This study examined journalists' attitudes toward covering agricultural and rural development news in Ogun State, Nigeria. The researchers surveyed 40 journalists and found that most were male, married, Christian, and had 6-10 years of experience. The majority cited organizational problems, lack of transportation to rural areas, poor roads, inadequate equipment, and lack of audience interest as constraints. Older and more experienced journalists had a more negative perception of covering agricultural news. There was an inverse relationship between constraints faced and amount of coverage - the more constraints, the less coverage. The researchers concluded that journalists were generally not well-disposed toward covering agricultural news due to these challenges.
The document summarizes a study on vegetable production and marketing in Zanzibar, Tanzania. It finds that about 59% of farmers commercially produce vegetables, though only 30-35% of yields are sold. Of the 16 dominant vegetable types in markets, only 9 were profitably produced by local farmers. Constraints included lack of land expansion for production, insufficient access to inputs, pests/diseases, and limited access to markets. Wholesalers purchased 85% of farmers' yields, dictating prices in most sales. Imports filled domestic demand gaps due to seasonal local supply and quality issues. Support was recommended to improve farmers' production and market access.
The document discusses a study on the information needs of agricultural extension officers in Ghana. It provides background on the importance of agriculture to Ghana's economy and issues such as low yields, growth and food insecurity. The study aimed to analyze the information needs of extension agents in a district of Ghana. It reviewed literature on extension delivery in Ghana and information needs of agents. The methodology involved questionnaires administered to farmers and agents to assess their information needs. Key findings included the technical, commercial, social and legal information needs of extension agents based on scores in different areas like pest control, marketing and legislation.
Effect of Yam-Based Production on Poverty Status of Farmers In Kabba/Bunu Loc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Poverty as a scourge is multi-dimensional in scope and needs concerted efforts to resolve. The study focused on the effect of yam-based farming on poverty status of farmer in Kabba/Bunu Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Kogi State, Nigeria.
Specifically, the objectives were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of yam farmers in the study area, determine the effects of yam-based farming on their economic status, examine their level of poverty and examine the determinants of poverty status. Data for the study was obtained from a well-structured questionnaire administered to 120 respondents selected from the study area. Data analysis was done using simple descriptive statistics, poverty line analysis and logit model, the hypothesis was tested using t-test statistics.
The results showed that without income from yam production 68.5% of the respondents were below the poverty line while 31.5% of the respondents were above poverty line. But with yam production, the annual income of the respondents significantly scaled up (P < 0.05) with the proportion of the poor and non-poor being 29% and 71% respectively: Respondent perceived benefits derivable from yam-based production at (mean ≥ 3.00); were absence of hunger in the households (mean ≤ 4.42); affording better medical services (mean 4.26); ability to pay school fees (mean = 4.07) and payment of house rents (mean 3.44) among others. Finally, the results also revealed that three variable in the logit regression model were significant in explaining variation in the poverty status of the farming households. These are farm size, income from yam-based production and non-farming activities. It was recommended that government should provide bigger plot of land for those farmers who are determined to take farming as business and youth should be empowered in rural areas for farming.
Assessment of public and private extension administration in southwestern nig...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed public and private agricultural extension administration in Southwestern Nigeria. 270 farmers across 3 states were surveyed about their involvement in extension programs from the public Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and two private organizations. Results showed higher participation in private extension activities and that factors like financial support, input supply, and advisory services determined farmers' choice of programs. Statistical tests found no significant difference in farmers' attitudes toward public and private extension or relationship between attitude and participation level. The study concluded that private extension administration was more effective and recommended a merger of public and private sectors to improve extension services.
Determinants of Income Inequality Among Cooperative Farmers in Anambra Stateijtsrd
This study examines determinants of income inequality among cooperative farmers in Anambra State. The study, modeled variables like farmers efficiency, technology, market proximity, credit obtained, farm size, soil fertility, crop type, input supply and agric extension services using descriptive and inferential statistics. The population of this study was made up of 298 members of selected cooperative societies in Anambra State and a sample of 171 was determined for the study using Taro Yamane formula. A structured questionnaire was administered to 171 respondents but only 115 responded to the questionnaire. The data collected using the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that apart from market proximity which was not significant, all other factors farmers' efficiency, technology, credit obtained, farm size, soil fertility, crop type, input supply and agric extension services contributed significantly to the farmers' income. This study therefore recommends that The government should carry out a public enlightenment campaign on the potentials of agricultural cooperatives as sustainable approach for reducing income inequality through synergy and emphasis should be placed more on cooperative education as requirement for growth and development since most of the people in the target areas has low educational background. The agricultural cooperative subsector should be adequately financed to help improve the farmers' income and also reduce income inequality. Agricultural technology transfer through extension services should be encouraged to help create awareness and increase adoption of better ways farming so as to increase the farmers' income and reduce income inequality among others. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Uzondu, Chikodiri Scholastica ""Determinants of Income Inequality Among Cooperative Farmers in Anambra State"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23149.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/23149/determinants-of-income-inequality-among-cooperative-farmers-in-anambra-state/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
This document summarizes research on using smartphone technology to increase income stability among fish farmers in Senegal. It discusses how fish farming is a major industry in Senegal but many fish farmers live in poverty. The study explores implementing smartphone apps to help farmers track finances and market opportunities. A survey was conducted of students to understand their smartphone use, finding most use social media and financial apps and feel the latter helps manage their money. The document reviews related literature on ICT use in Senegal and income diversification strategies for farmers.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
This document analyzes factors that influence loan repayment among yam farmers in Ghana's Sene District. It finds that education level, farming experience, profit from yam sales, age, supervision from loan officers, and off-farm income positively affect repayment, while gender and marital status have negative effects. The study uses a probit model and data from 100 farmers to determine that socioeconomic characteristics like education, experience, and household income are critical for improving smallholder farmers' ability to repay agricultural loans.
The document summarizes a study on vegetable production and marketing in Zanzibar, Tanzania. It finds that about 59% of farmers commercially produce vegetables, though only 30-35% of yields are sold. Of the 16 dominant vegetable types in markets, only 9 were profitably produced by local farmers. Constraints included lack of land expansion for production, insufficient access to inputs, pests/diseases, and limited access to markets. Wholesalers purchased 85% of farmers' yields, dictating prices in most sales. Imports filled domestic demand gaps due to seasonal local supply and quality issues. Support was recommended to improve farmers' production and market access.
The document discusses a study on the information needs of agricultural extension officers in Ghana. It provides background on the importance of agriculture to Ghana's economy and issues such as low yields, growth and food insecurity. The study aimed to analyze the information needs of extension agents in a district of Ghana. It reviewed literature on extension delivery in Ghana and information needs of agents. The methodology involved questionnaires administered to farmers and agents to assess their information needs. Key findings included the technical, commercial, social and legal information needs of extension agents based on scores in different areas like pest control, marketing and legislation.
Effect of Yam-Based Production on Poverty Status of Farmers In Kabba/Bunu Loc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Poverty as a scourge is multi-dimensional in scope and needs concerted efforts to resolve. The study focused on the effect of yam-based farming on poverty status of farmer in Kabba/Bunu Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Kogi State, Nigeria.
Specifically, the objectives were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of yam farmers in the study area, determine the effects of yam-based farming on their economic status, examine their level of poverty and examine the determinants of poverty status. Data for the study was obtained from a well-structured questionnaire administered to 120 respondents selected from the study area. Data analysis was done using simple descriptive statistics, poverty line analysis and logit model, the hypothesis was tested using t-test statistics.
The results showed that without income from yam production 68.5% of the respondents were below the poverty line while 31.5% of the respondents were above poverty line. But with yam production, the annual income of the respondents significantly scaled up (P < 0.05) with the proportion of the poor and non-poor being 29% and 71% respectively: Respondent perceived benefits derivable from yam-based production at (mean ≥ 3.00); were absence of hunger in the households (mean ≤ 4.42); affording better medical services (mean 4.26); ability to pay school fees (mean = 4.07) and payment of house rents (mean 3.44) among others. Finally, the results also revealed that three variable in the logit regression model were significant in explaining variation in the poverty status of the farming households. These are farm size, income from yam-based production and non-farming activities. It was recommended that government should provide bigger plot of land for those farmers who are determined to take farming as business and youth should be empowered in rural areas for farming.
Assessment of public and private extension administration in southwestern nig...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed public and private agricultural extension administration in Southwestern Nigeria. 270 farmers across 3 states were surveyed about their involvement in extension programs from the public Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and two private organizations. Results showed higher participation in private extension activities and that factors like financial support, input supply, and advisory services determined farmers' choice of programs. Statistical tests found no significant difference in farmers' attitudes toward public and private extension or relationship between attitude and participation level. The study concluded that private extension administration was more effective and recommended a merger of public and private sectors to improve extension services.
Determinants of Income Inequality Among Cooperative Farmers in Anambra Stateijtsrd
This study examines determinants of income inequality among cooperative farmers in Anambra State. The study, modeled variables like farmers efficiency, technology, market proximity, credit obtained, farm size, soil fertility, crop type, input supply and agric extension services using descriptive and inferential statistics. The population of this study was made up of 298 members of selected cooperative societies in Anambra State and a sample of 171 was determined for the study using Taro Yamane formula. A structured questionnaire was administered to 171 respondents but only 115 responded to the questionnaire. The data collected using the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that apart from market proximity which was not significant, all other factors farmers' efficiency, technology, credit obtained, farm size, soil fertility, crop type, input supply and agric extension services contributed significantly to the farmers' income. This study therefore recommends that The government should carry out a public enlightenment campaign on the potentials of agricultural cooperatives as sustainable approach for reducing income inequality through synergy and emphasis should be placed more on cooperative education as requirement for growth and development since most of the people in the target areas has low educational background. The agricultural cooperative subsector should be adequately financed to help improve the farmers' income and also reduce income inequality. Agricultural technology transfer through extension services should be encouraged to help create awareness and increase adoption of better ways farming so as to increase the farmers' income and reduce income inequality among others. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Uzondu, Chikodiri Scholastica ""Determinants of Income Inequality Among Cooperative Farmers in Anambra State"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23149.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/23149/determinants-of-income-inequality-among-cooperative-farmers-in-anambra-state/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
This document summarizes research on using smartphone technology to increase income stability among fish farmers in Senegal. It discusses how fish farming is a major industry in Senegal but many fish farmers live in poverty. The study explores implementing smartphone apps to help farmers track finances and market opportunities. A survey was conducted of students to understand their smartphone use, finding most use social media and financial apps and feel the latter helps manage their money. The document reviews related literature on ICT use in Senegal and income diversification strategies for farmers.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
This document analyzes factors that influence loan repayment among yam farmers in Ghana's Sene District. It finds that education level, farming experience, profit from yam sales, age, supervision from loan officers, and off-farm income positively affect repayment, while gender and marital status have negative effects. The study uses a probit model and data from 100 farmers to determine that socioeconomic characteristics like education, experience, and household income are critical for improving smallholder farmers' ability to repay agricultural loans.
Impact of National Fadama Development Project III in Alleviating Poverty amon...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper examined the impact of National Fadama Development Project III on their socioeconomic status, poverty issues and equally assesses the extent to which participation in the programme has reduce poverty among participants. The study relied primary data collected using structured questionnaire and personal interview. The analytical tools used include descriptive statistics and Foster Greer Thorbecke poverty index. The result of the analysis revealed that the per capita expenditure for participants N750,167.64 per annum. While that of non participants was N605833.57 per annum. The poverty line for the participants and non participants were N500,111.36 and N403,889.05 the poverty head count were 18.20% and 41.30%, the gap index was 10.20% and 25.90%, poverty severity index was 3.30% and 6.90% respectively. All the poverty indices showed that non participants were poorer than the participant’s household in the study area. The poverty line and core poverty for participants were found to be higher than that of the non participants, indicating that the participants had better standard of living when compare with non participants, meaning the programme have positive impact on their consumption expenditure through increased in income accrued. Hence, more participants were non poor than the non participants. Therefore, federal government should as a matter of deliberate policy initiated moves towards forcing state and local government through direct deduction from statutory allocation to pay counterparts fund for sustenance of the project.
Fadama Crop Farming Enterprise and Poverty Alleviation in Kogi State, NigeriaAI Publications
Poverty is an affront to the existence of mankind, which must be fought from all angles. This study examines the impact of Fadama crop farming enterprise on poverty alleviation in Kogi State. Questionnaires were administered to 180 households, 90 each to Fadama crop farming and Non-Fadama farming households in the area. Data was analyzed using the relative poverty index and the logit regression model. The relative poverty index using the so-called P.alpha shows that the non-Fadama farming households had higher values of the various dimensions of the incidence of poverty, P0, P1, and P2, than the Fadama crop farming households while the logit regression analysis with the aid of the SPSS packages revealed that five of the nine variables, namely; farm size, household size, annual income, total expenditure and age of the household heads, were statistically significant at 5% level. The study has identified Fadama crop farming enterprise as a means of economic development and poverty alleviation and therefore recommends the development and proper management of the vast Fadama resources and potential in Kogi State and Nigeria at large, the enhancement of the income base of the Fadama crop farmers through governments’ deliberate policies/programmes, the provision/subsidization of Fadama farming inputs as well as education/public enlightenment of the Fadama crop farmers. Finally, suggestions for further studies on the impact of Fadama farming generally on poverty alleviation and the role of other enterprises such as the small scale industries/businesses on poverty alleviation in the study area were proffered.
Analysis of the Factors Militating against the Implementation of Agricultural...Premier Publishers
This document analyzes factors hindering the implementation of the Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Programme Phase 1 (ATASP-1) in promoting agricultural extension services in Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria. The study found that lack of funding, inadequate extension staff, poor remuneration, and lack of farmer involvement in decision making affected ATASP-1's success. It also revealed that ATASP-1 provided training to farmers on improved practices and inputs but was limited by insufficient monitoring and evaluation. To better promote agriculture and support farmers, the document recommends increasing extension workers, inputs, and engagement with farmers through radio, TV and groups.
Influence of Farmer Group Membership on the Practice of Improved Agricultural...paperpublications3
The study examined the influence of farmer group membership on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed. The analysed data was presented using tables. From the analysis 229(75.3%) of the farmers belonged to a farmer group while 75(24.7%) were not members of any farmer group. The results indicated that the relationship was significant at 0.005 and 0.006 for the practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination respectively. It can be concluded that membership in a farmer group increased the chance of a farmer practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination. The study recommends that government should facilitate the Farmer Groups to transform their organizations into cooperatives in order to gain legal identify to transact business, increase their bargaining power and intensify their collective voices in policy engagement.
Review on Role and Challenges of Agricultural Extension Service on Farm Produ...Premier Publishers
Majority of Ethiopian farmers have been using traditional way of agricultural practices which persist to low productivity. To solve these problems, governmental and non-governmental organizations have made efforts to bring about change through Agricultural extension strategy. But these efforts notwithstanding, the rural population still practices subsistence. The agricultural extension service is one of the institutional support services that has a central role to play in the transformation process, but facing new extension challenge. There were many studies conducted to identify role and challenges of extension service in Ethiopia in different regions, but there is limitation of summarization of current state of understanding. However; governments of developing countries are confronting new extension challenges: on the one hand, there is a need to increase production to provide food for all citizens, raising the income of the rural population and reducing poverty; on the other, hand there is a need to manage the natural resources in a sustainable way with new technologies developed . The mandate of extension services, whether public or private, has always been rural human resources development with an aim to increase food production. The major challenge currently facing agricultural extension service delivery in Ethiopia has its impact on the development of country.
An analysis of factors affecting smallholder rice farmers’ levelAlexander Decker
This document analyzes factors affecting market participation among smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania. It uses survey data from 842 households in major rice producing regions to quantitatively analyze the determinants of sales volumes and market participation. The results found that household consumption, land cultivated, livestock owned, and being in a rural area positively impacted market participation, while non-farm income and being in Mbeya or Tabora regions negatively impacted it. The study also identified low rice production, poor transportation infrastructure, lack of nearby markets, and inadequate access to improved seeds and inputs as major problems limiting smallholder farmers' participation in markets.
The state of agricultural productivity and food security in Zimbabwe’s Post 2...inventionjournals
The paper explores the outcomes of the post 2000 land reform programme implemented in the communal area of Umguza district. This involved the triangulation of qualitative data collection methods to gather data from the respondents. A total of 45 famers were sampled for unstructured interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of the study revealed that there are numerous factors that contributed to the decline in agricultural production that included limited skills from the farmers, lack of investment on land because of tenure insecurities, sabotage from former white commercial famers and the rise of climate change. Among the recommendations made was thatthe state should consider training new farmers upon allocating land to them as this will ensure that farmers know what to do once they are in the farms.
Influence of Farmer Level of Education on the Practice of Improved Agricultur...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examined the influence of farmers’ education level on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, correlation, Chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. Internal consistency technique was used to ensure reliability of the research instrument through the computation of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha and was found to be 0.81 which meant that the data collection instrument was consistent and reliable. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed giving a Questionnaire Return Rate (QRR) of 91.6%. The analysed data was presented using tables. The study revealed that 44.4% of the farmers had completed primary level education. The study established that farmer level of education did not significantly influence the practice of agricultural technologies. In order to boost farmer literacy levels, the study recommends that the Directorate of Adult and Continuing Education should consider working with farmer groups in promoting functionality of literacy centres.
Study of Mobile Phone Gratification Sought and Obtained by Aquaculture Farmer...IJEAB
Mobile phone is strategic in the current effort to improve advisory services delivery and effectiveness of information sharing toenhance aquaculture entrepreneurship for food security, and wealth creation in the country. This prompted the study of mobile phone gratification sought and obtained among table size aquaculture fish food producers through the application of Uses and Gratification Theory. In pursuit of the set objectives, primary data was generated from 100 respondents in Niger State, Nigeria which was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistic tools. Personal profile revealed dominance of aquapreneur by people in middle age categories with mean age of 42 years and 4.5year of experience. Respondents top gratifications sought from mobile phone usage were to be accessible, connected, job accomplishment and socialization whereas obtained gratifications in enterprise were to support adoption of technologies, timely information, linkage to customers, quick response, and access to inputs. It was revealed that respondents had positive antecedent to mobile phone services subscription relating to caller tone, music, news alert, sports, and health. Socio-economic variables that correlate with gratification sought and obtained were marital status, religion, and education at 0.05 level. In view of the finding on responsible usage of mobile phone in aquaculture enterprise, more investment is required develop mobile phone applications and services. To sustain and improve on the benefits derived, respondents need capacity building to acquire more knowledge and skills to effectively participate in advisory services.
Agriculture has been the major source of livelihood in Nigeria, primarily because the environment is favorable for Agricultural practice. On the basis of climate, topography and vegetation the country is divided into five agricultural zones, namely Dry sub humid, Sub-humid, very humid and swamp/flood. Subsistence agriculture formed the major system of farming in the olden days which provide food crops for human consumption, while surplus are transported to the local markets for sale. Subsistence agriculture also forms the basis upon which all other system of farming are built. Hence, this paper examines the problems and prospects of subsistence agriculture in Ibarapa East local Government Area of Oyo State. Ten farming centres were used as samples in the area. Questionnaires were used to collect relevant data. Percentage and T-test distribution techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings show that there is low agricultural production in the study area as a result of problems such as shortage of fund, land tenure system, inadequate transportation system among others.
C:\fakepath\the removal of agricultural subsidies and their effects on tomato...george atauhene boateng
The document discusses the removal of agricultural subsidies in Ghana and their effects on tomato production in Akomadan, Offinso District. It provides background on Ghana's agricultural sector and the decline in production following reductions in subsidies. The study aims to examine the effects of subsidy removal on tomato farmers' access to inputs, production levels, incomes, and the future of the sector. It describes the research methodology used, including a literature review, survey of farmers, and analysis of production data from before and after subsidy reductions.
Koch Food Security Field Assessment Report (Final Draft)George Bete
This assessment report summarizes the findings of a Food Security and Livelihoods assessment conducted in Koch County, South Sudan from August 14-27, 2014 following conflict in the region. Key findings include:
1) Most families are moderately food insecure relying mainly on wild foods, livestock, and limited relief aid. Diets have significantly deteriorated.
2) Own food production and market access have been disrupted leading to high food prices and skewed trade terms negatively impacting livestock keepers.
3) Livelihoods have been affected with limited income sources. The situation risks further decline into severe food insecurity if not addressed.
Factors influencing the intensity of market participation among smallholder w...AI Publications
Participation in commercial agriculture holds considerable potential for unlocking suitable opportunity sets necessary for providing better incomes and sustainable livelihoods for small scalefarmers. In developing countries like Ethiopia, most smallholder farmers are characterized by poor market participation because they lack market information on marketing of agricultural products. This study examined factors that influence the intensity of market participation among smallholder farmers in JabiTehnan districtusing survey data collected from randomly selected 120 farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze market participation of smallholder wheat farmers in JabiTehnan district. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary data sources using cross sectional data.Probit model regression result showed that, perception of wheat market price, quantity of wheat produced, size of land allocated for wheat and frequency of extension contact had significant and positively effect on market participation decision, while distance to nearest market, family size had significant negative effect. Based on the study policy interventions like family planning, awareness to farmers to supply wheat to the market when price is fair for them, strength extension service and infrastructure like market access, improve land management practice by use of a right input at a right timeas a means to enhance wheat market participation.
The economic impact of agricultural development on poverty reduction and welf...Caroline Chenqi Zhou
This study employs quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the relationship between agricultural development, poverty reduction, and income inequality. Building upon the World Bank’s Enabling the Business of Agriculture study (2016) and data from the World Development Indicators (2015) for the years 2000 to 2014, we test two hypotheses. The first pertains to agricultural development and poverty reduction to assess to what extent agricultural development reduces poverty. The second, in a similar fashion, addresses the relationship between agricultural development and income inequality. To supplement our quantitative analysis of these questions, we include a case study of agricultural development, agricultural policy reforms, and their impact in Vietnam and Tanzania. We find evidence that agricultural development reduces poverty.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies (IATs) amo...Premier Publishers
The study examined factors influencing adoption of improved agricultural technologies (IATs) among smallholder farmers in rural communities of Kaduna State.The study was conducted in Giwa and Sabon-gari Local Government Areas. Three objectives guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the farming communities for the study. Two rural communities (Bassawa and Shika) were purposely selected out of 16 villages primarily because of their age-long agricultural technologies. The sample size of the study was 200 smallholder farmers made up of 100 farmers from each of the communities which were purposively selected. Primary data were collected using a structured interview schedule, focus group discussion and in-depth interview while the secondary data which relate to the objectives of the study were collected from the office of the Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS), ABU, Zaria. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentages. Results from the findings of the study revealed a positive significant (p<0.05) influence on adoption of agricultural technology and farmers’ educational levels, gender and age also had a positive significant influence on the adoption of technology. Therefore, the following recommendations were made: there is need to increase farmers’ capital and credit facilities and make funds accessible to the farmers. Also, it is therefore imperative for Government to ensure that policies that support the adoption of improved agricultural technologies are put in place.
Analysis of impact of national fadama development projects on beneficiaries i...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article that analyzes the impact of Nigeria's National Fadama Development Projects on the incomes and wealth of beneficiary farmers in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The study found that while the value of productive assets owned by beneficiary farmers increased during the Fadama III project, their net farm income actually decreased. This could be due to limitations faced by farmers or because beneficiary contributions to acquire new assets may have reduced short-term investment and income. The article recommends promoting access to productive assets through rotating savings and credit associations and addressing the low capacity of poor farmers to efficiently manage assets through training.
Risk aversion among farmers of the national program for food security in imo ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between socioeconomic factors and risk aversion among farmers participating in Nigeria's National Program for Food Security in Imo State. The study found that the average farmer was 56 years old, had 10 years of education, a household size of 9 people, and 29 years of farming experience. Most farmers exhibited risk averse behavior. Farm size, contact with extension agents, available capital, and farm income influenced farmers' risk coefficients. The document concludes that understanding farmers' risk attitudes is important for ensuring the success of rural development programs.
This research work examined the impact of Agriculture output on Economic Growth in Nigeria, with the objective of determining the relationship between the Agricultural sector and the Economic Growth rates in Nigeria. Thus, the research was aimed at examining the contributions of agriculture (value added) to the growth of the national economy, investigating government expenditure on agriculture in Nigeria, and determining the contributions of crop production from agriculture on the Nigerian economy. Data were collected from the World Bank Data base and CBN statistical bulletin. Co-Integration and Vector Error correction model techniques were employed as well as the Granger Causality test to determine the causality relationship between Agriculture and Economic Growth. As a result of the data collected, analyzed and interpreted, the research found that Agriculture has positive and long run impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria. The paper recommends amongst many other things that the Government of Nigeria should put in more efforts to diversify the Nigerian economy as the Nigerian agricultural sector currently suffers a lot of marginalization which has not enabled it to contribute more significantly as it should.
This document analyzes the information needs of agricultural extension agents in rural Ghana. It discusses how access to relevant and timely information is crucial for extension agents to effectively disseminate information to small-scale farmers and help increase agricultural production. The study assessed the information needs of 130 extension agents across eight districts of northern Ghana. It found that major gaps exist in the extension agents' knowledge of technical and legal information needed by farmers, hindering improvements in productivity. The document recommends that extension agent training include computer literacy to improve their access to internet resources and agricultural information.
Analysis of the Usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Acce...AJSERJournal
Owing to the importance of information communication technologies on activities of rural households, this
study analyzed the usage of ICTs in dissemination of agricultural information to smallholder farmers in Kwara state,
Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 210 smallholder farmers which were selected
using both random and systematic sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and chi square were used to analyze
data. The results reveal that the mean age of the farmers was 37.6 years, while 52.9% of the farmers were females. The
three most important ICT tools used by farmers were mobile phone, radio and television. There was relevance and
timeliness in the quality of information through radio and mobile phone, respectively based on farmers’ perception.
However, the major constraints identified by farmers were erratic power supply, high call rates and bad networks.
There was significant relationship between respondents’ age (χ2=17.333., p= 0.010), gender (χ2=32.267., p= 0.000),
education (χ2=122.000, p= 0.000), marital status (χ2=18.467, p= 0.048) and the type of ICTs used in agricultural
information dissemination. The study therefore concludes that ICTs is well used by the farmers. The study recommends
amongst others the need for relevant stakeholders to set up an enabling environment that will enhance economic
development.
Impact of National Fadama Development Project III in Alleviating Poverty amon...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper examined the impact of National Fadama Development Project III on their socioeconomic status, poverty issues and equally assesses the extent to which participation in the programme has reduce poverty among participants. The study relied primary data collected using structured questionnaire and personal interview. The analytical tools used include descriptive statistics and Foster Greer Thorbecke poverty index. The result of the analysis revealed that the per capita expenditure for participants N750,167.64 per annum. While that of non participants was N605833.57 per annum. The poverty line for the participants and non participants were N500,111.36 and N403,889.05 the poverty head count were 18.20% and 41.30%, the gap index was 10.20% and 25.90%, poverty severity index was 3.30% and 6.90% respectively. All the poverty indices showed that non participants were poorer than the participant’s household in the study area. The poverty line and core poverty for participants were found to be higher than that of the non participants, indicating that the participants had better standard of living when compare with non participants, meaning the programme have positive impact on their consumption expenditure through increased in income accrued. Hence, more participants were non poor than the non participants. Therefore, federal government should as a matter of deliberate policy initiated moves towards forcing state and local government through direct deduction from statutory allocation to pay counterparts fund for sustenance of the project.
Fadama Crop Farming Enterprise and Poverty Alleviation in Kogi State, NigeriaAI Publications
Poverty is an affront to the existence of mankind, which must be fought from all angles. This study examines the impact of Fadama crop farming enterprise on poverty alleviation in Kogi State. Questionnaires were administered to 180 households, 90 each to Fadama crop farming and Non-Fadama farming households in the area. Data was analyzed using the relative poverty index and the logit regression model. The relative poverty index using the so-called P.alpha shows that the non-Fadama farming households had higher values of the various dimensions of the incidence of poverty, P0, P1, and P2, than the Fadama crop farming households while the logit regression analysis with the aid of the SPSS packages revealed that five of the nine variables, namely; farm size, household size, annual income, total expenditure and age of the household heads, were statistically significant at 5% level. The study has identified Fadama crop farming enterprise as a means of economic development and poverty alleviation and therefore recommends the development and proper management of the vast Fadama resources and potential in Kogi State and Nigeria at large, the enhancement of the income base of the Fadama crop farmers through governments’ deliberate policies/programmes, the provision/subsidization of Fadama farming inputs as well as education/public enlightenment of the Fadama crop farmers. Finally, suggestions for further studies on the impact of Fadama farming generally on poverty alleviation and the role of other enterprises such as the small scale industries/businesses on poverty alleviation in the study area were proffered.
Analysis of the Factors Militating against the Implementation of Agricultural...Premier Publishers
This document analyzes factors hindering the implementation of the Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Programme Phase 1 (ATASP-1) in promoting agricultural extension services in Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria. The study found that lack of funding, inadequate extension staff, poor remuneration, and lack of farmer involvement in decision making affected ATASP-1's success. It also revealed that ATASP-1 provided training to farmers on improved practices and inputs but was limited by insufficient monitoring and evaluation. To better promote agriculture and support farmers, the document recommends increasing extension workers, inputs, and engagement with farmers through radio, TV and groups.
Influence of Farmer Group Membership on the Practice of Improved Agricultural...paperpublications3
The study examined the influence of farmer group membership on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed. The analysed data was presented using tables. From the analysis 229(75.3%) of the farmers belonged to a farmer group while 75(24.7%) were not members of any farmer group. The results indicated that the relationship was significant at 0.005 and 0.006 for the practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination respectively. It can be concluded that membership in a farmer group increased the chance of a farmer practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination. The study recommends that government should facilitate the Farmer Groups to transform their organizations into cooperatives in order to gain legal identify to transact business, increase their bargaining power and intensify their collective voices in policy engagement.
Review on Role and Challenges of Agricultural Extension Service on Farm Produ...Premier Publishers
Majority of Ethiopian farmers have been using traditional way of agricultural practices which persist to low productivity. To solve these problems, governmental and non-governmental organizations have made efforts to bring about change through Agricultural extension strategy. But these efforts notwithstanding, the rural population still practices subsistence. The agricultural extension service is one of the institutional support services that has a central role to play in the transformation process, but facing new extension challenge. There were many studies conducted to identify role and challenges of extension service in Ethiopia in different regions, but there is limitation of summarization of current state of understanding. However; governments of developing countries are confronting new extension challenges: on the one hand, there is a need to increase production to provide food for all citizens, raising the income of the rural population and reducing poverty; on the other, hand there is a need to manage the natural resources in a sustainable way with new technologies developed . The mandate of extension services, whether public or private, has always been rural human resources development with an aim to increase food production. The major challenge currently facing agricultural extension service delivery in Ethiopia has its impact on the development of country.
An analysis of factors affecting smallholder rice farmers’ levelAlexander Decker
This document analyzes factors affecting market participation among smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania. It uses survey data from 842 households in major rice producing regions to quantitatively analyze the determinants of sales volumes and market participation. The results found that household consumption, land cultivated, livestock owned, and being in a rural area positively impacted market participation, while non-farm income and being in Mbeya or Tabora regions negatively impacted it. The study also identified low rice production, poor transportation infrastructure, lack of nearby markets, and inadequate access to improved seeds and inputs as major problems limiting smallholder farmers' participation in markets.
The state of agricultural productivity and food security in Zimbabwe’s Post 2...inventionjournals
The paper explores the outcomes of the post 2000 land reform programme implemented in the communal area of Umguza district. This involved the triangulation of qualitative data collection methods to gather data from the respondents. A total of 45 famers were sampled for unstructured interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of the study revealed that there are numerous factors that contributed to the decline in agricultural production that included limited skills from the farmers, lack of investment on land because of tenure insecurities, sabotage from former white commercial famers and the rise of climate change. Among the recommendations made was thatthe state should consider training new farmers upon allocating land to them as this will ensure that farmers know what to do once they are in the farms.
Influence of Farmer Level of Education on the Practice of Improved Agricultur...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examined the influence of farmers’ education level on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, correlation, Chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. Internal consistency technique was used to ensure reliability of the research instrument through the computation of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha and was found to be 0.81 which meant that the data collection instrument was consistent and reliable. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed giving a Questionnaire Return Rate (QRR) of 91.6%. The analysed data was presented using tables. The study revealed that 44.4% of the farmers had completed primary level education. The study established that farmer level of education did not significantly influence the practice of agricultural technologies. In order to boost farmer literacy levels, the study recommends that the Directorate of Adult and Continuing Education should consider working with farmer groups in promoting functionality of literacy centres.
Study of Mobile Phone Gratification Sought and Obtained by Aquaculture Farmer...IJEAB
Mobile phone is strategic in the current effort to improve advisory services delivery and effectiveness of information sharing toenhance aquaculture entrepreneurship for food security, and wealth creation in the country. This prompted the study of mobile phone gratification sought and obtained among table size aquaculture fish food producers through the application of Uses and Gratification Theory. In pursuit of the set objectives, primary data was generated from 100 respondents in Niger State, Nigeria which was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistic tools. Personal profile revealed dominance of aquapreneur by people in middle age categories with mean age of 42 years and 4.5year of experience. Respondents top gratifications sought from mobile phone usage were to be accessible, connected, job accomplishment and socialization whereas obtained gratifications in enterprise were to support adoption of technologies, timely information, linkage to customers, quick response, and access to inputs. It was revealed that respondents had positive antecedent to mobile phone services subscription relating to caller tone, music, news alert, sports, and health. Socio-economic variables that correlate with gratification sought and obtained were marital status, religion, and education at 0.05 level. In view of the finding on responsible usage of mobile phone in aquaculture enterprise, more investment is required develop mobile phone applications and services. To sustain and improve on the benefits derived, respondents need capacity building to acquire more knowledge and skills to effectively participate in advisory services.
Agriculture has been the major source of livelihood in Nigeria, primarily because the environment is favorable for Agricultural practice. On the basis of climate, topography and vegetation the country is divided into five agricultural zones, namely Dry sub humid, Sub-humid, very humid and swamp/flood. Subsistence agriculture formed the major system of farming in the olden days which provide food crops for human consumption, while surplus are transported to the local markets for sale. Subsistence agriculture also forms the basis upon which all other system of farming are built. Hence, this paper examines the problems and prospects of subsistence agriculture in Ibarapa East local Government Area of Oyo State. Ten farming centres were used as samples in the area. Questionnaires were used to collect relevant data. Percentage and T-test distribution techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings show that there is low agricultural production in the study area as a result of problems such as shortage of fund, land tenure system, inadequate transportation system among others.
C:\fakepath\the removal of agricultural subsidies and their effects on tomato...george atauhene boateng
The document discusses the removal of agricultural subsidies in Ghana and their effects on tomato production in Akomadan, Offinso District. It provides background on Ghana's agricultural sector and the decline in production following reductions in subsidies. The study aims to examine the effects of subsidy removal on tomato farmers' access to inputs, production levels, incomes, and the future of the sector. It describes the research methodology used, including a literature review, survey of farmers, and analysis of production data from before and after subsidy reductions.
Koch Food Security Field Assessment Report (Final Draft)George Bete
This assessment report summarizes the findings of a Food Security and Livelihoods assessment conducted in Koch County, South Sudan from August 14-27, 2014 following conflict in the region. Key findings include:
1) Most families are moderately food insecure relying mainly on wild foods, livestock, and limited relief aid. Diets have significantly deteriorated.
2) Own food production and market access have been disrupted leading to high food prices and skewed trade terms negatively impacting livestock keepers.
3) Livelihoods have been affected with limited income sources. The situation risks further decline into severe food insecurity if not addressed.
Factors influencing the intensity of market participation among smallholder w...AI Publications
Participation in commercial agriculture holds considerable potential for unlocking suitable opportunity sets necessary for providing better incomes and sustainable livelihoods for small scalefarmers. In developing countries like Ethiopia, most smallholder farmers are characterized by poor market participation because they lack market information on marketing of agricultural products. This study examined factors that influence the intensity of market participation among smallholder farmers in JabiTehnan districtusing survey data collected from randomly selected 120 farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze market participation of smallholder wheat farmers in JabiTehnan district. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary data sources using cross sectional data.Probit model regression result showed that, perception of wheat market price, quantity of wheat produced, size of land allocated for wheat and frequency of extension contact had significant and positively effect on market participation decision, while distance to nearest market, family size had significant negative effect. Based on the study policy interventions like family planning, awareness to farmers to supply wheat to the market when price is fair for them, strength extension service and infrastructure like market access, improve land management practice by use of a right input at a right timeas a means to enhance wheat market participation.
The economic impact of agricultural development on poverty reduction and welf...Caroline Chenqi Zhou
This study employs quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the relationship between agricultural development, poverty reduction, and income inequality. Building upon the World Bank’s Enabling the Business of Agriculture study (2016) and data from the World Development Indicators (2015) for the years 2000 to 2014, we test two hypotheses. The first pertains to agricultural development and poverty reduction to assess to what extent agricultural development reduces poverty. The second, in a similar fashion, addresses the relationship between agricultural development and income inequality. To supplement our quantitative analysis of these questions, we include a case study of agricultural development, agricultural policy reforms, and their impact in Vietnam and Tanzania. We find evidence that agricultural development reduces poverty.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies (IATs) amo...Premier Publishers
The study examined factors influencing adoption of improved agricultural technologies (IATs) among smallholder farmers in rural communities of Kaduna State.The study was conducted in Giwa and Sabon-gari Local Government Areas. Three objectives guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the farming communities for the study. Two rural communities (Bassawa and Shika) were purposely selected out of 16 villages primarily because of their age-long agricultural technologies. The sample size of the study was 200 smallholder farmers made up of 100 farmers from each of the communities which were purposively selected. Primary data were collected using a structured interview schedule, focus group discussion and in-depth interview while the secondary data which relate to the objectives of the study were collected from the office of the Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS), ABU, Zaria. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentages. Results from the findings of the study revealed a positive significant (p<0.05) influence on adoption of agricultural technology and farmers’ educational levels, gender and age also had a positive significant influence on the adoption of technology. Therefore, the following recommendations were made: there is need to increase farmers’ capital and credit facilities and make funds accessible to the farmers. Also, it is therefore imperative for Government to ensure that policies that support the adoption of improved agricultural technologies are put in place.
Analysis of impact of national fadama development projects on beneficiaries i...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article that analyzes the impact of Nigeria's National Fadama Development Projects on the incomes and wealth of beneficiary farmers in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The study found that while the value of productive assets owned by beneficiary farmers increased during the Fadama III project, their net farm income actually decreased. This could be due to limitations faced by farmers or because beneficiary contributions to acquire new assets may have reduced short-term investment and income. The article recommends promoting access to productive assets through rotating savings and credit associations and addressing the low capacity of poor farmers to efficiently manage assets through training.
Risk aversion among farmers of the national program for food security in imo ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between socioeconomic factors and risk aversion among farmers participating in Nigeria's National Program for Food Security in Imo State. The study found that the average farmer was 56 years old, had 10 years of education, a household size of 9 people, and 29 years of farming experience. Most farmers exhibited risk averse behavior. Farm size, contact with extension agents, available capital, and farm income influenced farmers' risk coefficients. The document concludes that understanding farmers' risk attitudes is important for ensuring the success of rural development programs.
This research work examined the impact of Agriculture output on Economic Growth in Nigeria, with the objective of determining the relationship between the Agricultural sector and the Economic Growth rates in Nigeria. Thus, the research was aimed at examining the contributions of agriculture (value added) to the growth of the national economy, investigating government expenditure on agriculture in Nigeria, and determining the contributions of crop production from agriculture on the Nigerian economy. Data were collected from the World Bank Data base and CBN statistical bulletin. Co-Integration and Vector Error correction model techniques were employed as well as the Granger Causality test to determine the causality relationship between Agriculture and Economic Growth. As a result of the data collected, analyzed and interpreted, the research found that Agriculture has positive and long run impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria. The paper recommends amongst many other things that the Government of Nigeria should put in more efforts to diversify the Nigerian economy as the Nigerian agricultural sector currently suffers a lot of marginalization which has not enabled it to contribute more significantly as it should.
This document analyzes the information needs of agricultural extension agents in rural Ghana. It discusses how access to relevant and timely information is crucial for extension agents to effectively disseminate information to small-scale farmers and help increase agricultural production. The study assessed the information needs of 130 extension agents across eight districts of northern Ghana. It found that major gaps exist in the extension agents' knowledge of technical and legal information needed by farmers, hindering improvements in productivity. The document recommends that extension agent training include computer literacy to improve their access to internet resources and agricultural information.
Analysis of the Usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Acce...AJSERJournal
Owing to the importance of information communication technologies on activities of rural households, this
study analyzed the usage of ICTs in dissemination of agricultural information to smallholder farmers in Kwara state,
Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 210 smallholder farmers which were selected
using both random and systematic sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and chi square were used to analyze
data. The results reveal that the mean age of the farmers was 37.6 years, while 52.9% of the farmers were females. The
three most important ICT tools used by farmers were mobile phone, radio and television. There was relevance and
timeliness in the quality of information through radio and mobile phone, respectively based on farmers’ perception.
However, the major constraints identified by farmers were erratic power supply, high call rates and bad networks.
There was significant relationship between respondents’ age (χ2=17.333., p= 0.010), gender (χ2=32.267., p= 0.000),
education (χ2=122.000, p= 0.000), marital status (χ2=18.467, p= 0.048) and the type of ICTs used in agricultural
information dissemination. The study therefore concludes that ICTs is well used by the farmers. The study recommends
amongst others the need for relevant stakeholders to set up an enabling environment that will enhance economic
development.
Use of radio as a tool for promoting integrated pest management among farmers...Premier Publishers
This study took a look at the place of radio in the improvement of farming practices among the farmers in Shika community in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The focus of the study was the use of radio for sensitizing farmers on integrated pest management. The objectives of the study were; examining the importance of radio as a source of agricultural information to farmers in Shika, ascertaining the level of farmers’ awareness of chemical pest control and determining how Radio can be used as a communication channel for promoting chemical pest control among farmers in Shika. Survey research method was used for the study, while copies of structured questionnaire were administered to 60 respondents purposively selected and descriptive data analysis technique was used to present and analyze the data. The findings included the fact that people of Shika do not have requisite agricultural information needed for pest control hence, there is high rate of pest attacks on their farms, the radio stations in the area rarely broadcast issues related to pest control, while there is low extension attention to the community. Improved access to agricultural information on Radio, through the Hausa language could lead to pest control needed for improved agricultural productivity in Shika community.
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
Source, Availability and Use of Agricultural Informationby Extension Agents i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Assessment of the agricultural information systems and communication arrangement used by extension workers provided a framework to identify the strength and weaknesses of the current systems and led to recommendations to improve their performance. Structured interviews were used to collect data from a randomly selected twenty eight extension workers of the Sidama zone of SNNPRs. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. The responses indicated that Woreda agricultural office top rated (77.8%), followed by mass media (55.6%), news paper (51.9%) and mobile (37%) by delivering agricultural information regularly. The result of the study shows that all of the respondents (100%) have got agricultural information in the form of training and extension meeting. Similarly, 96.3% have got from local radio program and 88.9% from field visit, manual and national radio program. In addition to this, national television program, leaflets, and regional television program serves as source of agricultural information for 74.1, 74.1, and 70.4% of the respondents respectively whereas reports and websites provide agricultural information for 3.7 and7.4% respectively. Among the respondents, the majority (59.3%) have used notebook to file agricultural information obtained from different sources through different means. However, 3.7 and 29.6% of them have been used farmers training centers (FTC) and kept the original document to file the available agricultural information. Based on the result of the study most (74.04%) of the respondents were highly motivated on their work. However 22.2 and 3.7% of them were low and medium motivated on their work respectively. The study revealed that extension agents in the study area had adequate job autonomy. However the extension workers did not have an appropriate information management system. The finding of this research revealed that the governments need to frame sensitive policies to address the problem of the extension workers loyalty to their organization in order to increase their commitment in which they play vital roles in agricultural development.
Source, Availability and Use of Agricultural Information by Extension Agents ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Assessment of the agricultural information systems and communication arrangement used by extension workers provided a framework to identify the strength and weaknesses of the current systems and led to recommendations to improve their performance. Structured interviews were used to collect data from a randomly selected twenty eight extension workers of the Sidama zone of SNNPRs. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. The responses indicated that Woreda agricultural office top rated (77.8%), followed by mass media (55.6%), news paper (51.9%) and mobile (37%) by delivering agricultural information regularly. The result of the study shows that all of the respondents (100%) have got agricultural information in the form of training and extension meeting. Similarly, 96.3% have got from local radio program and 88.9% from field visit, manual and national radio program. In addition to this, national television program, leaflets, and regional television program serves as source of agricultural information for 74.1, 74.1, and 70.4% of the respondents respectively whereas reports and websites provide agricultural information for 3.7 and7.4% respectively. Among the respondents, the majority (59.3%) have used notebook to file agricultural information obtained from different sources through different means. However, 3.7 and 29.6% of them have been used farmers training centers (FTC) and kept the original document to file the available agricultural information. Based on the result of the study most (74.04%) of the respondents were highly motivated on their work. However 22.2 and 3.7% of them were low and medium motivated on their work respectively. The study revealed that extension agents in the study area had adequate job autonomy. However the extension workers did not have an appropriate information management system. The finding of this research revealed that the governments need to frame sensitive policies to address the problem of the extension workers loyalty to their organization in order to increase their commitment in which they play vital roles in agricultural development.
Determinants of Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Development Programme Exten...BRNSS Publication Hub
The study analyzed the determinants of farmers’ adoption of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP)
extension technology packages in Ivo L.G.A of Ebonyi State. Multistage sampling procedure was employed
to select 80 farmers and eight extension agents who formed the respondents for the study. Data were
collected through the aid of questionnaire and interview schedule whereas the analysis was done using
descriptive and inferential statistics suiting each specific objective. The result showed that most of the
farmers (82.50%) and extension agents (75%) were males, respectively. Evidence showed that the mean age
of the farmers was 37 years while the mean age of the extension agents was 44 years. It was obvious that
67.50% and 75% of the farmers and extension agents were, respectively, married. The mean annual income
of the farmers and extension agents was ₦98,070 and ₦504,200, respectively. The result showed further
that about 81.9% change in the dependent variable (adoption of extension technology packages) was caused
by variations of socio-economic characteristics included in the regression model. The following were the
research recommendations; educational facilities should be made available for rural farmers to enhance
easy adoption of ADP extension technology packages to enhance production; government and NGOs should
endeavor to subsidize the cost of ADP extension technology packages to enhance easy adoption by rural
farmers; and credit institutions are advised to give farmers loans to enhance their accessibility of ADP
extension technology packages in the area
An examination of poverty among households in minna capitalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined poverty among households in Minna, Nigeria. The study found that 48.6% of respondents had incomes below the poverty line, indicating high poverty incidence. The poverty gap and squared poverty gap indices of 0.34 and 0.27, respectively, suggested poverty in Minna requires urgent attention. Poverty was highest among households headed by illiterate individuals and older farmers over 58 years old. The study concluded poverty incidence is high in the study areas and recommends dedicating more funds to practical poverty reduction programs at the state and local levels in Niger State.
This document discusses a content analysis of news media coverage of agricultural biotechnology in Ghana. It finds that coverage was overwhelmingly negative, focused on food safety and security issues, and cited industry and government sources. This negative coverage has contributed to public sentiment against GMOs in Ghana. The document calls for improving science communication strategies to enhance public understanding of this issue and foster more informed debate.
USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS FOR IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah
state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector.
Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their
internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural
information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily
access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting
effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider
during the implementation process.
Use of Management Information System by Farmers for Improve Productivity in K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector. Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS FOR IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah
state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector.
Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their
internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural
information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting
effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
The role of private extension agencies in agricultural development of kaduna ...Alexander Decker
This study examined the role of the Leventis Foundation Agricultural Training School (LFATS) in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study found that participants of LFATS were generally younger, more educated, and had less farming experience than non-participants. Participants reported receiving adequate training from LFATS in livestock production, crop production, and farm product processing. Statistical analysis revealed the crop yields of participants were significantly higher than those of non-participants, indicating the training from LFATS helped improve agricultural productivity. The study concluded LFATS plays an important role in agricultural advancement and youth empowerment in Kaduna State. It was recommended that other organizations collaborate with LFATS to improve access to agricultural inputs for participants.
Assessment of the role of mass media in the dissemination of agricultural tec...Alexander Decker
1. The study assessed the role of mass media in disseminating agricultural technologies to farmers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Nigeria.
2. The study found that radio was the most accessible mass medium and the major source of agricultural information for farmers in the area.
3. The results showed that mass media was effective in disseminating new agricultural technologies, with radio and television being the most effective platforms.
Use of Information Communication Technologies Among Female Block Extension Ag...IOSRJAVS
Block Extension Agents are the extension workers who are specifically females and who carry out Gender sensitive issues for female farmers in Nigeria. They have the objective of seeing to the extension needs of the female farmers. The study assessed the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) among Block Extension Agents (BEAs) in South-East Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of the sample for the study. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The mean age of the respondents was 40 years. All the BEAs sampled had formal education where more than half of them (51.04%) had first degree (B.Sc/B.Agric). The mean working experience of the respondents was 10 years. The mean income level of the respondents was N 33,875 per month. The extension agents claimed that twenty-five ICT facilities were available to them in varying degree. The attitude of the respondents towards the use of ICT facilities was positive (mean score=3.11). The extent of use of ICTs by the BEAs was low (mean score=1.45) which can be attributed to the low degree of availability of the ICTs than to their attitude towards the use of the ICT facilities. The BEAs identified thirteen (13) pressing problems that hindered their use of ICTs in varying degree and their major constraint (89.58%) as very limited access to the internet. It is recommended that the ADPs should provide such desirable working conditions that will encourage the BEAs to put in more years of their productive service to the ADPs; Workshops, conferences and seminars should be organized to train the BEAs in the use of ICTs which will improve efficiency in their work. ICT facilities should be made available to BEAs to enhance their productivity.
Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Modelinventionjournals
Information is crucial for agriculture and rural development. ICT based services in agriculture is gaining importance day by day. Paper proposes to study the nature of agricultural information its uniqueness and problems of handling and organization. Agri informatics and use of different web portals for agriculture also discussed. Paper also highlighted the ICAR and IARIs contribution towards development of NARS (National Agricultural Research System) and models showing Information flow and strategic plan for organization of agricultural information. Some recommendations for proper organization and dissemination of agricultural information have been made to reach grass root level with desired agricultural information.
This document provides a stakeholder and landscape analysis of integrated community care management in Nigeria, conducted for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It summarizes key partners and child health activities in Nigeria. Over 30 interviews were conducted with principal partners and NGOs working in child health. The analysis finds that pneumonia and diarrhea remain the top killers of children in Nigeria. Despite economic growth, health outcomes have not improved significantly, with under-five mortality still high. The document outlines Nigeria's government health structure and key child health policies and initiatives.
Researched sustainable energy alternatives and biofuel technology development, resulting in recommendations and presentations to project managers Ambassador (Ret.) Reno L. Harnish III, and Mr. Doug Faulkner of Leatherstock, LLC.
Conducted industry and governmental resource analysis to promote partnerships and funding supporting sustainable energy development between the government and the private sector.
Analyzed the effects of job growth, increased occupational skill, and economies of scale to build a model to raise the standard of living in Uganda through biofuels initiatives.
This document summarizes a study on the extension service needs of catfish farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study found that most catfish farmers were male, between 30-50 years old, and had primary education. Radio, friends/relatives, and extension agents were the most important information sources. The top extension service needs were marketing, stocking times, and credit access. The major challenges were poor weather, lack of credit, and high feed costs. The study recommends improved extension services, economic groups, credit access, and dissemination of best practices to enhance catfish production.
Similar to Journalists’ attitudes towards the coverage of agricultural and rural development news in ogun state. (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
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Journalists’ attitudes towards the coverage of agricultural and rural development news in ogun state.
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
94
Journalists’ Attitudes towards the Coverage of Agricultural and
Rural Development News in Ogun State.
1
Oyekunle.O, .2
Abdulsalam-Saghir, P and 3
Bolarinwa K.K.
1
Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta
Nigeria
2
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta
Nigeria
3
Department of Agricultural Administration, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria
Email of corresponding author: bkolade17@gmail.com
Abstract
The study examined the journalists’ attitudes towards the coverage of Agricultural and Rural Development News
in Ogun State. Multistage technique was used to select 40 journalists from Print and Electronic media
organizations in Ogun State. Primary data were collected with structured questionnaire. Chi-square and
Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data collected. Result showed that most (57.5%) of the journalists
were male and 72.5% married. Their mean age was 30.6years. About 70.0% were with a minimum of a Higher
National Diploma (HND) qualification. Majority (55.0%) were Christians while 45.0% were Muslims. Most
(85.0%) of the journalists live in urban areas while few (15.0%) live in semi-urban areas. Result showed that
85.0% of the journalists were operating on a permanent basis while 15.0% were on part time/freelance
appointments. Half (50.0%) of the journalists had 6-10 years work experience. Result further showed that 40.0%
of the journalists were constrained by organizational problems,75.0% by lack of transportation to rural areas for
news coverage, 92.5% by bad roads to rural areas, 55.0% by inadequate equipment and 90.0% were constrained
by lack of interest in agricultural news by most of the members of the audience. Chi square analysis showed a
significant association between age (χ2=82.15, p<0.05), work experience (χ2=80.21, p<0.05) and the perception
of journalists toward the coverage of agricultural and rural development news. Result further showed an inverse
relationship between the constraints experienced by the journalists and their reportage of agricultural and rural
development news (r =-0.24, p=0.00). It was concluded that most of the journalists were not favorably disposed
to the coverage of agricultural and rural development news owing to the identified constraints and challenges.
Keywords: Journalist, Attitude, Agricultural News, Rural development
1. Introduction
Agriculture is a very important sector in Nigeria’s economy. In spite of the presence of petroleum, Nigeria is
undoubtedly an agricultural economy having tremendous potentials and resources for providing food and
agricultural raw materials for export and domestic industries. The country’s total land area is about 98million
hectares. Besides, she is endowed with a favorable climate suitable for the production of wide variety of crops
and other agricultural products.
However, with the very high population growth in the country (about 3.5% per annum) coupled with
the crude agricultural production methods employed, there is the fear that the resultant low productivity cannot
match the food demanded for the nation. This situation may worsen in the nearest future if drastic measures are
not taken immediately to arrest the imminent food crisis or insecurity. For Nigeria to overcome this critical
condition, she could have to adopt agricultural production techniques that will relate effectively with researcher
and ultimate users of research findings. Much of the valuable research carried out by National Agricultural
Research systems does not reach people who could use them ( CTA, 1991). As a result, it holds that the problem
with Nigeria’s agricultural and rural development has been her inability to establish an effective agricultural
information delivery system; one of which is timely and systematic transmission of useful and relevant
agricultural information from the research station via various communication media to the intended audience and
the most serious constraints to agricultural development in Nigeria and in Africa as it were, is the limited access
to agricultural information (Adekanye 1995).
Much of the food consumed in Nigeria is still being produced largely by small scale farmers who
cultivate about 1-2 hectare of land. Majority of these small scale farmers are illiterate with very low access to
media especially television and prints considering their differences in literacy, economic capability, social status
and accessibility to research and information which made it difficult for some of the government oriented
programmes to have impact on the farmers in terms of which programmes are more popular with the farmers and
why.
It is of note that agricultural and rural development news and programmes have gradually disappeared
from our electronic media and all forms of print media. What exactly could be the reason for this negative trend?
2. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
95
What are the challenges facing journalists who intend airing this news, and in what way can they be encouraged
to air these news and programmes? Various successive governments in Nigeria had come with various
agricultural programmes with different objectives but with the common goal of making food more abundant.
Such agricultural programmes included the Operation feed the Nation (OFN) in 1976 in River Basin and Rural
Development Authority (NALDA), the Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) and the National
Agricultural Land Development Agency (NALDA).
In view of this, Matanmi (1991) advocated that the main problem facing the developing world today,
particularly Nigeria, is not the lack of efficient technologies and scientific discoveries needed for economic
growth and rural change but that of their effective utilization for the social and economic transformation of the
country. This, he contended would depend to a great extent, on the speed with which the technology is
transferred from the source (Agricultural Universities and Research Institutes) to the ultimate users so that they
clearly understand, accept and apply it in their day-to-day agricultural practices. This in effect demands a
suitable and effective communication system. A missing aspect to their developmental programmes is the ability
to communicate effectively to the farmers as the channels used for passing a new idea to receiver is important in
his decision to adopt or reject it. The effectiveness of extension services hinges on effective communication
through the right channels to the target audience. It is known that farmers need information on agricultural
production. Such information help the farmers to participate more in agricultural production activities (Oyekunle
2011) the basic kinds of information needed by these farmers are hitherto well defined.
Communication can only be effective if the media chosen to communicate do so with more clarity and
precision ( Olowu, 1999). Media are means of transmission of information from a source to a receiver. A
medium can be verbal, visual or the combination of the two. They are important in carrying the new research
results to farmers for application on the farms. The attainment of desirable socio economic status depends to
some extent on the communication system adopted as it is the communication system that makes news, facts
figures, and opinions available to the public. With the potentials of newspapers, radio and television as media of
agricultural information, Nigerian journalists have often been accused of poor reportage of agricultural and rural
development news. What then is responsible for this low spate of reportage? Are there individual, institutional or
societal factors that have negated the potentials of newspapers, radio and television for agricultural and rural
development in Nigeria?
It is against this background that this study provided answers to the following research questions: is
there any need for agricultural and rural development news, to what extent do journalists report agricultural and
rural development news, what are the constraints associated with the coverage and reportage of agricultural and
rural development news, and how can journalists be encouraged to give more attention to agricultural and rural
development news? The general objective of the study was to determine the perception of journalists towards
the coverage and reportage of agricultural and rural development news while the specific objectives were to:
determine the need for agricultural and rural development news, determine the extent to which journalists cover
and report agricultural and rural development news, identify the constraints associated with the coverage and
reportage of agricultural and rural development news and to determine how journalists can be encouraged to
give more attention to the coverage and reportage of agricultural and rural development news. The following
hypotheses stated in the null form were tested: There is no significant relationship between the socio economic
characteristics of the journalists and their perception of the coverage of agricultural and rural development news.
There is no significant relationship between the constraints experienced by the journalists and the coverage of
agricultural and rural development news.
2. Research methodology
The study was carried out in Ogun State, which is located in the southwestern Nigeria. It has a tropical climate
with rainforest vegetation on its southern part and a derived savannah on its northern end. Ogun State has twenty
(20) Local Government Areas (LGAs). It is bounded in the West by the Republic of Benin, in the South by
Lagos State and Atlantic Ocean, in the East by Ondo State and in the North by Oyo and Osun States. The
population of the study comprised of journalists cutting across radio and television as well as various newspaper
organizations in the state. All the radio and Television stations and Newspaper organizations that have daily
editions and published in English language were used for this study. The reporters were contacted on individual
basis for questionnaire administration. Because of the limited number of these categories of staff; all accessible
reporters in these media organizations constituted the sample size. The reporters were drawn from rock city FM,
Ogun State Television, Ogun State Broadcasting Corporation, Paramount FM, NTA Channel 12, This Day,
Nigerian Compass, Tribune, Vanguard, The Westerner, Punch, The Sun, The Nation, Daily Independent and
Guardian Newspapers. A total of 40 journalists were used as respondents for the study.
Data for the study were collected from the journalists through the use of questionnaires. The instrument
was subjected to face and content validity through critical review by experts in agricultural communication. The
3. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
96
research instruments were administered to 20 randomly selected journalists who were not included in the actual
study population. Scores were assigned to the responses of the selected journalists. Total scores for each period
were computed and Pearson Product Momment Correlation (PPMC) was used to determine the correlation
between the two set of scores. The 'r' value obtained was 0.87 on the average indicating a high degree of
consistency and reliability.
Variables such as sex, marital status, religion nature of appointment and education were measured at
nominal level while age and work experience were measured at interval level. A five point Likert rating scale of
Strongly Agree (5), Agree (4), Undecided (3), Disagree (2) and Strongly Disagree (1) was used to determine the
attitude and perception of journalists towards the coverage of agriculture and rural development news..
Constraint associated with the coverage of agricultural news were harvested from the journalists and ranked to
determine the severity of each of them. Descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequency counts were
used to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the journalists while inferential statistics such as the chi-
square and the Spearman Rank Correlation were used to test the significance of association between relevant
variables in the study.
3.0 Results and Discussion
3.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Journalists
Data in Table 1 showed that majority of journalist are within the active age of 31-40 years with an average
of 30.6years. A few of those below 30years of age were involved. This indicates that journalist is a profession
for the active and vibrant individuals that are mobile enough to nose for agricultural news. Majority (57.5%) of
journalists were males while 42.5% were females. This indicates that men are more involved in journalism
probably due to the physical and mental task involved in nosing for agricultural news. Most (82.5%) of the
respondents were married while 72.5% were single. This indicates that the majorities of those involved in
journalism are responsible and have family to take care of.
Majority (97.5%) of the respondents were well educated having a minimum of an HND. More than half
(55.5%) were Christians while 45.5% were muslims. Majority (75.0% of the journalists were reporters, 15.0%
deals with editorials while 10.0% were columnists. Majority of the respondents (85%) live in urban areas
compared to the few (15.0%) that live or reside in semi-urban areas. Most (85.0% of the respondents were
employed on a permanent basis while 15.0% were on Part time/Freelance appointments. This indicates that the
journalist will be committed to duty as majority of them tend to earn a living from it. Half of the journalists’
(50%) have been in the profession for less than 5years with 32.5% having practiced journalism for 6-10years,
and 12.5% have practiced for 11-15years. Over half (62.5%) of the journalists had worked in media
organizations prior to their current place of work. Thirty seven point five percent (37.5%) were new comers in
the journalism profession.
3.2 Journalists’ attitude to the Coverage of Agricultural and Rural Development News
Data in Table 2 shows that majority (60.0%) of journalists agreed that Agricultural news are difficult to
gather while 15.0% disagreed. Most (62.5%) of the journalists believed that they have little or no interest in
Agricultural news while few (32.50% were of the opinion that many people listen to, and read agricultural news.
Eighty five percent (85.0%) of the journalists believed that agricultural news is very important. Majority (87.5%)
of them opined that it is not necessary for reporters to leave or reside in rural areas before they can successfully
cover agricultural news. Over 70% of the journalists agreed that reporting scientific issues is difficult especially
in the area of use of terminologies. Most (72.5%) of the respondents did not subscribe to the establishment of
agricultural newspapers, while over 70% of them opposed to having specialized agricultural reporters.
3.3 Constraints Associated with the Coverage of Agricultural and Rural Development News
Data in table 3 shows that 75% of the journalists indicated that inadequate transportation has been a
major challenge towards coverage of agricultural news. Majority (87.5%) of them believed that the distance to
rural areas was a major limiting factor hindering reportage of agricultural news. Over half (57.5%) of the
journalists agreed that one major factor hindering the coverage of Agricultural news is their inability to
recognize the needs of the rural people. On the other hand, 42.5% disagreed with that statement. Over half (60%)
of the journalists did not agree that organizational problems hinder the coverage of Agricultural news. More than
half (55%) of the journalists agreed inadequate equipment for coverage is key to poor coverage of agricultural
news. Most (90%) of them agreed that lack of interest in agricultural news on their part and that of the general
public contributes largely to the poor coverage of agricultural and rural development news. Majority (92.5%) of
the journalists agreed that bad road networks to rural areas constitute a major challenge for reporters who wish to
cover agricultural news while over 90% of them saw their lack of knowledge of sciences as a constraint to
effective reportage of agricultural news.
3.4 Regularity of reportage of Agricultural and rural development issues
Data in table 4 shows that 57.5% of media organizations seldom cover agricultural and rural
4. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
97
development news. Few (20.0%) of the organizations covered agricultural and rural development news regularly
while 22.5% did not cover at all.
3.5 Hypotheses Testing
There is no significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the journalists and their
attitudes towards the coverage of agricultural and rural development news. The socio-economic characteristic of
the journalists that were considered are: age, sex, religion, marital status, education level, professional status,
home background, nature of appointment and years spent in the profession. Result showed that there is
significant relationship between age, work experience of the journalists and their perception of the coverage of
agricultural news. In other words, age and work experience determine how the journalist perceive the reportage
of agricultural and rural development news.
3.6 Hypothesis two
There is no significant relationship between the constraints experienced by the journalists and their coverage of
agricultural and rural development news. Data in Table 6 shows a correlation coefficient of r = -0.22 and P =
0.00. This implies that the constraints experienced by the respondents are inversely related to their coverage of
agricultural and rural development news. The inverse correlation shows that the constraints impacted negatively
on journalists. The more the severity of the constraints the less the coverage of agricultural and rural
development news and vice-versa.
4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
The study assessed the attitudes and perception of journalist in Ogun State towards the coverage of
agricultural and rural development news. It was found that Nigerian journalists realize the important role they
have to play in rural development. Despite this realization, they were unfavorably disposed to the coverage of
agricultural and rural development news neither do they favor having agricultural newspapers and specialized
agricultural reporters. There is relative inconsistency in the coverage of agricultural and rural development news
by the journalists. The constraints they experienced are a major setback to the coverage of agricultural
news.These findings make it imperative for rural development efforts to tactically include agricultural
development communicators who will foster the aims and objectives of those projects as they are likely to be
ignored by the main stream Nigerian press. In a similar manner, training of development communicator should
receive appropriate attention in the University.
Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made:
1. Media organizations should embrace agricultural and rural development news their daily news bulletins.
2. Training of development communicator should receive appropriate attention in higher institutions of
learning.
3. The roads linking the rural areas to the urban areas should be made motorable to ensure that these
journalists who reside in semi-urban areas are able to nose for news in rural areas.
4. Journalists should be encouraged to be more interested in the coverage of agricultural and rural
development news through incentives and the provision of necessary equipment and facilities.
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Folarin, B. (1991). “Towards a (normative) theory of the Nigerian press”, Proceedings of the Short Course on
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Matanmi, B.M. (1991). How Agricultural Extension can benefit Rural Women involved in Agriculture in
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Ogun State Printing Corporation, pp.52-73.
Olowu, T.A. (1999). “Reportage of Agricultural news in Nigerian newspapers” Journalism Quarterly, Volume
6(1), pp195-200.
Oyekunle, O. (2011) Media factors associated with farmers’ participation in the second National Fadama
Development Project activities in southwest, Nigeria. A Ph.D thesis in the Department of Agricultural
Extension and Rural Development. Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Pp120-124.
Salawu, S. (1983). “The Nigerian press and the neglect of the rural majority”. A paper presented at the Inaugural
Conference of the Nigerian Mass Communication Association, Lagos.
5. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
98
Udofia, C. (1987). Content and Situational Development. Relevance of Agricultural News in the Ghanaian
Newspapers.
Table 1: Socio-economic Characteristics of the respondents
Variable Frequency Percentage Mean
Sex Male
Female
23
17
57.5
42.5
Age 21-30
31-40
40-50
Above 50
14
20
5
1
35.0
50.0
12.5
2.5
30.6
Marital status
Single
Married
7
29
17.5
82.5
Educational level
ND
HND
First Degree
Masters
Others
12
4
17
6
1
30.0
10.0
42.5
15.0
2.5
Religion Christianity
Islam
Traditional
Others
22
18
0
1
55.0
45.0
0.0
2.5
Professional status
Editorial
Columnist
Reportorial
6
4
30
15.0
10.0
75.0
Home Background
Semi-urban
Urban
3
37
7.5
92.5
Nature of Appointment
Permanent
Part time/Freelance
34
6
85.0
15.0
Work Experience
Less than 5yrs
6-10yrs
11-15yrs
16 and above
13
20
5
2
32.5
50.0
12.5
5.0
6.6
Worked in media
Yes
No
25
15
62.5
37.5
Source: Field Survey, 2011.
6. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
99
Table 2: Journalists’ attitudes to the coverage of agricultural and rural development news
Attitude
Statements
Strongly
Agree
Agree Undecided Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Agricultural New is
difficult to gather 10(25.0) 18(45.0) 6(15.0%) 2(5.0) 4(10.0)
Easy to gather Agric
news 6(15.0) 5(12.5) 7(17.5) 10(25.0) 12(30.0)
Lack of interest by the
audience 8(20.0) 17(42.5) 2(5.0) 8(20.0) 5(12.5)
Many listen to and read
agricultural news
0(0.0) 13(32.5) 4(10) 10(25.0) 13(32.5)
Agricultural news is not
important 2(5.0) 4(10.0) 2(5.0) 5(12.5) 26(65.5)
Agricultural news is very
important
14(35.0) 20(50.0) 3(7.5) 0(0.0) 3(7.5)
Agricultural news
reporter should live in
rural areas
0(0.0) 5(12.5) 2(5.0) 14(35.0) 19(47.5)
Reporting scientific
issues is difficult because
of terminologies
Having specialized agric
reporters
15(37.5)
3(7.5)
14(35.0)
1(2.5)
2(5.0)
6(15.0)
4(10.0)
12(30.0)
5(12.5)
18(45.0)
Source: Field survey, 2011. *Figures in Parentheses are Percentages
Table 4. Frequency of Organization reportage of Agricultural and Rural Development Issues
Frequency Percentage
Regularly
Seldom
Never
8
23
9
20.0
57.5
22.5
Total 40 100.0
Table 5: Chi-square result of the relationship between the Socio-economic characteristics of the journalist
and their attitudes towards the coverage of Agricultural and Rural Development News
Variable X2
DF P value Decision
Age 82.15 60 0.03 Significant
Sex 18.85 20 0.53 Not significant
Marital status 69.62 60 0.18 Not significant
Educational level 68.45 60 0.21 Not significant
Religion 37.83 60 0.98 Not significant
Professional status 51.59 40 0.10 Not Significant
Family background 22.63 20 0.30 Not Significant
Nature of appointment 36.76 40 0.61 Not significant
Work experience 80.21 60 0.04 Significant
Source: Field survey May, 2011.
Table 6:Relationship between the constraints experienced by journalists and their coverage of
agricultural and rural development news.
Variable rho P Decision
Journalist’ constraints -0.22 0.00 S
Source: Field Survey 2011
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