The JD-R Model developed by Arnold Bakker and Evangelia Demerouti in 2006 categorizes working conditions into two categories: job demands and job resources. Job demands refer to stressors like workload, ambiguity, and relationships, while job resources like autonomy, relationships, and development help achieve goals and reduce stress. The model states that high demands and low resources lead to stress and burnout, while resources can offset demands and encourage motivation. To apply the model, managers should identify demands, address them, identify resources, and promote resources to lessen stress and increase engagement.