of bikes and accessories.
Honda Motor Company, one of the world's largest automakers,
offers a diverse lineup. For Honda, the United States and
Canada are the primary sources of revenue (Muniandy et al.,
2020). Honda's products have evolved throughout the years, and
the corporation today provides a wide variety of cutting-edge
innovations. But competition is heating up as more businesses
set their sights on the global market.
Mr. Honda developed the idea of attaching an engine to a
bicycle. There was an immediate demand for Mr. Honda's
motorcycles. With the help of his friends, he was able to raise
enough money to buy the materials necessary to build a
motorcycle with significantly more range (Badhon, 2019). His
primary means of financial support were motorcycles and
bicycles, which he sold to black marketers and small cycling
enterprises. Company founder Soichiro Honda has had a passion
for cars since he was a young boy (Bahety et al, 2018). At the
Art Shokai tuning company in Japan, he filled in as a specialist,
making adjustments to cars and entering them in competition.
Since he had no formal architectural training, he worked on a
cylinder layout to pitch to Toyota. After receiving negative
feedback on his preliminary design suggestions, Soichiro spent
a great deal of time honing and completing his final design.
After some years, Toyota awarded him a contract, and he built a
factory to produce pistons for the corporation. Unfortunately,
the factory was destroyed by an earthquake. Because of the
wartime fuel shortage, Honda was unable to drive his car,
However, the idea of mounting a small motor on his bicycle
sparked widespread interest (Bahety et al., 2018). Soon after, he
established the Honda Technical Research Institute to focus on
developing and producing lightweight, 2-cycle cruiser engines.
Soichiro got enough capital to design and produce his first
motorbike, the Honda Cub, by enlisting the support of 18,000
43. bicycle shop owners across Japan in the struggle to rebuild a
country ripped apart by World War II. Founded in this year,
Honda Motor Company would soon grow to become the largest
motorcycle manufacturer in the world. The T360 pick-up truck,
manufactured by Honda and released in August 1963, was the
first manufacturing automobile anywhere in the globe (Badhon,
2019). The automobile was powered by a 356 cc gasoline
straight-4 engine and qualified for the more affordable Kei car
tax category. After the T360, in October 1963, Honda began
production on the S500 sports car, their first mass-produced
automobile (Badhon, 2019). A chain drives the rear wheels,
recalling Honda's origins in the motorcycle industry.
According to company’s goal statement, Honda strives to
"provide products of the best quality, yet at a reasonable price
for international customer satisfaction while keeping a global
perspective." The statement demonstrates the company's
commitment to provide high-quality items at competitive prices.
The structure is comprised of the following element:
Improvement of life and Improving affordability (Badhon,
2019). Since the beginning, Honda has been committed to
producing high-quality products, giving them an edge on the
competition. Honda's success can be directly attributed to its
corporate statements.
To "service people globally with the joy of enhancing their
life's potential - Lead the advancement of mobility and empower
people everywhere to enhance their daily lives," as stated by
Honda, is the company's stated mission. Honda has been at the
forefront of ground-breaking designs that enhance mobility
across all modes of transportation, including land, air, and sea
(Badhon, 2019).
While Hondas firm limited has expanded into the automobile
industry and is now the third largest carmaker in Japan, the
company orginally began producing bikes and is currently the
largest motorbike producer in the world. The United States is
their best market and where the company sees the most success.
Most of Honda's revenue comes from selling automobiles,
44. including the Accord, Civic, CR-V, and the high-end Acura
brand (Bahety et al., 2018). The Accord is the country's second
most popular car purchase, yet it tops the list of most stolen
cars, making it the most "in-demand" automobile in the country.
Some of Honda's motorcycle offerings include the Super Cub,
Foresight, and Shadow 750. In addition to agricultural and
industrial gear, portable generators, outboard motors, and all-
terrain vehicles are produced by the company's power products
section, which contributes to the company's annual revenues
(Bahety et al., 2018).
The market challenges experienced by Honda are the primary
focus of this essay. Honda Motors employees in China wanted
to form their own union so that they could have a voice in the
company. In addition, they sought a raise in pay and benefits.
Nearly 1700 employees went on strike when the corporation
refused to meet their demands. Management now faces a critical
issue as a result of this predicament (BHARGAVI). The
company's sales and revenue dropped, and Honda had trouble
finding enough people to work in its factories. It also became a
political issue, which hurt the company's reputation in the eyes
of its target audience.
Literature Review
According to Badhon (2019), one of the most prestigious
product segments in terms of revenue is the automotive sector, a
term encompassing a wide range of businesses and trade groups
involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing,
and exchange of motor vehicles, towed vehicles, two-wheeled
vehicles, and mopeds. It's a major source of international trade
and economic growth (Badhon, 2019). The term "automotive
industry" typically excludes businesses whose primary product
is a written providing to the support of autos and 1 subsequent
thing rounded up to the end-user, such as repair shops and fuel-
up stations.
As per Bahety et al (2018), there is a massive market for high-
tech automobiles. Many American businesses rely on
production, distribution, and maintenance. To compete in the
45. luxury market, Honda removed all references to the company's
origins from its vehicles. Customers did not connect Honda's
rising prestige with the company as a whole (Bahety et al,
2018). Honda has finally released an encouraging product, and
the success of this launch was measured by the company's
profitability, market share, and the success of the new model
thus far. The success of the expansion is heavily reliant on the
advertising strategy that backs it. In light of these gains, Honda
has satisfied the criteria for advancement necessary for vertical
growth. The company credits its successful advertising strategy,
which it says is vastly different from the advertising strategy it
employs for its non-luxury businesses (Bahety et al, 2018).
Honda enjoyed a perfect trait-relationship with its customer
base in terms of quality and consistency, but the renown-
relationship was less than stellar. Honda Motor Company felt it
necessary to counter the negative glory relationship of the
parent brand, in which the parent brand's name did not
automatically convey prestige in the high-end market (Bahety et
al, 2018). Honda came up with the Acura brand to combat this
problem, and it has been incredibly successful for the company.
There have been more seamless openings in the supply chain as
a result of the increased global trade of vehicle parts according
to Muniandy et al (2020). Pakistan has swapped vehicles with a
number of different economies. These days, it's not unusual at
all to see recycled cars or auto parts manufactured in Asia or
Europe. Due to their higher cargo costs, the value of imports
has not yet diminished the advantage of local manufacturers
(Muniandy et al, 2020). However, in Asia, this sort of trade is
prohibited because of the high interest rates in countries like
China and India. Auto manufacturing is the sixth largest
assembly sector in Pakistan. During the past few years, it has
experienced explosive growth, with year-over-year increases of
over 100%. Every year, the automotive industry adds over $6
billion to the US economy. It generates roughly $0.82 billion in
revenue for governments through indirect charges, and it
directly creates 215k jobs. At the same time, this region
46. contributes at least 16% to Pakistan's manufacturing sector
(Muniandy et al, 2020). The auto industry in Pakistan is quickly
rising to prominence as a driver of the country's economic
growth and international trade because to the country's plethora
of opportunities for workplace innovation and forward and
backward connections in allied businesses. Suzuki, Honda, and
Toyota are the three most well-liked automakers in Pakistan,
accounting for 62%, 9%, and 28% of the market share,
respectively.
According to Bhargava & Chandravathi, Honda operates in
Pakistan's automobile sector under varying theories of
diversification and specialized cooperative activity with leading
global fabricates. It is also argued that there is a strong
rationale for buying in from the nearest neighbors if the buy in
of completed products is to be established at a greater value.
The automobile industry in Pakistan might be considered to be
under distinct control (Bhargava & Chandravathi). There's no
denying that the top three automakers control the vast majority
of the industry. It's also more likely that prices in an
oligopolistic market will be set in stone. This rigidity could
manifest itself if, for example, a price hike by one manufacturer
isn't matched by others, or if a price cut by one manufacturer
leads to a price cut across the board. Honda Pakistan brought
this to customers' attention by offering price cuts of PKR
30,000 on the Honda Civic and PKR 40,000 on the Honda City
(Bhargava & Chandravathi). For better or worse, fascinating
times lie ahead for the auto industry and the three Japanese
automakers in Pakistan. Honda, the smallest of the big three
automakers, is now the brightest example. The company has
grown steadily, utilizing only 50% of its present capacity, but
its share of the automobile market has increased, from 9% in
2009 when it first began selling vehicles in the country to 20%
in 2014.
As per Boiral et al (2022), it’s possible that Honda may become
the industry leader in terms of both money and progress. In the
past year alone, its stock price has risen dramatically. The
47. company's redesign and introduction of a new Civic have been
well received by consumers (Boiral et al, 2022). The most
current data available (7MFY17) reveal that consolidated deals
are up 51% year-on-year, and that January 2017 witnessed the
most significant deals the company has sold in a month to date.
Five-one percent of Honda's production is local.
According to Thomas (2019), the distribution industry relies
heavily on achieving stronger restrictions, but this has become
increasingly difficult due to surging crude material imports.
Import prices will rise in response to any change in the dollar's
parity with the rupee. Retailers have already begun petitioning
for a waiver of the RD on steel component imports. It is
impossible to construct confinement without massive volumes
(Thomas, 2019). Each iteration of the model and layout
necessitates a fresh round of innovation, which in turn
necessitates massive investments of billions of rupees.
According to Chahande (2022), low numbers of coordinated
efforts were another reason for not achieving desired results
towards indigenization. Pakistan also pays a fraction of the cost
that Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and India do for eminences
and specialized charges. Even that is difficult due to standard
and federal spending regulations.
As per Park (2021), Honda of Pakistan is a joint venture
between the Japanese and Pakistani branches of the firm. As
was just described, Honda operates in Pakistan's automotive
sector via two large, combined ventures, both of which are tied
to the Atlas Group. Perhaps most interestingly, the Atlas Group
owns a share in Honda in Pakistan exceeding 50%.
48. References
Badhon, M. (2019). Analysis on Market and Business Strategy
of Honda, DHS Motors Limited.
Bahety, S., Moffitt, B., Pruchnik, W., & O’Rourke, J. S.
(2018).
Honda motor company: communication and the takata
airbag crisis. The Eugene D. Fanning Center for Business
Communication, Mendoza College of Business, University of
Notre Dame.
Muniandy, A. M., Kee, D. M. H., Izwan, S., Imran, M., Al-
Amin, A. A., Kumar, S., & Singh, S. (2020). The key success
factor: A study of Honda Motor.
Journal of the Community Development in Asia
(JCDA),
3(2), 67-77.
BHARGAVI, T., & CHANDRAVATHI, K. A STUDY ON
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS ON
HERO MOTOR CROP.
Boiral, O., Brotherton, M. C., Rivaud, L., & Talbot, D. (2022).
Comparing the uncomparable? An investigation of car
manufacturers' climate performance.
Business Strategy and the Environment,
31(5), 2213-2229.
49. Thomas, V. J., & Maine, E. (2019). Market entry strategies for
electric vehicle start- ups in the automotive industry–Lessons
from Tesla Motors.
Journal of Cleaner Production,
235, 653-663.
Chahande, M. S. S.(2022)
“A study of various purches factor of Yamaha scooter
and its impact on buying behavior vis-à-vis other competition in
the segment (Doctoral dissertation, Rashtrasant Tukadoji
Maharaj Nagpur University).
Park, Y. W., & Park, Y. J. (2021). Corporate Strategy for
Corporate and Ecosystem Sustainability. In
Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurship
for Sustainability (pp. 71-79). Springer, Singapore.
Final Project Presentation Each student will prepare a Power
Point presentation covering the major sections of their final
project report and use the notes section of the Power Point to
provide a narrative or script for their final presentation.
Students will use no more than 12-15 slides to present their
information and will follow the provided slide outline. The
presentation and narrative must be concise yet informative
enough to convey the major points of the final project report
