INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA.docx

INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA
Lecture 3: Fall 2022
Professor Aliakbar Jalali
[email protected]
1
Internet of Things Enabling Technologies
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Overview
Introduction
Evolution of the Technology
Some significant statistics
IoT Technology
Risks of IoT Technologies
Use Cases of IoT Technology!
What are IoT Enabling Technology
Conclusion
References
2

/59
Introduction
Because of technological changes taking place in the world, IoT
is gradually taking over all the fields, and the future of the
IoT applications are increasing day by day.
Technological advances are fueling the growth of IoT.
Technology improved communications and network, new
sensors of various kinds; cheaper, denser, more reliable, and
power efficient storage both in the cloud and locally are
converging to enable new types of IoT based products that were
not possible a few years ago.
IoT technology will further develop to make our day-to-day
operations much easier and more remotely controlled in the
days to come.
3
/59
Introduction
Businesses need to constantly explore IoT applications within
their domain to stay ahead in competitiveness and
implementation.
The competition will primarily define in the coming decade as
how companies take advantage of innovative technology.
However, it is the dominant technology that determines the
future of many businesses attached to the future of the internet
of things (IoT).
4
/59

Introduction
The emerging trends in IoT are majorly driven by technologies
like artificial intelligence, blockchain, 5G and edge computing.
We need to know more in detail about the elements that make
up broad spectrum of technologies, we know as the Internet of
Things.
Technological advances lies in the business value of IoT
applications like smart wearables, smart homes and buildings,
smart cities, autonomous cars, smart factories, location trackers,
wireless sensors and much more.
5
/59
Introduction: Technology is changing the world!
Technology is changing the world.
It is changing the way we communicate, shop, learn, travel, play
and of course the way we work.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/05/06/internet-
things-could-really-change-way-live/
6
/59
6
Introduction: Technology is changing the world!
7

Global gigabit subscriptions are expected to jump to 50 million
in 2022, more than doubling from 24 million at the end of 2020,
according to a new report from analyst firm Omdia.
High Speed Internet!
/59
Introduction: Social Media is Changing societies!
8
Are you on social media a lot? When is the last time you
checked Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram? Last night? Before
breakfast? Five minutes ago?
The Impact of Social Media on Politics
The Impact of Social Media on Society
The Impact of Social Media on Commerce
The Impact of Social Media on the World of Work
The Impact of Social Media on Training and Development
The Challenges of Social Media: Cyberbullying, Lack of
Privacy
/59
Introduction: Can Technology Save the World?
Yes! Technology can save the world I think that because the
tech can help us with different advance that we have, For
example: in the medicine it can prevent disease and many
people can alive but at the same time it is killing the people

using chemicals in the food, but we can use less.
No! Technology alone cannot save the world. It needs to be
accompanied by conscious decisions by humans.
9
/59
Introduction: Evolution of the Technology
From 1900
From 1960
10
From VACUUM TUBE
To
TRANSISTORS
/59
11
/59
12
/59

13
FROM MAINFRAME TO HYBRID CLOUD
/59
THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTERACTION
14
/59
14
15
Introduction: Next Generation of the Technology
/59
Evaluation of Technology: Change in Human Way of Life
Evolution of Technology: where we are?
16
Fire Age
Agri Age
Industry Age
Information
Age
Virtual
Age

/59
What is IoT Technology?
IoT technology includes all the enabling hardware IP, tools,
systems, sensors, and software that support IoT device and
application development.
With IoT technology, everyday objects can be made smart—
from medical devices to smartphones, watches to security
cameras, and cars to factory production lines.
IoT technologies also include security tools to prevent internet-
based attacks on networked devices and their applications.
17
/59
IoT Technologies
The goals of most IoT technologies are to collect, process,
analyze, react to, and communicate data. Any technology that
does one or more of those tasks is a candidate for use in IoT
application.
IoT devices usually collect data from the environment around
the device using the following sensors:
Audio sensors
Proximity sensors
Light sensors
Accelerometers and gyroscopes
Temperature and humidity sensors
Motion and occupancy sensors
Biometric sensors
Two places that IoT data processing occurs in:
The front end, where the sensors that collect the data are
located; often referred to as edge processing or edge computing
The back end, a central location where data is usually sent via a
network connection

18
/59
IoT Technologies
Edge processing is done by a microprocessor or microcontroller.
Further microprocessors used in IoT are usually reserved for
computing-intensive applications.
Microcontrollers are specifically designed to work with sensors
and I/O devices and are the processing device of choice for edge
computing in IoT applications.
An embedded system as a computing system designed to
perform a specific function.
A microcontroller is usually at the heart of an embedded
system.
Data processing in most IoT applications consists mainly of
reading data from sensors and other input devices, running an
algorithm to determine how to react to the data, and outputting
data.
19
/59
IoT Technologies: IoT connected devices worldwide up to 2025
20
75 + Billion
IoT devices are expected to be in use by 2025.
IoT Infrastructure Devices & Facilities
/59

By 2025, forecasts suggest that there will be more than 75
billion Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices in use. This
would be a nearly threefold increase from the IoT installed base
in 2019.
20
IoT Technologies: IoT Software
IoT Software is essential for tracking and managing devices
The leading dashboard for IoT
See your device performance, manage spend, and equip your
operations for the future — all in one place.
21
IoT Infrastructure: IoT Software
https://www.hologram.io/products/dashboard/
/59
A dashboard designed to save you time
Spend less time analyzing data and more time making decisions
that move the needle. The Hologram Dashboard gives you a
single source of truth for your operations, with intuitive tools
your team will love using.
View and act on data, instantly
Maintain real-time visibility into device activity and
performance, so you can take action when it matters most.
Optimize device spend
Find opportunities to improve your bottom line with detailed
fleet insights and transparent billing.
Keep operations running smoothly
Stay ahead of potential disruptions and get alerted to changes in
your operations with 24/7 monitoring.

21
IoT Technologies: IoT Labor (Skill)
Investing in upskilling employees can help close IoT skill gaps.
7 challenges in IoT and how to overcome them by skilled labor.
IoT security
Lack of effective and informed government regulations
Device compatibility
Bandwidth strain
End user challenges
IoT device management
IoT professional skills gap
22
IoT Infrastructure: Labor
(Upskilling employees)
hthttps://www.hologram.io/blog/challenges-in-iot/
/59

22
IoT Technologies: QA & Testing
IoT testing is the practice of performing a series of tests to
validate performance in the IoT process. Find out more here.
There are 5 types of IoT testing: usability, compatibility,
security, performance, and compliance.
Table of Contents
What is IoT testing, and why it’s important
The 5 different types of IoT testing
Possible challenges of IoT testing
Tips for efficient IoT testing
Optimizing your IoT testing: a few tools to consider
23
IoT Infrastructure: QA & Testing
https://www.hologram.io/blog/iot-testing/
/59

23
IoT Technologies: Opportunity Cost & Time-to-Market
IoT deployments were ranked a top 3 investment priority in
2022.
A
new global survey by
Analysys Mason and sponsored by
Sierra Wireless (NASDAQ: SWIR) (TSX: SW) a
world leading IoT solutions provider, found that 72% of
enterprises surveyed deployed IoT to automate their processes
and reduce costs while 55% stated creating new revenue streams
was a main reason for IoT adoption.
24
IoT Infrastructure: Opportunity Cost & Time-to-Market
https://www.yahoo.com/now/global-survey-analysys-mason-
reveals-130000897.html
/59

24
25
https://www.halvorsen.blog/documents/teaching/courses/iot/lab
_industry40.php
/59
Some Significant IoT Based Statistics
26
/59
63 PERCENT OF ALL PEOPLE ON EARTH ARE NOW

ONLINE
27
https://wearesocial.com/hk/blog/2022/04/more-than-5-billion-
people-now-use-the-internet/
/59
/59
/59
/59
/59
/59

/59
34
/59
DEVICES USED TO ACCESS THE INTERNET
Cell phones continue to be the world’s most-used connected
devices, with GWI reporting that more than 92 percent of
working-age internet users go online via mobile devices.
However, more than two-thirds (68 percent) of the world’s
internet users still go online via laptop and desktop computers,
although it is worth noting that this figure has fallen from 72
percent this time last year.
3 in 10 people also connect to the internet via their television,
and more people now go online via televisions than go online
via tablet devices.
But cell phones aren’t just the most widely used devices.
GWI’s latest research also reveals that mobile phones now
account for almost 55 percent of the time we spend online, and
that figure rises to almost 60 percent across Thailand,
Indonesia, China, and India.
Age plays an important role in shaping device preferences
though.
For example, Gen Z users are considerably less likely to go
online via a computer than users in their parents’ generation
are.
35
/59

/59
/59
/59
/59
IoT Technologies (1 of 5)
analyze, react to, and communicate data
Any technology that does one or more of those tasks is a
candidate for use in IoT applications
Greg Tomsho, Guide to Networking Essentials, 8th Edition. ©
2020 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
/59

IoT Data Collection
IoT devices usually collect data from the environment around
the device using sensors
Common types of sensors used in IoT include:
Audio sensors
Proximity sensors
Light sensors
Accelerometers and gyroscopes
Temperature and humidity sensors
Motion and occupancy sensors
Biometric sensors
/59
IoT Data Processing
IoT data processing occurs in two places:
The front end, where the sensors collect the data are located;
this is often referred to as edge processing or edge computing
The back end, a central location where data is usually sent via a
network connection
Edge processing is done by a microprocessor or microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small, low-power processor with built-in
analog and digital I/O lines and memory that usually runs at
speeds measured in the tens of Megahertz
They are specifically designed to work with sensors and I/O
devices and are the processing device of choice for edge
computing in IoT applications
A microcontroller is usually at the heart of an embedded

system, a computing system designed to perform a specific
function
/59
IoT Data Processing (continued)
Microprocessors usually have an advanced, multithreaded OS
Microcontrollers typically have a very simple OS designed to
run a single application with a dedicated function
A microcontroller may not have an OS at all; it might run only
some bootstrap code that downloads an application to the
microcontroller’s memory
Whether a device uses a microprocessor or microcontroller, the
data processing in most IoT applications consists mainly of
reading data from sensors and other input devices, running an
algorithm to determine how to react to the data, and outputting
data
/59
IoT Data Communication
Various consortiums are in the process of developing standards
for IoT communications
The communication aspect of IoT is complex because of so

many of the “things” that generate data are incompatible with
one another or lack modern communication technologies and
protocols
/59
Number of IoT connected devices worldwide from 2019 to
2030,
by Communications Technology
45
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1194688/iot-connected-
devices-communications-technology/
/59
Risks of IoT Technologies
Security and privacy issues, cybercrime, surveillance at work,
home or in public spaces and control of mobility and
expression.
There is governance gap’ that needs to be closed between the
potential risks and society’s efforts to safeguard against them
through laws, industry standards and self-governance
approaches.
Effective technology governance mitigates risks and reduces the
potential harms to society while also helping to maximize the
technology’s positive impacts.
The generation gap seen in current IoT utilization is surprising.

46
https://www.visionofhumanity.org/what-is-the-internet-of-
things/
/59
Introduction: Digital generations
47
Digital
The Technology Gap
Why IoT Technologies are Important!
/59
Introduction: IoT Technologies changing the world!
48
/59
Digital generations and The Technology Gap
Age-related restrictions governing the use of IoT mean that
there’s considerably less data available on people’s online
activities, making it harder to assess online IoT applications.
49

/59
Technology isn’t necessarily something that runs in the family,
to some degree, it’s something we’re born into, depending on
how tech-forward the world was when we entered it.
This is a part of the reason younger generations are more
comfortable interacting with technology, because they know the
world no other way.
They’re digital natives (how was born 2010 up to present at
modern-age technology as smartphone, tablet and Internet).
It’s also why older generations may be more hesitant about
engaging in online activities, because they must adapt to them.
50
https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-how-to-digital-
generations.html
/59
Similarly, Cyber-Safety Across Generations (CSAG), privacy
and security considerations make it more difficult to use
activities relating to IoT application and services (See next
slides for age-related statistics in CSAG ).
51
/59
Cyber-Safety Across Generations
52

/59
53
/59
54
https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-how-to-digital-
generations.html
/59
Technology Focus on IoT
Advanced Technologies like IoT lie at the very heart of modern
industry’s ongoing process of digital transformation.
Indeed, these technologies enable process, product and service
innovation throughout the economy, thus fostering and
supporting industrial modernization across a wide range of
organizations and industry sectors.
Taking the Internet of Things as one the backbones of digital
transformation and industrial modernization, we observed that
the current availability of huge datasets, coupled with recent
technology advances in Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and fast
connectivity capabilities, are all paving the way to new and

more disruptive applications of IoT systems and services.
55
https://ati.ec.europa.eu/reports/technology-watch/technology-
focus-iot
/59
Technology Focus on IoT
There is now widespread recognition among consumers and
organizations that IoT can help them to operate more
efficiently, improve quality of service and customer experience,
introduce new services and improve many other aspects of their
businesses.
Likewise, governmental and international bodies have thrown
their weight into supporting and stimulating IoT development as
a key economic opportunity and driver of future innovation.
56
https://ati.ec.europa.eu/reports/technology-watch/technology-
focus-iot
/59
10 IoT Technology Trends to watch in 2022
57
https://iot-analytics.com/iot-technology-trends/
/59
What are the components of IoT Technologies
58

/59
Cars are more and more intelligent devices
59
/59
60
https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/15625-
Connected-Living-Report.pdf
Device Ownership of a Typical Family of Four, 2012, 2017,
2022
/59
Smart home: automation of home appliances which can sense
human presence and control light, temperature and ambience
etc.
Smart wearables: there are millions of smart gadgets already
available on the market but still this is big area for future
growth.
Smart Cities: our future security and monitoring will be using
IoT. Congestion management, traffic control etc.
Smart healthcare: in future, medical practitioners will be able to
assess patients' conditions remotely and advice for further
procedures.

Smart energy management: smart lighting control, smart power
grid and industrial applications
Smart farming: farming and agriculture could use IoT for
management of irrigation and control.
Smart ticketing: in future, airports and sport venues will be
using smart ticket systems.
61
/59
Quality of IoT is Evaluated by Technology!
62
/59
Latest Technology used in IoT
Artificial Intelligence
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Internet of Things
3D Printers!
Intelligent Apps (I – Apps)
Blockchain
Machin Learning
63
/59
Advanced Technologies Uptake by European Industries, 2020

64
/59
65
/59
66
/59
IoT Enabling Technology
IoT primarily exploits standard protocols and networking
technologies.
IoT is enabled by several technologies including wireless sensor
networks, cloud computing, Big data analytics, Embedded
Systems, Security Protocols and architectures, communication
protocols, web services, Mobile Internet, and Semantic Search
engines.
The major enabling technologies and protocols of IoT are RFID,
NFC, low-energy Bluetooth, low-energy wireless, low-energy
radio protocols, LTE-A,5G and WiFi-Direct.
67
/59
Wireless Sensor Network

Cloud Computing
Big Data Analytics
Communications Protocols
Embedded System
68
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/internet-of-things-iot-enabling-
technologies/
/59
1. Wireless Sensor Network(WSN):
A WSN comprises distributed devices with sensors which are
used to monitor the environmental and physical conditions.
A wireless sensor network consists of end nodes, routers and
coordinators. End nodes have several sensors attached to them
where the data is passed to a coordinator with the help of
routers. The coordinator also acts as the gateway that connects
WSN to the internet.
Example:
Weather monitoring system
Indoor air quality monitoring system
Soil moisture monitoring system
Surveillance system
Health monitoring system
69
technologies/
/59

2. Cloud Computing:
It provides us the means by which we can access applications as
utilities over the internet. Cloud means something which is
present in remote locations. With Cloud computing, users can
access any resources from anywhere like databases, webservers,
storage, any device, and any software over the internet.
Characteristics:
Broad network access
On demand self-services
Rapid scalability
Measured service
Pay-per-use
Provides different services, such as:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a service) - Infrastructure as a service
provides online services such as physical machines, virtual
machines, servers, networking, storage and data center space on
a pay per use basis. Major IaaS providers are Google Compute
Engine, Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure etc. Ex:
Web Hosting, Virtual Machine etc.
PaaS (Platform as a service): Provides a cloud-based
environment with a very thing required to support the complete
life cycle of building and delivering West web based (cloud)
applications – without the cost and complexity of buying and
managing underlying hardware, software provisioning and
hosting. Computing platforms such as hardware, operating
systems and libraries etc. Basically, it provides a platform to
develop applications. Ex: App Cloud, Google app engine
SaaS (Software as a service): It is a way of delivering
applications over the internet as a service. Instead of installing
and maintaining software, you simply access it via the internet,
freeing yourself from complex software and hardware
management. Ex: Google Docs, Gmail, office etc.
70

technologies/
/59
3. Big Data Analytics:
It refers to the method of studying massive volumes of data or
big data. Collection of data whose volume, velocity or variety is
simply too massive and tough to store, control, process and
examine the data using traditional databases. Big data is
gathered from a variety of sources including social network
videos, digital images, sensors and sales transaction records.
Several steps involved in analyzing big data:
Data cleaning
Munging
Processing
Visualization
Examples:
Bank transactions
Data generated by IoT systems for location and tracking of
vehicles
E-commerce and in Big-Basket
Health and fitness data generated by IoT system such as a
fitness bands
71
technologies/
/59

4. Communications Protocols:
They are the backbone of IoT systems and enable network
connectivity and linking to applications. Communication
protocols allow devices to exchange data over the network.
Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single
communication. A group of protocols designed to work together
is known as a protocol suite; when implemented in software
they are a protocol stack.
They are used in:
Data encoding
Addressing schemes
72
technologies/
/59
5. Embedded Systems:
It is a combination of hardware and software used to perform
special tasks.
It includes microcontroller and microprocessor memory,
networking units (Ethernet Wi-Fi adapters), input output units
(display keyword etc. ) and storage devices (flash memory).
It collects the data and sends it to the internet. Embedded
systems used in
Examples:
Digital camera
DVD player, music player
Industrial robots
Wireless Routers etc.
73

technologies/
/59
Why IoT Enabling Technology?
It brings together most of the latest technologies.
Converged, these technologies will have a major impact.
74
/59
Key Technologies enables IoT
Solution
75
Key Technologies enables IoT solutions to be deployed more
rapidly, cost-effectively and at lower risk.
/59

Metaverse and IoT Technology
76
/59
Metaverse is Changing the IoT Technology
The metaverse adds a 3D user interface to our flat desktop and
mobile computer, providing a more tailored user interface
environment for IoT.
As such, the metaverse brings the physical and digital worlds
together, allowing people and things to collaborate more
intuitively with complex systems in person or afar.
Is IoT related to metaverse?
How will the metaverse change the IoT world?
What is the technology behind IoT based metaverse?
How will metaverse affect the IoT?
77
/59

1st Wave: Agricultural Age
(29,500 Years) Goal, Produce Food
2nd wave: Industrial Age
(500 Years) Goal, Produce Material
3rd wave: Information Age
( 25 Years) Goal, Produce Information
4th wave: Virtual Age
( 20 Years ahead!) Goal, Spirituality
Virtual Age (Metaverse): Next Wave of Change in Society
78
/59
Virtual Age: Next Wave of Change in Society
79
/59

Paper 1: Virtual Age: Next Wave of Change in Society
80
Professor Jalali
Paper 1
/59
Paper 2: Virtual Age: Enabling Technologies and Trends
81
Professor Jalali
Paper 2
Metaverse is part of the idea of professor Jalali in year 1993
/59
82

Professor Jalali speech
West Virginia University
1993
Virtual Age (Metaverse): Next Wave of Change in Education!
/59
IoT:
Technologies
/59
IoT: Principles,
Electricity, Electromagnetism and Electronics
/59
IoT: Basic Theory of Signals and Systems

/59
IoT: Sensors
Light Dependent Resistors, LDR
Moisture Sensor
/59
IoT:
Wireless Communication
/59
IoT: Protocol

/59
IoT: Practical Issues Arduino and Raspberry Pi
/59
IoT: Architecture
/59
IoT:
Technical challenges
Challenges
Security
Reliability
Heterogeneity
Large Scale
Big Data

Legal and Social Aspects
Demand Response Barriers
/59
IoT: Security
/59
IoT: Cloud
/59
IIoT: Industry 4.0
/59

Industrial IoT Devices (1 of 3)
The use of IoT technologies in industry has been dubbed
Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 makes use of virtualization, cloud computing, and
artificial intelligence to create what is called a cyber-physical
system (CPS)
Some of the same IoT technologies are used in both home
automation and industry
Industrial usage often requires industrial version of sensors
because they must hold up under harsh environments, high
vibrations, and possibly extreme temperatures
95
/59
Types of devices you might find in industrial applications
include the following:
Actuators
An actuator is a general category of output device that provides
automatic movement, such as turning a valve to open or close a

pipe
Electric motor
An electric motor rotates at a particular speed and direction in
response to an electrical signal
Stepper motors rotate in a series of steps, providing precise
movement
Servo motors provide either partial rotation or continuous
rotation
96
/59
Types of devices you might find in industrial applications
include the following (continued):
Solenoid
A solenoid is a tightly wound coil of wire that creates a strong
magnetic field when electricity is applied
RFID tags
RFID tags are attached to objects and are used to identify and
track the objects
PLCs

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are input/output
controllers used in assembly lines, robotics, and automated
machinery
IoT gateways
IoT gateway devices translate data coming from an IoT network
to another type of network
97
/59
Six key barriers to IoT adoption
Knowledge: People are aware of the internet, especially in
terms of mobile internet, but they do not have knowledge about
IoT.
Access: the availability of the necessary network infrastructure
for IoT required to gain high speed network access, and the
availability of relevant end-user devices.
Skills: the extent to which people have the necessary levels of
literacy and digital “savviness” to make meaningful use of the
internet of Things.
Affordability: the costs associated with buying or accessing
connected devices, the cost of data plans, and other associated

service fees and expenses.
Relevance: the extent to which people can find and consume
content, services, and connected products that they can
understand and that meet their needs.
Safety and security: how worried people are about the potential
risks and negative experiences that they may be exposed to via
the IoT, such as harmful content devices, fraud, and devices
data protection.
98
/59
Conclusion
analyze, react to, and communicate data.
Any technology that does one or more of those tasks is a
candidate for use in IoT applications
IoT combines electronics, computer hardware, programming,
and networking, plus a little needed creativity to imagine what
new “things” you can add to the world of IoT.
IoT data processing occurs in two places: the front end and the
back end.
Different types of devices and different environments dictate

what type of networking technology is likely to be used by a
particular IoT device.
Home automation is a burgeoning industry and a driver of IoT,
but industrial IoT products will likely have a greater impact on
society as a whole
The use of IoT technologies in industry, particularly in
manufacturing, has been dubbed Industry 4.0
99
/59
References
Virtual Age: Next Wave of Change in Society (Aliakbar Jalali)
https://vdocuments.net/dr-jalali-paperc50.html?page=1
Virtual Age: Enabling Technologies and Trends (Aliakbar
Jalali)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5070754
Internet of Things-IOT: Definition, Characteristics,
Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Application & Future
Challenges, Keyur K Patel1 , Sunil M Patel (DOI
10.4010/2016.1482 ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC) – pdf.
Technologies and Protocol for IoT
https://webstor.srmist.edu.in/web_assets/downloads/2021/comm

unication-technologies-for-iot.pdf
100
/59
Resources
1- IoT Revolution: 5 Ways the Internet of Things Will Change
Transportation
https://interestingengineering.com/iot-revolution-5-ways-the-
internet-of-things-will-change-transportation
2- How IoT is Transforming the Energy Industry
https://easternpeak.com/blog/how-iot-is-transforming-the-
energy-industry/
3- Industry 4.0: The Future of Manufacturing
https://www.freshfields.com/en-us/our-
thinking/campaigns/digital/internet-of-things/industrial-
iot/industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-the-future-of-

manufacturing/
4- Pushing IoT Data Gathering, Analysis, and Response to the
Edge
https://dzone.com/articles/pushing-iot-data-gathering-analysis-
and-response-to-the-edge
5- IoT DIY Projects
https://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-award/diy/
6- Design and Simulation of IoT Systems Using the Cisco
Packet Tracer
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=1
08495
101
/59
image1.png
image2.png
image3.png
image4.png
image5.jpg
image6.png

image7.png
image8.png
image9.png
image10.png
image11.png
image12.jpg
image13.png
image14.jpeg
image15.jpeg
image16.png
image17.png
image18.png
image19.png
image20.png
image21.jpeg
image22.png
image23.png
image24.png
image25.png
image26.png
image27.png
image28.png
image29.png
image30.png
image31.png

image32.png
image33.png
image34.png
image35.jpeg
image36.png
image37.png
image38.jpeg
image39.jpeg
image40.jpeg
image41.jpeg
image42.jpeg
image43.jpeg
image44.png
image45.png
image46.png
image47.png
image48.jpeg
image49.png
image50.png
image51.png
image52.png
image53.jpeg
image54.jpeg
image55.png
image56.png

image57.png
image58.jpg
image59.png
image60.png
image61.png
image62.png
image63.png
image64.png
image65.png
image66.png
image67.png
image68.jpeg
image69.jpeg
image70.png
image71.png
image72.png
image73.png
image74.png
image75.png
image76.png
image77.png
image78.jpeg
image79.jpeg
image80.jpeg
image81.jpeg

image82.jpeg
image83.png
image84.png
image85.png
image86.png
image87.jpeg
image88.jpeg
image89.jpeg
image90.jpg
image91.jpg
image92.jpg
image93.png
image94.png
image95.jpg
image96.jpg
image97.png
image98.png
image99.jpg
image100.jpg
image101.jpg
image102.png
image103.jpg
image104.jpg
image105.jpg
image106.png

image107.png
image108.png
image109.png
image110.png
2
SWOT Analysis
Anthony Johnson
Capella University
FPX4993
Professor: Jocelyn Williamson
November 7, 2022

SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Some advantages I have that others do not have, especially in
my practice, are resilience and strategic thinking. Most people
are considered resilient based on the experience of the tasks
they have handled over the years and shown persistence in duty.
However, my resilience is attributed to the natural up-brining
within a large family. Developing the skill of resilience was the
key to survival in a family where everyone competed to be the
best they could be since there was no favoritism. Thus, my
colleagues would attribute the skills to my experience with me
while handling various tasks assigned to us. I have the push to
finish the tasks assigned to me within the timeframe allocated,
which requires resilience. Moreover, I have strategic thinking
skills that enable me to think beyond current knowledge to
adapt to various trends I am subjected to. However, my
educational background has equipped me with the knowledge
that would enable me to better my skills (Puyt et al., 2021).
Education has allowed me to incorporate my strategic thinking
skills with corporate operational knowledge to know how I can
handle people in various positions of responsibilities assigned
to me. I have a certification in strategic management that
enables me to use my strategic thinking skills to improve my
relationship with people and establish a culture where we can

work in a group without conflict of interest to achieve outcomes
faster than working individually. The achievements that I am
most proud of are being able to work with people in every
environment that I have been in and being appreciated for the
impact that I have made in changing people’s views on
management and personal growth in applying my skills. Thus,
people see my strengths since I can involve them in the
activities that I am doing to reference them, which fosters
special connections that others may not have. Hence, the
personal resources I have available are innate characteristics;
kindness and patience.
Weakness
The tasks that I avoid doing because I do not feel confident
doing them are those that subject me to conflict with others. I
prefer working on tasks because I have the freedom to make
decisions that I am accountable for. Moreover, the negative
work habits that I have is the inability to tolerate people who
are not positive and accountable for their actions to ensure the
tasks we have been assigned are executed with precision and
obtain feedback to verify that we met the required standards
(Vlados, 2019). However, I feel confident about my skills,
experience, and education since I have focused on making
myself better every time and using the factors as my strengths
in fulfilling the objectives of every task assigned to me. I have
introverted personality traits that hold me back when I feel too

much pressure, but I cannot talk about it. Thus, when asked to
conduct regular meetings in an environment where people have
contrasting opinions, I hold back and fail to engage.
Opportunities
I prefer seeking a second opinion from my seniors in the field in
which I have a specialty and my mentors to ensure that I have a
network of influential contacts that can help me by offering me
advice to ensure that I do not make errors. These contacts have
been significant in ensuring that I am on track since they offer
men feedback on every action I take. However, the industry
where I work, the technology industry, is diverse and considers
various skills since it is an evolving industry that keeps
changing the more technology advances (Vlados, 2019). Thus,
the trends within the company I work in, which can take
advantage of the changing technological landscape, allow me to
grow my skills and apply them in various fields within the
industry. Therefore, I can offer solutions to emerging issues in
the industry since it is not a static sector.
Threats
The obstacles I face at work are the changing technological
trends and the difficulty of working with people in a unitary
task. Additionally, colleagues are competing with me for the
projects assigned to people within the company based on the
different specialties that people have. The nature of the job we
are doing keeps changing since it is an evolving industry (Puyt

et al., 2021). However, technology does not pose a threat to the
position that I hold since my strategic thinking skills enable me
to navigate the industry. My weaknesses threaten to work with
others who do not put in an equal amount of effort and can
threaten the overall plan.
Reference
Puyt, R., Lie, F. B., De Graaf, F. J., & Wilderom, C. P. (2020).
Origins of SWOT analysis. In
Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2020, No.
1, p. 17416). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of
Management.
https://research.hva.nl/files/17729771/ambpp.2020.132.pdf
Vlados, C. (2019). On a correlative and evolutionary SWOT
analysis.
Journal of Strategy and Management.
https://www.academia.edu/download/61041498/pre-print.pdf
INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA
Lecture 2: Fall 2022

Professor Aliakbar Jalali
[email protected]
Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
1
/59
UoNA-ST560-Fall-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
2
/59
Topics
Introduction
What Are IoT Applications?

IoT application domain
10 major IoT applications
More IoT applications
Conclusion
References
3
/59
Introduction
This lecture lets we know major the Internet of Things
applications.
The Internet of Things is a great technology that has gained
rapidly and shaping our future lifestyle.
IoT uses smart devices smart for take caring of things that will
draw out efficiency, and reducing the cost of products, labor
and eliminating the chances of human errors.
Data is the new currency, IoT applications are sources of
generating, processing and distributing data, this is what drives
the concept of the Internet of Things.
4

/59
Introduction: The Impact of Digital Transformation
How is the stored and analyzed data from IoT application are
used?
Businesses: Businesses determine buying patterns, forecast new
trends, and streamline production.
Government: Governments monitor the environment, forecast
population trends, predict crime rates, and plan for social
services.
City: Cities control traffic, monitor parking, provide police or
fire support quicker, and control waste management.
5
/59
Introduction: Can Smart Devices Think?
All digital devices work based on computer programs and
supplied data.
Artificial Intelligence implies that these devices can think on
their own.
If programmed appropriately, smart devices can evaluate data
that is provided to them and modify processes or settings “on

the fly”.
If they are provided with sufficient data, they can “learn” and
modify their own code based on the new parameters.
6
/59
Introduction: Can Smart Devices Think?
Example: Imagine a refrigerated transport truck, carrying frozen
goods, that is equipped with a global positioning sensor.
As the truck drives into a major city, the sensor determines that
there is an accident ahead that is causing major traffic
congestion.
The sensor sends the data to the computer system that collects
the data and make decisions.
The system then alerts the driver to the new conditions so that
the accident can be bypassed.
This automatic interaction has saved the driver time and will get
the transported product to market faster with a product that is
still frozen.
7

/59
What Are IoT Applications?
IoT applications run on IoT devices and can be created to be
specific to almost every industry and vertical, including
healthcare, industrial automation, smart homes and buildings,
automotive, and wearable technology. Increasingly, IoT
applications are using AI and machine learning to add
intelligence to devices.
An IoT application is making the devices connected to each
other and the internet, it let them collect and communicate data
and make precise and informed decisions through Machine
Learning and Neural Networks collecting, processing and
delivering billions of petabytes of data every day to users.
8
/59
IoT Applications Domain
9

/59
9
Transportation and Logistics
Logistics
Mobile ticketing
Smart Environment
Comfortable homes/offices
Industrial plants
Environment monitoring

Augmented maps
Environmental pollution
Assisted driving
Healthcare
Tracking
Identification, authentication
Data collection
Sensing

Personal and social
Social networking
Thefts
Historical queries
Losses
Futuristic
Robot taxi
City information model

Enhanced game room
Weather & water systems
Weather condition
Water quality
Water leakage
Water level
Water contamination
Traffic jam reduction
Energy efficiency monitoring

10 Major IoT Applications
IoT in Smart Homes
Smart City
Smart Healthcare
Smart Farming
Smart Wearables
Smart Cars
Smart Grids
Industrial Internet (IIoT)
IoT Smart Retail Shops
Smart Traffic management
10
/59
10
IoT in Smart Home

Smart Home Automation Will Change the Way We Live!
What is Smart Home?
What are definition, functions, benefits, and more.
11
/59
Whenever we think of IoT systems, the most important and
efficient application that stands out every time is Smart Home
ranking as highest IOT application on all channels. The number
of people searching for smart homes increases every month with
about 60,000 people and increasing. Another interesting thing is
that the database of smart homes for IoT Analytics includes 256
companies and startups. More companies are now actively being
involved in smart homes than similar other applications in the
field of IoT. The estimated amount of funding for Smart Home
startups exceeds $2.5bn and is ever growing. The list of startups
includes prominent startup company names such as AlertMe or
Nest as well as a number of multinational corporations like
Philips, Haier, or Belkin etc.
11

Smart Home Definition
A smart home refers to a convenient home setup where
appliances and devices can be automatically controlled remotely
from anywhere with an internet connection using a mobile or
other networked device.
Devices in a smart home are interconnected through the
internet, allowing the user to control functions such as security
access to the home, temperature, lighting, and a home theater
remotely.
Smart homes can be set up through wireless or hardwired
systems.
Smart home technology provides homeowners with convenience
and cost savings.
12
/59
IoT in Smart Home
Smart Home Automation
Digital Technology has enabled business to innovate their
approach to interacting with society.
People from all generations are more comfortable with digital
technology and are using smart devices to their advantage
throughout their busy days.

13
/59
IoT in Smart Home
Smart Buildings
Corporate offices can be occupied by thousands of employees.
Keeping the environment, such as lighting, heat, humidity, in
the building within acceptable parameters helps to keep
employees happy and therefore more productive.
Many companies now provide some or all their services on-line.
From the comfort of your home, car, gym, or office, you can
shop for groceries on-line, order restaurant meals to be
delivered to your door, book travel on-line, order clothes,
camping gear, taxis, stay connected to friends, or meet a new
love interest.
Sensors are everywhere generating massive amounts of data.
14
/59

Video - Ideal Buildings
15
Cisco Skills For All
/59
IoT in Smart Home
Smart homes can be equipped with motion sensors, water
sensors, light sensors, doorbell sensors, and temperature
sensors.
There can be sensors in traffic lights, transport trucks, parking
garages, security cameras, trains, and planes.
All of these sensors and measuring devices collect and transmit
their data.
The data can be stored and analyzed later, or it can be analyzed
immediately to be used to modify computers, mobile devices, or
processes of any sort.
How is the stored and analyzed data used?
16
/59

SMART home sensors communication through the internet of
things. (http://www.nibib.nih.gov/sites/default/files/SMART-
HOUSE_2_DCook.jpg).
17
/59
The global smart home market
The global smart home market is forecast to grow to 53.45
billion U.S. dollars in size by 2022.
Smart home, also called home automation, is an automation
system that controls the lighting, climate, entertainment,
appliances, and home security such as alarm systems of a
household.
18
/59
Home Automation Using the Internet of Things (IoT)

The smart home market is being driven by an increase in the
number of internet users and the adoption of smart devices, as
well as a growing need for energy-saving and low-carbon
emission-oriented solutions.
The technology that is required to build a home automation
platform includes:
Hardware, software, protocols, sensors, architectures, gateways,
and platforms for running the applications like: Lighting
control, HVAC, Lawn/Gardening, management, Smart Home
Appliances, Improved Home safety and security, Home air
quality and water quality monitoring, Natural Language-based
voice assistants, Better Infotainment delivery, AI-driven digital
experiences, Smart Switches, Smart Locks and Smart Energy
Meters
19
/59
Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Homes
Some Advantages:
Installing a smart home technology system provides
homeowners with convenience.
Users can get notifications and updates on issues in their homes.

For instance, smart doorbells allow homeowners to see and
communicate with people who come to their doors even when
they're not at home.
Users can set and control the internal temperature, lighting, and
appliances as well.
For the cost of setting up the smart system, homeowners can
benefit from significant cost savings.
Appliances and electronics can be used more efficiently,
lowering energy costs.
20
/59
Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Homes
Some Disadvantages:
Security risks and bugs continue to plague makers and users of
the technology.
Adept hackers, for example, can gain access to a smart home's
internet-enabled appliances.
Measures to mitigate the risks of such attacks include
protecting smart appliances and devices with a strong password,
using encryption when available, and only connecting trusted
devices to one's network.

As noted above, the costs of installing smart technology can run
anywhere from a few thousand dollars for a wireless system to
tens of thousands of dollars for a hardwired system.
It's a heavy price to pay, especially since there may be a steep
learning curve to get used to the system for everyone in the
household.
21
/59
IoT in Smart Home
22
/59
IoT in Smart Home
23
/59

IoT in Smart Home
24
/59
Video: Smart Home Tour
How to start a SMART HOME in 2022 (15 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTpkECCNAPg
How to start or expand your smart home in 2022, what devices
you need, how the Matter standard impacts you, and see how we
automate our own smart home.
Smart Home Tour: Fully Automated! (17 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLkASaFQPkc
My smart home has a LOT of home automation, but what’s even
better is you can set this all up yourself. Let me show you
around!
AWS IoT for the Connected Home (2 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FerZ0KvlP7g
As the use of connected home devices continue to grow, more
and more data is being pushed to the cloud, where the latest IoT

and machine learning technologies are enabling new innovations
in connected home applications. AWS IoT helps connected
home device manufacturers easily, quickly, and securely build
differentiated connected home products at scale.
25
/59
Smart City
Smart City Automation Will Change the Way We Live!
What is Smart City?
26
/59
The smart city like the name suggests is a very big innovation
and spans a wide variety of use cases, from water distribution to
traffic management to waste management, environmental
monitoring, and urban security. The reason why it is so popular

is that it tries to remove the discomfort and problems of people
who live in cities. IoT solutions offered in the Smart City area
solve various city-related problems comprising of traffic,
reduce air and noise pollution and help make cities safer.
26
Smart City Definition
A smart city uses information and communication technology
(ICT) to improve operational efficiency, share information with
the public and provide a better quality of government service
and citizen welfare.
The main goal of a smart city is to optimize city functions and
promote economic growth while also improving the quality of
life for citizens by using smart technologies and data analysis.
The value lies in how this technology is used rather than simply
how much technology is available.
27
/59
Smart City
Smart Cities, such as Barcelona, Spain, use sensors to control
many of their infrastructure systems such as traffic flow,
parking, water utilization, and hydro.

Example 1: Weight sensors in parking spaces allow drivers to
quickly know where there is an available parking spot.
This reduces driving and idling time for the driver and lowers
carbon emissions for the environment.
28
/59
Smart City
Example 2: Sensors on traffic lights can detect traffic
congestion.
This data is sent to the computer system that collects data and
make decisions.
The new decisions are sent to actuators that modify red versus
green light times to assist the flow of traffic.
This also alleviates idling but also reduces driver frustration
and accidents.
29

/59
Example
Smart Cities, such as Barcelona, Spain, use sensors to control
many of their infrastructure systems such as traffic flow,
parking, water utilization, and hydro.
Example 1: Weight sensors in parking spaces allow drivers to
quickly know where there is an available parking spot. This
reduces driving and idling time for the driver and lowers carbon
emissions for the environment.
Example 2: Sensors on traffic lights can detect traffic
congestion. This data is sent to the computer system that
collects data and make decisions.
The new decisions are sent to actuators that modify red versus
green light times to assist the flow of traffic.
This also alleviates idling but also reduces driver frustration
and accidents.
30
/59

The global smart Cities market
The global Smart Cities Market size to grow from USD 457.0
billion in 2021 to USD 873.7 billion by 2026, at a Compound
Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 13.8% during the forecast
period.
31
/59
Top 5 Smart City in 2022
Juniper Research’s smart city rankings around the globe in year
2022 are:
Shanghai
Seoul
Barcelona
Beijing
New York
32
/59

Smart City Application Examples
33
/59
Sample Smart Cities Projects
34
/59
History of Smart Cities
The concept of smart cities began as far back as the 1960s and
1970s when the US Community Analysis Bureau began using
databases, aerial photography and cluster analysis to collect
data, direct resources and issue reports in order to direct
services, mitigate against disasters and reduce poverty.
This led to the creation of the first generation of smart cities.
The first generation of smart city was delivered by technology
providers to understand the implications of technology on daily

life.
This led to the second generation of smart city, which looked at
how smart technologies and other innovations could create
joined-up municipal solutions.
The third generation of smart city took the control away from
technology providers and city leaders, instead creating a model
that involved the public and enabled social inclusion and
community engagement.
35
/59
Smart City Technologies
Smart cities use a variety of software, user interfaces and
communication networks alongside the Internet of Things
(IoT) to deliver connected solutions for the public.
The IoT is a network of connected devices that communicate
and exchange data in smart city.
This can include anything from vehicles to home appliances and
on-street sensors.
Data collected from these devices is stored in the cloud or on
servers to allow for improvements to be made to both public and
private sector efficiencies and deliver economic benefits and
improvements to the lives of citizens.

36
/59
How Smart Cities Work
Smart cities follow four steps to improve the quality of life and
enable economic growth through a network of connected IoT
devices and other technologies. These steps are as follows:
1. Collection – Smart sensors gather real-time data
2. Analysis – The data is analyzed to gain insights into the
operation of city services and operations
3. Communication – The results of the data analysis are
communicated to decision makers
4. Action – Action is taken to improve operations, manage
assets and improve the quality of city life for the residents
37
/59
Why Smart Cities Are Important
54% of the world’s population live in cities and this is expected
to rise to 66% by 2050, adding a further 2.5 billion people to
the urban population over the next three decades.

With this expected population growth there comes a need to
manage environmental, social and economic sustainability of
resources.
Smart cities allow citizens and local government authorities to
work together to launch initiatives and use smart technologies
to manage assets and resources in the growing urban
environment.
38
/59
Smart City Challenges
For all of the benefits offered by smart cities, there are also
challenges to overcome. These include government officials
allowing widespread participation from citizens. There is also a
need for the private and public sectors to align with residents so
that everyone can positively contribute to the community.
Smart city projects need to be transparent and available to
citizens via an open data portal or mobile app. This allows
residents to engage with the data and complete personal tasks
like paying bills, finding efficient transportation options and
assessing energy consumption in the home.
This all requires a solid and secure system of data collection
and storage to prevent hacking or misuse. Smart city data also

needs to be anonymized to prevent privacy issues from arising.
The largest challenge is quite probably that of connectivity,
with thousands or even millions of IoT devices needing to
connect and work in unison. This will allow services to be
joined up and ongoing improvements to be made as demand
increases.
Technology aside, smart cities also need to account for social
factors that provide a cultural fabric that is attractive to
residents and offer a sense of place. This is particularly
important for those cities that are being created from the ground
up and need to attract residents.
39
/59
Are Smart City Secure?
Smart cities offer plenty of benefits to improve citizen safety,
such as connected surveillance systems, intelligent roadways
and public safety monitoring, but what about protecting the
smart cities themselves?
There is a need to ensure smart cities are protected from cyber
attacks, hacking and data theft while also making sure the data
that is reported is accurate.
In order to manage the security of smart cities there is a need to

implement measures such as physical data vaults, resilient
authentication management and ID solutions. Citizens need to
trust the security of smart cities which means government,
private sector enterprise, software developers, device
manufacturers, energy providers and network service managers
need to work together to deliver integrated solutions with core
security objectives.
40
/59
Are Smart City Secure?
These core security objectives can be broken down as follows:
Availability – Data needs to be available in real time with
reliable access in order to make sure it performs it function in
monitoring the various parts of the smart city infrastructure
Integrity – The data must not only be readily available, but it
must also be accurate. This also means safeguarding against
manipulation from outside
Confidentiality – Sensitive data needs to be kept confidential
and safe from unauthorized access. This may mean the use of
firewalls or the anonymizing of data
Accountability – System users need to be accountable for their
actions and interaction with sensitive data systems. Users' logs

should record who is accessing the information to ensure
accountability should there be any problems
Legislation is already being put in place in different nations,
such as the IoT Cybersecurity Improvement Act in the United
States to help determine and establish minimum security
requirements for connected devices in smart cities.
41
/59
Video: Smart City
Smart Cities: Improving Mobility, Access and Safety with
Sensor Technology (6 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NylvPFqEmtg
How can cities meet the needs of millions more people? Today
city planners and companies are working together to develop the
biggest technological innovation yet – the smart city. In this
video learn what a smart city is, how sensors are important to
developing smart city infrastructure, and the importance of
integrating data into that infrastructure. Hear from experts in
the field and see examples of powerful smart city applications.
How Smart are Smart Cities? (12 min)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bRs_SZ0pUY
Smart cities are meant to improve the lives of city dwellers. But
these systems require huge amounts of data to work. How is this
data collected? And what are the potential pitfalls?
42
/59
Smart Healthcare
Smart Healthcare Automation Will Change the Way We Live!
What is Smart Healthcare?
43
/59
43
Definition of Smart Healthcare
Smart healthcare can be defined as an integration of patients

and doctors onto a common platform for intelligent health
monitoring by analyzing day-to-day human activities.
Smart healthcare is an open, standards-based technology IoT-
based platform that enables innovators to create apps that
seamlessly and securely run across the healthcare system.
44
/59
Smart healthcare Market
Smart healthcare products are a tool that incorporates advanced
technologies to provide patients with improved treatment and
enhance the quality of life.
Some of the most popular kinds of smart health care items are
smart pills, smart syringes, smart insulin pens, connected
inhalers, asthma monitors, electronic health care, etc.
They have reliable patient-related data and assist physicians to
properly handle their patients.
The growth of this market is driven by rising chronic illnesses
such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, etc.
45
/59

The global Smart Healthcare Market
According to Precedence Research, the global smart healthcare
market size is predicted to hit around US$ 482.25 billion by
2027, growing at a CAGR of 17.97%.
46
/59
The global Smart Healthcare Market
47
https://www.precedenceresearch.com/smart-healthcare-market
/59
IoT Applications in Healthcare
48

/59
Application Domains in Smart Healthcare
49
/59
Classification of Smart Healthcare
50
https://www.smohanty.org/Publications_Journals/2018/Mohanty
_IEEE-CEM_2018-Jan_Smart-Healthcare.pdf
/59
The IoT in Smart Healthcare
The IoT is a combination of ubiquitous communication,
connectivity and computing along with ambient intelligence.
It refers to a cyber physical paradigm, where all the real-world
components can stay connected.

The IoT gives users the ability to plan every day and it
integrates real physical world elements such as electronic
devices, smart phones and tablets which can communicate both
physically and wirelessly.
The IoT helps in managing virtually any number of devices.
51
/59
Advantages of IoT smart Healthcare
52
/59
Advantages of IoT smart Healthcare
Traditional healthcare is unable to accommodate everyone’s
needs due to the tremendous increase in population.
Despite having excellent infrastructure, and cutting-edge
technologies, medical services are not approachable or

affordable to everyone.
One of the goals of smart healthcare is to help users by
educating them about their medical status and keeping them
health-aware.
Smart healthcare empowers users to self-manage some
emergency situations.
It provides an emphasis on improving the quality and
experience of the user.
Smart healthcare helps in utilizing available resources to their
maximum potential.
It aids remote monitoring of patients and helps in reducing the
cost of the treatment for the user.
It also helps medical practitioners to extend their services
without any geographical barriers.
With an increasing trend towards smart cities, an effective
smart healthcare system assures a healthy living for its citizens.
53
/59
What are smart medical devices?
Equipped with wireless IoT technology able to monitor and
transmit critical data in real time, a smart medical device links
doctors with patients at home or enroute to the hospital.

These devices provide patients a high level of mobility and
healthcare providers the ability to remotely monitor patient
status.
54
/59
Healthcare IoT devices
Healthcare IoT devices allow medical professionals to collect
data on the condition of patients without the risks that come
with bringing large numbers of potentially infectious people
together in proximity.
Beyond pandemic response use cases, though, they also allow
doctors to potentially examine, diagnose and treat larger
numbers of patients, as well as expand healthcare to regions
where physical access to doctors or hospitals is difficult due to
remoteness or difficulty of access.
55
/59

IoT Applications in Healthcare-Devices
56
/59
IoT is Transforming the Healthcare Industry
57
Healthcare is about to change beyond recognition.
The need to collect, store, and analyze patient data has driven
the healthcare industry to embrace various trending digital
technologies.
Internet of Things (IoT)
Cloud Computing
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Wearables to track health vitals
Smart Hospitals
Mobile Healthcare (mHealth)
Real-time monitoring
Better patient experience
Cost Reduction

/59
Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a combination of
medical devices and applications that can connect to health care
information technology systems using networking technologies.
58
https://aabme.asme.org/posts/internet-of-medical-things-
revolutionizing-healthcare
/59
Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the network of
Internet-connected medical devices, hardware infrastructure,
and software applications used to connect healthcare
information technology.
Sometimes referred to as IoT in healthcare, IoMT allows
wireless and remote devices to securely communicate over the
Internet to allow rapid and flexible analysis of medical data.
IoMT’s impact on the healthcare market is undeniable and

irreversible.
According to a recent Deloitte survey, the overall IoMT market
is expected to grow from $41 billion in 2017 to $158 billion by
2022.
59
/59
What is the difference between IoT and IoMT?
Similarly, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) involves
connected devices used within the medical and health care
industry.
They differ from general IoT not just in terms of usage, but also
in design.
IoT is often more consumer-focused, designed to provide
maximum convenience and usability.
60
/59
5 IoT Applications in Healthcare

61
/59
Smart Farming
Smart Farming Automation Will Change the Way We Live!
What is Smart Farming?
62
/59
The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to transform the
ways we live in the world; we have more-efficient industries,
more connected cars, and smarter cities, all these as components
of an integrated IoT system.
Read More IoT Applications in Detail
The ever-growing global population would touch around 9.6
billion by 2050. So, to feed this immense population, the
agriculture industry needs to embrace IoT. The demand for more
food has to meet overcoming challenges such as, rising climate

change, extreme weather conditions and environmental impact
that results from intensive farming practices.
62
Definition of Smart Farming
"Smart farming" is an emerging concept that refers to managing
farms using technologies like IoT, robotics, drones and AI to
increase the quantity and quality of products while optimizing
the human labor required by production.
Many believe that IoT can add value to all areas of farming,
from growing crops to forestry.
While there are several ways that IoT can improve farming, two
of the major ways IoT can revolutionize agriculture are
precision farming and farming automation.
63
/59
Smart Farming Market
The global smart agriculture market size was valued
at $16,746.7 million in 2019 and is estimated to reach $29,234.6
million by 2027 with a CAGR of 9.7% from 2021 to 2027.
Smart agriculture is a concept focused on providing the

agricultural industry with the infrastructure to leverage
advanced technology.
Moreover, connected technologies such as WiFi, Zigbee,
additional wireless sensor, and low power wide area network
technology are some of the different technologies that help
farmers efficiently execute different agriculture operations such
as harvesting, purchasing, planting, and inventory control.
64
https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/smart-agriculture-
market#:~:text=The%20global%20smart%20agriculture%20mar
ket,infrastructure%20to%20leverage%20advanced%20technolog
y.
/59
The global Smart Farming Market
The smart agriculture market is expected to grow from USD
12.9 billion in 2021 to USD 20.8 billion by 2026; it is expected
to grow at a CAGR of 10.1 % during the forecast period.
65
https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/smart-
agriculture-market-239736790.html

/59
Smart Farming Technology
Sensors: soil, water, light, humidity, temperature management
Software: specialized software solutions that target specific
farm types or applications agnostic IoT platforms
Connectivity: cellular, LoRa
Location: GPS, Satellite
Robotics: Autonomous tractors, processing facilities
Data analytics: standalone analytics solutions, data pipelines for
downstream solutions
66
https://www.iotforall.com/smart-farming-future-of-agriculture
/59
IoT Smart Farming
67
/59

IoT in Smart Farming
Farming is one sector that will benefit the most from the
Internet of Things.
With so many developments happening on tools farmers can use
for agriculture, the future is sure promising.
Tools are being developed for Drip Irrigation, understanding
crop patterns, Water Distribution, drones for Farm Surveillance,
and more.
These will allow farmers to produce a more productive yield
and take care of the concerns better.
68
/59
IOT TRANSFORMING THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE
With the exponential growth of world population, according to
the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, the world will need
to produce 70% more food in 2050, shrinking agricultural lands,
and depletion of finite natural resources, the need to enhance
farm yield has become critical.

Limited availability of natural resources such as fresh water and
arable land along with slowing yield trends in several staple
crops, have further aggravated the problem.
Another impeding concern over the farming industry is the
shifting structure of agricultural workforce. Moreover,
agricultural labor in most of the countries has declined.
As a result of the declining agricultural workforce, adoption of
internet connectivity solutions in farming practices has been
triggered, to reduce the need for manual labor.
IoT solutions are focused on helping farmers close the supply
demand gap, by ensuring high yields, profitability, and
protection of the environment.
The approach of using IoT technology to ensure optimum
application of resources to achieve high crop yields and reduce
operational costs is called precision agriculture.
IoT in agriculture technologies comprise specialized equipment,
wireless connectivity, software and IT services.
69
https://www.iotsworldcongress.com/iot-transforming-the-future-
of-agriculture/
/59
4 Best Benefits of IoT in Agriculture

70
/59
Precision Farming
Precision farming is a process or a practice that makes the
farming procedure more accurate and controlled for raising
livestock and growing of crops. The use of IT and items like
sensors, autonomous vehicles, automated hardware, control
systems, robotics, etc in this approach are key components.
Agricultural drones are a very good example of IoT applications
in Agriculture. Agriculture industries today, have become one
of the major industries where drones can incorporate. Two types
of drones, that is, ground-based and aerial-based drones are
being incorporated in agriculture in many ways such as, for crop
health assessment, irrigation, planting, and soil & field analysis.
IoT applications help farmers to collect data regarding the
location, well-being, and health of their cattle. This information
helps them in identifying the condition of their livestock. Such
as, finding animals that are sick so, that they can separate from
the herd, preventing the spread of the disease to the entire
cattle. The feasibility of ranchers to locate their cattle with the
help of IoT based sensors helps in bringing down labor costs by

a substantial amount.
Greenhouse farming is a technique that enhances the yield of
crops, vegetables, fruits etc. Greenhouses control environmental
parameters in two ways; either through manual intervention or a
proportional control mechanism. However, since manual
intervention has disadvantages such as production loss, energy
loss, and labor cost, these methods are less effective. A smart
greenhouse through IoT embedded systems not only monitors
intelligently but also controls the climate. Thereby eliminating
any need for human intervention.
70
Video: Smart Farming
What is IoT and what does it mean for farmers? (3 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOLAIVUs9S8
This video to help explain what the Internet of Things (IoT) is
and what it means for farmers.
Smart Farming: How Robots and AI Can Help Us with Farming
(13 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfCEQgx4d-4
The world's population is growing steadily and efficient
agriculture is becoming increasingly important. That's why a lot
of research is being done on smart farming. Smart farming
means agriculture supported by robots, autonomous systems and

AI.
IoT Smart Agriculture Monitoring & Automatic Irrigation
System using ESP8266 (10 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl4qblr5dlo
In this video, we will make an IoT-based smart agriculture
monitoring & automatic irrigation system using ESP8266
NodeMCU and Blynk IoT Cloud.
71
/59
Smart Wearable
What is Smart Wearable? Definition, functions, benefits, and
more.
72
/59
Just like smart homes, wearables remain a hot topic too among

potential IOT applications. Every year, consumers all across the
globe await the release of Apple’ smartwatch. Apart from this,
there are plenty of other wearable devices that make our life
easy such as the Sony Smart B Trainer, or LookSee bracelet, the
Myo gesture control.
72
Definition of Smart Wearables
Smart wearables are consumer-grade, connected electronic
devices that can be worn on the body as an accessory or
embedded into clothing.
These include smartwatches, rings and wristbands, to name a
few, and they all have high processing power and numerous
sophisticated sensors that can glean new health insights.
Wearables is a hot topic in the market, it covers wide range of
purposes ranging from medical, wellness to fitness.
73
/59
Smart Wearable Market
The shipment volume of smart wearables globally stood at 266.3
million units in 2020, and it is projected to reach 776.23 million
units by 2026, registering a CAGR of 19.48% during the period

of 2021-2026.
74
https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/smart-
wearables-market
/59
Smart Wearable Devices
Watches.
Fitness trackers.
Hearables.
Smart clothing.
Glasses.
Smart jewelry.
Wearable cameras.
Body sensors.
Others
75
/59

Wearable Technology in Healthcare
76
/59
Future of Wearable Technology
77
Wearable Technology in the Future Will Be Seamless and
Convenient.
/59
IoT Fitness Tracker
IoT-connected devices help you optimize your fitness goals and
track progress.
Fitness trackers track your daily activities like sleeping
patterns, heart rate, patterns of activity, statistics of workouts,
calories burned, and more. These devices do all this through
sensors that collect data from your skin.
78

/59
Video: Smart Wearable
The Future of Tech is Wearables (8 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCvwPAZx_o0
Wearable NFTs anyone? Fashion marketplaces selling looks for
the Metaverse (5 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRqjnM2yv-s
Would you pay tens of thousands of bucks to buy clothes that
you could never wear in real life?
79
/59
Smart Car
What is Smart Car? Definition, functions, benefits, and more.
80
/59

Connected car technology is a vast and an extensive network of
multiple sensors, antennas, embedded software, and
technologies that assist in communication to navigate in our
complex world. It has the responsibility of making decisions
with consistency, accuracy, and speed. It also has to be reliable.
These requirements will become even more critical when
humans give up entirely the control of the steering wheel and
brakes to the autonomous or automated vehicles that are being
successfully tested on our highways right now.
80
Smart Car
Connected to various media technologies such as smart phones
or navigation systems, automobiles today are transforming into
so-called 'smart cars’.
Smart cars are not just mechanical devices, but information
media systems.
The smart car is a prosthesis that assists the driver, enhancing
the original function of the car, and provides a new place
environment to the driver by composing a hybrid space where
information space and actual space are fused. T
81
https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/168509/1/Lee-Kim.pdf

/59
What is a Smart Car?
Also known as intelligent cars, smart cars are vehicles that are
equipped with system-driven forms of artificial intelligence.
The underlying concept of the smart car is to free the driver
from many of the mundane tasks associated with driving,
making the act of driving more pleasant.
82
/59
Self-driven Cars
Self-driving cars are revolutionizing transportation.
The cars are equipped with many ultrasound sensors, cameras,
precision GPSs, and computers.
The combination of the on-board equipment allows the
computers to identify, other cars, lanes, pedestrians, and
obstructions.
This information allows the car to stay in its lane, stop when
required, and weave around obstructions.

Some of the manufacturers in the "autonomous car" market are
Tesla Motors, General Motors, Volvo, and Mercedes-Benz.
Corporations such as Waymo, Google's sibling, and Uber are
also designing and testing the technology.
83
/59
Self-driven Cars
The road to complete autonomy using this technology is
complicated.
There have been many high-profile crashes and some serious
accidents involving self-driving cars.
Some states within the USA have already approved limited use
of self-driving cars but researchers believe it will be a few
years before the technology becomes mainstream.
Once the technology is proven, what is next? Self-driving
trucks? Airplanes? Trains?
84

/59
Self-driven Cars
We’ve seen a lot about self-driven cars. Google tried it out,
Tesla tested it, and even Uber produced a version of self-driven
cars that it later shelved.
Since it’s human lives on the roads that we’re dealing with, we
need to ensure the technology has all that it takes to ensure
better safety for the passenger and those on the roads.
The cars use several sensors and embedded systems connected
to the Cloud and the internet to keep generating data and
sending them to the Cloud for informed decision-making
through Machine Learning.
Though it will take a few more years for the technology to
evolve completely and for countries to amend laws and policies,
what we’re witnessing right now is one of the best applications
of IoT.
85
/59

Self-driven Cars
86
/59
Video: Self Driving Cars
How Do Self-Driving Cars Actually Work? (10 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMH8dk9b3yA
Tesla has just launched its new self-driving semi truck, and
other companies like Google and Volvo are hot on their tails in
the self-driving automobile industry. But how do these cars
actually work?
How Does Tesla's Autopilot Work? (9 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECmG0nNJE98
Top 6 Autonomous Vehicles & Companies to watch in 2021-
2022 (11 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdFi3RToOBk
Self-driving technology is the next big thing?
As the development of self-driving cars progresses at a rapid

clip, numerous companies have stated their intentions to market
and sell autonomous automobiles.
Apple, recently announced that it would be producing a self-
driving car for consumers by 2024.
Amazon acquired the start up Zoox recently.
Many companies are working on developing self-driving cars,
software and hardware for autonomous vehicles of all types.
But some are further along in terms of real-world testing and
practical experience than others. Here are the top 6
startups/companies in autonomous driving technology.
87
/59
Smart Grid
What is Smart Grid? Definition, functions, benefits, and more.
88
/59
Smart Grid

One of the many useful IoT examples, a smart grid, is a holistic
solution that applies an extensive range of Information
Technology resources that enable existing and new gridlines to
reduce electricity waste and cost.
89
/59
What Is the Smart Grid?
A smart grid is an electricity network based on digital
technology that is used to supply electricity to consumers via
two-way digital communication.
This system allows for monitoring, analysis, control and
communication within the supply chain to help improve
efficiency, reduce energy consumption and cost, and maximize
the transparency and reliability of the energy supply chain.
The technologies that make today’s IoT-enabled energy grid
“smart” include wireless devices such as sensors, radio
modules, gateways and routers.
These devices provide the sophisticated connectivity and
communications that empower consumers to make better energy
usage decisions, allow cities to save electricity and expense,
and enables power authorities to more quickly restore power

after a blackout.
90
https://www.digi.com/blog/post/what-is-the-smart-grid-and-
how-enabled-by-iot
/59
The global Smart Grid Market size
According to Precedence Research, the smart grid market size is
projected to be worth around US$ 162.4 billion by 2030 and
expanding growth at a CAGR of 18.2% from 2021 to 2030.
91
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-
release/2021/12/15/2352520/0/en/Smart-Grid-Market-Size-to-
Worth-Around-US-162-8-Bn-by-2030.html
/59
Benefits of Smart Grid
Smart grid technology can be expressed in a single sentence: a
new electric grid with two-way communication.
Smart Grid Enables Renewable and efficient Energy Generation

Real time Billing information, Better Predictions, more Reliable
power
Smart grid is resilient, efficient and green which is good
environment
The Smart Grid as the Backbone of the Modern Smart City
Wireless technology will replace thousands of miles of cable
that would have been needed to advance the smart grid to where
it is today.
Working with smart devices and smart home
92
https://www.digi.com/blog/post/what-is-the-smart-grid-and-
how-enabled-by-iot
/59
Benefits of Smart Grid
Creating smart job opportunities
Reduce fuel costs
The smart grid is the IoT that attends to energy systems.
Utility companies use smart grid technologies to find energy

efficiencies through various means, including monitoring
energy consumption, predicting energy shortages and power
outages, and gathering data on how different individuals and
companies use energy.
The average individual can also use insights from the smart grid
to assess their own energy use and find efficiencies in their
household.
93
/59
Why Smart Grid
The growing trend today is for municipalities to move toward
smart grid technologies for a range of reasons.
Need to improve energy usage,
Provide better customer service to their citizens,
Prepare for disasters and upgrade aging technology that is
expensive to maintain
As well, advances in technology have made wireless, both
cellular and RF (radio frequency), affordable and easy to use in
smart grid applications.
94
/59

Why Smart Grid
According to Scientific American there are 200,000 miles of
high voltage transmission lines in the United States that
collectively carry more than one million megawatts of
electricity.
The problem for the U.S. is that a lot of this infrastructure was
built in the twentieth century in a multi-billion-dollar project
conceived and executed largely before the invention of the
Internet, and certainly before cellular (and RF technologies)
technology emerged as a viable replacement of expensive cable.
95
/59
How Smart Cities Are Adopting Smart Grid Technology
Smart city applications include everything from smart city
lighting, energy management and intelligent traffic management
to water treatment and wastewater management.
Sensors in traffic lights can send information back to a central
authority for decision making.
With intelligent traffic systems, both surface traffic and public
transportation can be managed with routing and traffic lighting

to improve or eliminate congestion.
IoT sensors in streetlights can also adjust off and on timing and
brightness according to real time conditions.
Sensors can also send out an alert if a light needs servicing.
No need to wait for a call from an angry customer complaining
about streetlights being out.
96
/59
Application of Smart Grid
fault protection, outage management, dynamic control of
voltage, weather data integration, centralized capacitor bank
control, distribution and substation automation, advanced
sensing, automated feeder reconfiguration.
97
/59
Videos for Smart Grid
The Future of Energy: Smart Grid and the Industrial IoT (4 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0ZQc3tJCwQ

The power grid is changing. With the proliferation of renewable
generation technologies and drive to improve demand response,
the grid's current architecture must change to realize the
promise of the IIoT.
The Smart Grid Explained - An Understanding for Everyone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4L31dHXP6i0
EPCE, the Energy Providers Coalition for Education
(www.epceonline.org) with Common Craft present this video
intended to provide a simple explanation of what smart grid
does, is capable of and why it's important.
98
/59
Industrial IoT (IIoT)
What is Industrial IoT (IIoT)? Definition, functions, benefits,
and more.
99
/59

What is the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
The industrial internet of things (IIoT) refers to the extension
and use of the internet of things (IoT) in industrial sectors and
applications.
With a strong focus on machine-to-machine (M2M)
communication, big data, and machine learning, the IIoT
enables industries and enterprises to have better efficiency and
reliability in their operations.
The IIoT encompasses industrial applications, including
robotics, medical devices, and software-defined production
processes.
100
/59
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) market size worldwide
The global market for industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) was
sized at over 263 billion U.S. dollars in 2021. The market is
expected to grow in size in the coming years, reaching some
1.11 trillion U.S. dollars by 2028.
101
/59

Application of IIoT
IIoT can be used to monitor and control the heating, lighting,
energy consumption, fire protection, employee safety and many
other systems for multiple buildings from a central location.
The real-time machine data can be transferred to a central cloud
application, using industrial communication networks.
102
/59
Use of IIoT by industrial companies
ABB: Smart robotics
Airbus: Factory of the Future
Amazon: Reinventing warehousing
Boeing: Using IoT to drive manufacturing efficiency
Bosch: Track and trace innovator
Caterpillar: An IIoT pioneer
Fanuc: Helping to minimize downtime in factories
Gehring: A pioneer in connected manufacturing
Hitachi: An integrated IIoT approach
John Deere: Self-driving tractors and more

John Deere: Self-driving tractors and more
Shell: Smart oil field innovator
103
/59
Benefits of IIoT
Increase productivity and uptime.
Improve process efficiencies.
Accelerate innovation.
Reduce asset downtime.
Enhance operational efficiency.
Create end-to-end operational visibility.
Improve product quality.
Reduce operating costs.
Predictive Maintenance.
Quality Control.
Safer Operating Environment for Workers. ...
Inventory/Supply Chain Management.
Process Optimization.
Customer Satisfaction.

AI Supercharging IIoT.
104
/59
Manufactures are using (IIoT)
For supply chain to delivery
For organized view of production,
For process and product data,
For big data analytics and predictive modeling,
For prevent defects and downtime,
For maximize equipment performance,
For cut warranty costs,
For boost production yield and enhance the customer
experience.
105
/59

What is difference between IoT and IIoT?
They both connect devices to the internet and make them
smarter.
The difference is that IoT works to make consumers live more
convenient and easier, where IIoT works to increase safety and
efficiency on production facilities.
IoT is B2C (business-to-consumer) and IIoT is B2B (business-
to-business).
106
/59
Security considerations and challenges of IIoT
Many security problems associated with the IIoT stem from a
lack of basic security measures in place.
With IIoT implementations, three areas need to be focused on:
availability, scalability, and security.
Security, however, is where many can stumble when integrating
the IIoT into their operations.
Manufacturers should bIIoT adopters have responsibility of
securing the setup and use of their connected devices, but
device manufacturers have the obligation of protecting their

INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA.docx

INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA.docx

Similar to INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA.docx (20)

More from pauline234567

More from pauline234567 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

INST560, Internet of Things (IoT)UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA.docx