Agarikon.1 and Agarikon Plus Affect Cell Cycle and Induce Apoptosis in Human ...Neven Jakopovic
An investigation into the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic mechanisms of medicinal mushroom extract blends (Myko San company) on human lung and colon carcinoma cell lines. This is a continuation of a study conducted in 2013 (Durgo, Jakopovich)
It was established that these products possess antiproliferative, mainly cytostatic activity; induce cell cycle preturbations by delaying the progress through the G1 and S phase pointing to disturbances before or during DNA replication; exhibit mild early and late apoptosis; and cause non-specific cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.
The results were presented by Boris Jakopovich, at the 7th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference in Beijing, China, in 2013.
Agarikon.1 and Agarikon Plus Affect Cell Cycle and Induce Apoptosis in Human ...Neven Jakopovic
An investigation into the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic mechanisms of medicinal mushroom extract blends (Myko San company) on human lung and colon carcinoma cell lines. This is a continuation of a study conducted in 2013 (Durgo, Jakopovich)
It was established that these products possess antiproliferative, mainly cytostatic activity; induce cell cycle preturbations by delaying the progress through the G1 and S phase pointing to disturbances before or during DNA replication; exhibit mild early and late apoptosis; and cause non-specific cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.
The results were presented by Boris Jakopovich, at the 7th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference in Beijing, China, in 2013.
Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection on the Endocrine
Pancreas of the Experimentally Induced Diabetes in Male Albino Rats: A
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
I received a PhD in April of 2007 from the Schultz Lab at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA. Here is a PowerPoint presentation of my primary work - a use of functional genomics tools to probe cellular disease problems, notably in cancer models.
Participation of the oviductal s100 calcium binding protein G in the genomic effect of estradiol that accelerates oviductal embryo transport in mated rats
Mariana Ríos1, Alexis Parada-Bustamante1, Luis A Velásquez2,3, Horacio B Croxatto2,3,4 and Pedro A Orihuela2,3*
By Luis Alberto Velasquez Cumplido
Sequence Characterization of Coding Regions of the Myostatin Gene (GDF8) from...Wani Ahad
The Bakerwal breed of goat in Kashmir valley is a good meat purpose breed of goat. That attains
an appreciable body weight under a low input production system. As these goats are mainly
reared by Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of the J & K state, so they usually are fed with the weeds,
herbs, shrubs and grasses of pastures that will otherwise go waste. These goats constitute the
main livestock wealth. With the good productive and reproductive potential, it makes these animals
an important animal protein source for developing countries like India. The myostatin gene
(GDF8) is important in the physiology of stock animals because its product produces a direct effect
on muscle development and consequently also on meat production. The myostatin sequence is
known in several mammalian species and shows a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation,
although several alterations in the intron and exon regions have been identified. The objective
of our work is to characterize the myostatin coding regions using gene sequencing and polymerase
chain reaction methods of Capra hircus (Bakerwal breed) and to compare them with the
Ovis aries and other livestock species of animal, looking for variations in nucleotide and protein
sequences. As mutations in the myostatin gene can inactivate its expression and result in a
non-functional protein, which leads to increase in muscle growth in many species. In this way, we are able to identify 3 alterations on the presumed myostatin protein sequence as compared to non
double-muscled ovine sequences.
Background: Body of literature are becoming pronounced that pathological condition in one organ of the body might have an effect on other distal organs owing to the fact, that the entire body metabolism is orchestrated centrally.
Pathological events occurring in an organ are likely to be extended to other organs. Pretreatment that minimize these events are presumed to be beneficial to the extended organs.
Methods: Following 30 min of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion in the kidney, rats under anesthesia were sacrificed and blood sample collected through cardiac puncture. Serum level of troponin I, and activities of total creatine kinase (CK), mass creatine kinase (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma –glutamyl transferase (GGT) were estimated spectrophotometrically.
Results: Serum troponin I increased to 0.031 ± 0.001 ng/ml in the ischemic group, and following pretreatment with Lmm (600mg/kg), serum level of troponin I decreased significantly to 0.021 ± 0.001 ng/ml (P<.05).><.05),><.05)><.05).
Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection on the Endocrine
Pancreas of the Experimentally Induced Diabetes in Male Albino Rats: A
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
I received a PhD in April of 2007 from the Schultz Lab at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA. Here is a PowerPoint presentation of my primary work - a use of functional genomics tools to probe cellular disease problems, notably in cancer models.
Participation of the oviductal s100 calcium binding protein G in the genomic effect of estradiol that accelerates oviductal embryo transport in mated rats
Mariana Ríos1, Alexis Parada-Bustamante1, Luis A Velásquez2,3, Horacio B Croxatto2,3,4 and Pedro A Orihuela2,3*
By Luis Alberto Velasquez Cumplido
Sequence Characterization of Coding Regions of the Myostatin Gene (GDF8) from...Wani Ahad
The Bakerwal breed of goat in Kashmir valley is a good meat purpose breed of goat. That attains
an appreciable body weight under a low input production system. As these goats are mainly
reared by Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of the J & K state, so they usually are fed with the weeds,
herbs, shrubs and grasses of pastures that will otherwise go waste. These goats constitute the
main livestock wealth. With the good productive and reproductive potential, it makes these animals
an important animal protein source for developing countries like India. The myostatin gene
(GDF8) is important in the physiology of stock animals because its product produces a direct effect
on muscle development and consequently also on meat production. The myostatin sequence is
known in several mammalian species and shows a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation,
although several alterations in the intron and exon regions have been identified. The objective
of our work is to characterize the myostatin coding regions using gene sequencing and polymerase
chain reaction methods of Capra hircus (Bakerwal breed) and to compare them with the
Ovis aries and other livestock species of animal, looking for variations in nucleotide and protein
sequences. As mutations in the myostatin gene can inactivate its expression and result in a
non-functional protein, which leads to increase in muscle growth in many species. In this way, we are able to identify 3 alterations on the presumed myostatin protein sequence as compared to non
double-muscled ovine sequences.
Background: Body of literature are becoming pronounced that pathological condition in one organ of the body might have an effect on other distal organs owing to the fact, that the entire body metabolism is orchestrated centrally.
Pathological events occurring in an organ are likely to be extended to other organs. Pretreatment that minimize these events are presumed to be beneficial to the extended organs.
Methods: Following 30 min of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion in the kidney, rats under anesthesia were sacrificed and blood sample collected through cardiac puncture. Serum level of troponin I, and activities of total creatine kinase (CK), mass creatine kinase (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma –glutamyl transferase (GGT) were estimated spectrophotometrically.
Results: Serum troponin I increased to 0.031 ± 0.001 ng/ml in the ischemic group, and following pretreatment with Lmm (600mg/kg), serum level of troponin I decreased significantly to 0.021 ± 0.001 ng/ml (P<.05).><.05),><.05)><.05).
<PARATHYROID HORMONES (The Calcium Regulating Gland)> first recognized in 1850 by Richard Owen.
<INTRODUCTION>Parathyroid glands are small glands of the endocrine system which are located in the neck behind the thyroid.><Called parathyroid due to proximity to the thyroid gland.><Yellowish brown, small ovoid bodies about 6 mm long, 3mm wide and 2mm thick.><Human being have 4 tiny parathyroid glands.><Each weighting around 30-50mg, but may weight as much as 70 mg, and in diameter is 3-4 or till 8 millimeters>
<Each parathyroid gland is made up of chief cells and oxyphil cells.><Chief cells more numerous, smaller, with a slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm.><secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH). Also known as parathormone or parathyrin.>
<PARATHORMONE>Protein in nature (84 amino acids)><Molecular weight= 9,500.>< Half- life = 10 minutes><Normal plasma level of PTH = 1.5 to 5.5 ng/dL>
<SYNTHESIS OF AND SECRETION OF PARATHORMONE>PTH is encoded by a gene in chromosome 11><After translation, it become pre-pro-parathyroid hormone (pre-pro-PTH) contains 115 amino acids><In endoplasmic reticulum 29 amino acids removed, so it called pro-parathyroid hormone (pro-PTH) contains 89 amino acids><In the Golgi, removed more amino acids by peptidase to become mature hormone (PTH).><It is stored in secretory vesicles within the cells, and released when required>
<METABOLISM OF PTH>Half-life= 4 minute><60- 70 % of PTH is degraded by kupffer cells of liver, by means of proteolysis><Degradation of about 20-30% PTH occurs in kidneys and to a lesser extent in other organs>
<Half life – 4 min. How does PTH produce its effect on biological system?>
<REGULATION OF PARATHORMONE SECRETION>Regulators of secretion of PTH include calcium, vit D and phosphorus.>
<MECHANISM OF SECRETION OF PARATHORMONE> <CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTORS (CaSR)><CaSR is a plasma membrane or a cell surface receptor, structured as G protein-coupled that is expressed in the parathyroid hormone-producing chief cells of the parathyroid gland and the cells lining the kidney tubule. (Hendy & et al., 2000)><PTH RECEPTORS>PTHR1 is physiologically more important than others two.><PTHR = 60-80 kDa membrane glycoprotein.>
<ACTION OF PTH>Important role in maintaining blood calcium level.>< Also controls blood phosphate level>
<DISORDERS OF PARATHORMONE.><increased pth secretion leads to an increase in serum levels by increasing bone resorption and enhancing renal calcium reabsorption. >
<3 TYPES>Primary hyperparathyroidism, Secondary hyperparathyroidism, Tertiary hyperparathyroidism.><The most common cause of hypercalcaemia is primary hyperparathyroidism>
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of three key hormones modulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis; the other two are calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).
The aim of the study was to investigate the damage created in tissue by using an in vivo isolated portal ischemia and reperfusion model in the rat liver and the effects of heparin administration on the complement system. A total of 25 male rats weighing 150-290 gr were used in the study. Following anesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride, the incision area was shaved in all rats except the control group. The portal vein was isolated and clamped, and ischemia and reperfusion created. Two groups were sacrificed at the 24th hour and two at the 48th hour. Heparin was administered to one of the groups sacrificed at the 24th hour and not to the other group, and similarly one of the groups sacrificed at the 48th hour received heparin while the other did not. Biochemical and pathologic parameters were used to evaluate the damage using serum and liver tissue samples from the sacrificed rats. We used the liver GSH, MPO and C3 levels and the serum IL-6 level to evaluate the ischemia and reperfusion damage in the liver tissue. Heparin was shown to decrease the damage occurring after ischemia and reperfusion by decreasing complement activation and the MPO and IL-6 levels while increasing GSH levels as a result of the statistical analysis performed. Heparin was shown to prevent tissue damage after ischemia and reperfusion by decreasing complement activation and inflammation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Journal Club: FGF23 Fails to Inhibit Uremic Parathyroid Glands
1. FGF23 Fails to Inhibit
Uremic Parathyroid
Glands
Hitesh Patni, MD
Hofstra North Shore LIJ
2. Four molecular targets regulating parathyroid
functions have been identified:
◦ G protein coupled calcium sensing receptor
◦ Vitamin D receptor
◦ Extracellular phosphate sensor
◦ FGF 23 : FGFR-Klotho complex
3. Calcium acting through the CaSR is the major
regulator
◦ PTH transcription
◦ PTH secretion
◦ Parathyroid gland hyperplasia
4.
5. Calcitriol acts on VDR in the parathyroid gland
◦ Suppress PTH transcription
◦ However physiologic role may be subordinate of
Calcium.
◦ VDR deficient mice: secondary hyperparathyroidism and
bone abnormalities can be corrected by normalizing
serum calcium concentration
6. Direct effects on parathyroid hormone production
◦ Regulates PTH mRNA levels
◦ Possibly by increasing post transcriptional PTH mRNA
message stability
Indirectly by lowering serum calcium by chelation
By suppressing 1-alpha hydroxylase
7. Recently been shown to target parathyroid gland
function via FGFR-Klotho complex and suppress
PTH production
8. Parabiosis suggests a humoral factor is involved in X-
linked hypophosphatemia in mice.
Meyer RA Jr, Meyer MH, Gray RW. J Bone Miner Res. 1989
Aug;4(4):493-500.
Department of Basic Sciences, Marquette University School of
Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233.
9. X Linked Hypophosphatemia is the most common cause
of human vitamin D-resistant rickets.
It is characterized by
◦ low renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate,
◦ low plasma phosphate,
◦ absence of elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
◦ osteomalacic bone
The Hyp mutation in mice produces the same
abnormalities
They have been used as a model.
10. Pilot experiment to test immunologic compatibility
Skin transplantation was performed between normal and
Hyp mice.
In each mouse two circular patches of skin were
removed from the lateral abdomen, and was exchanged
with another mouse, and the other was reattached to the
same mouse.
11.
12. At 4 weeks of age.
A lateral incision was made through the skin from the
pelvic to the pectoral girdle. A transverse incision was
made through the abdominal muscles parallel to the
edge of the ribs. The margins of the muscles of the two
mice were joined with silk suture (5-0) to create a tunnel
connecting the peritoneal cavities. Finally, the margins of
the skin of the two mice were joined.
13. The normal mice joined to Hyp mice showed a
progressive diminution of plasma phosphate over the
next 3 weeks to approach the level of the Hyp mice.
These normal mice had a greater renal phosphate
excretion index than normal-normal pairs
This change is specific since the urinary losses of
potassium and magnesium were not significantly
changed.
Separation of normal-Hyp pairs 3 or 6 weeks after
parabiosis caused the normal mice to achieve normal
plasma phosphate levels within 24 h.
14. Presence of a phosphaturic factor in the Hyp mice
that can cross a parabiotic union into normal mice
and induce many of the symptoms of X-linked
hypophosphatemia.
15. The renal phosphate transport defect in normal mice
parabiosed to X-linked hypophosphatemic mice persists
after parathyroidectomy.
Meyer RA Jr et al, Bone Miner Res. 1989 Aug;4(4):523-32.
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette
University, Milwaukee, WI 53233.
16. Hyp mouse phenotype is neither corrected nor
transferred by renal transplantation.
The phosphate transport defect in Hyp mice, and likely
X-linked hypophosphatemia, is the result of a humoral
factor, and is not an intrinsic renal abnormality.
Nesbitt t et al, J Clin Invest. 1992 May;89(5):1453-9. Department of
Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
17. In tumor-induced osteomalacia, hypophosphatemia,
hyperphosphaturia, low plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
concentrations, and osteomalacia, all biochemical and pathological
abnormalities disappear when the tumor is removed.
The medium in which sclerosing hemangioma cells from a patient
with oncogenic osteomalacia were cultured, inhibited phosphate
transport, without increasing cellular concentrations of cAMP.
The medium had PTH - like immunoreactivity but no PTH-related
protein immunoreactivity, and its action was not blocked by a PTH
antagonist.
Qiang C et al, N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1645-1649 June 9, 1994
18. Abnormal regulation of sodium phosphate cotransport in the
proximal tubules
By positional cloning, they isolated a candidate gene from the HYP
region in Xp22.1.
This gene exhibits homology to a family of endopeptidase genes,
members of which are involved in the degradation or activation of a
variety of peptide hormones.
F Francis et al, Nature Genetics 11, 130 - 136 (1995)
doi:10.1038/ng1095-130
19. Identification of genes responsible for inherited disorders involving
disturbances in phosphate homeostasis may provide insight into the
pathways that regulate phosphate balance.
Positional cloning approach : identify the ADHR gene.
3 missense mutations in four unrelated families affecting two
arginines, supports the speculation that the ADHR phenotype is
caused by a gain-of-function mechanism.
The existence of a phosphaturic factor termed 'phosphatonin' was
hypothesized
ADHR Consortium. Nat Genet. 2000 Nov;26(3):345-8.
20. Overproduction of FGF23 causes TIO
Mutations in the FGF23 gene result in autosomal
dominant hypophosphatemic rickets possibly by
preventing proteolytic cleavage.
Takashi S et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May
22;98(11):6500-5
21. In cultured renal proximal epithelial cells,
opossum kidney cells.
FGF-23 activated the mitogen-activated protein
kinase pathway
The inhibitors of the MAPK pathway, PD98059
and SB203580, blocked the activity of FGF-23.
Yamashita t et al, J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 2;277(31):28265-70. Epub
2002 May 24.
22. Klotho, a senescence-related molecule,
generates the FGF23 receptor.
FGFR1(IIIc), was directly converted by Klotho
into the FGF23 receptor.
Itaru U et al, Nature 444, 770-774, 7 December 2006
23. FGF23 acts directly on the parathyroid through the
MAPK pathway to decrease serum PTH.
Ben-dov IZ et al, J Clin Invest. 2007 Dec;117(12):4003-8.
27. FGF23 Fails to Inhibit Uremic
Parathyroid Glands
The article, JASN 2010The article, JASN 2010
28. • Male Wistar rats (250 g) from University of Cordoba
(Spain).
• 12-hour/12-hour light/dark cycle
• Ad libitum access to food (Ca 0.6%, P 0.6%, 100
IU/100 g vitaminD).
• Anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg),and blood
was drained by aortic puncture; within 2 minutes,the
parathyroid glands were dissected under a
dissecting microscope.
• Normal bovine parathyroid tissue, in small pieces
(<1 mm3
) were used when measurementsrequired,
large amount of tissue protein.
29.
30. • Experimental diet contained normalCa (0.6%) and
high phosphate (1.2%).
• Sham rats fed a normal phosphorus diet (0.6%)
was used as acontrol.
• Serum ionized Ca levels : Ciba-Corning634 ISE
Ca2
/pH Analyzer
• Intact rat PTH levels : Elisa Kit
• Creatinine & phosphate : Spectrophotometry
• FGF23 levels : ELISA Kit
31. • 10 intact rat parathyroidglands or small (1 mm3
) pieces
of bovine parathyroid tissue : Incubated in buffer
solution inside a nylon basket in individual wells with
constantshaking at 37°C in a humid atmosphere.
• 1.25 mM CaCl2 / 1 mM phosphate (NaH2PO4:Na2HPO4,
1:2 ratio) concentrationsin the medium.
• After incubation period: glands were transferred to
various Ca concentrationswith specific experimental
treatments.
32. • The incubation mediumwas replaced hourly, and
the medium removed was stored for biochemical
determinations.
• In other experiments, parathyroid glandswere
maintained in culture for 6 or 24 hours in a Ca
concentrationof 0.8 or 1.5 mM with or without the
addition FGF23 or othercompounds.
33. Cell viability : Mechanically dispersed cells
Labelled with Green fluordiacetate (Live) and red
propidium iodine(Dead)
Assessed by flow cytometry
Only tissue sampleswith >90% viable cells were
used in the experiments.
34. • Intact rat parathyroid glands.
• At the end of the experiment(in vivo or in vitro),
isolated cells were obtained from theglands under the
inverted microscope using tips followed by gentle
pipetting in a 50-µl volume ofPBS
• Cells were processed immediately for flow cytometric
analysis.
• A total of 10,000 clean cellnuclei were acquired
• The percentage of cellsin the S phase was used as a
marker of cell proliferation.
35. Total RNA was extracted (acid guanidinium
thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform mixture)
RNA was dissolved in nuclease-freewater and
heated for 10 minutes at 60°C.
Quantified by spectrophotometry
PTH, VDR, CaR, FGFR1, and Klotho mRNA
levels were determined versus β-actin mRNA by
real-time RT–PCR.
40. Figure 1. FGF23 reduces PTH secretion in normal rat parathyroid glands
(B) Regulation of PTH, VDR, and CaR mRNA levels by FGF23 in vitro.
Intact rat parathyroid glands are incubated for 6 hours in Ca concentrations
of 0.8 and 1.5 mM with or without FGF23.
58. In normal rats, FGF23 reduces parathyroid cell
function and parathyroid cells proliferation
In hyperplastic parathyroid glands from rats with
renal failure, there is a reduction in receptors for
FGF23 and in Klotho
Leads to tissue resistance to the action of FGF23.