2. Introduction
The purpose of this research presentation is to
understand the importance of motivation and
identify factors that are essential for effective
motivation. This prestnati includes
(1) the definition of motivation;
(2) theories of motivation;
(3) what makes people work and any they work;
(4) reasons to motivate employees and
managers;
(5) techniques to motivate managers;
(6) techniques to motivate employees;
(7) conclusion
3. Definition
Motivation is the force that initiates, guides and
maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes
us to take action, whether to grab a snack to reduce
hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The
forces that lie beneath motivation can be biological,
social, emotional or cognitive in nature.
In Business we described motivation as the level of
desire the employees feels to perform
There are 5 theories that atempt to describe
motivation. Those are instinct, incentive,arousal, drive
and humanistic theory.
4. Instinct Theory of Motivation
The Instinct Theory of Motivation views biological
or genetic programming as the cause of
motivation.
All humans have same motivation
Root of all motivations is dependable upon our
motivation to survive
Our behavior is a result of our motivation to
survive
Fails to describe more complex situations
5. Incentive Motivation Theory
According to this view, people are pulled toward
behaviors that offer positive incentives and
pushed away from behaviors associated with
negative incentives.
Try to get incentives
Avoid punishments
6. Arousal Theory
The arousal theory of motivation suggests that
people are driven to perform actions in order to
maintain an optimum level of physiological
arousal
Motivation depends on the level of arousal
Balancing arousal level is the key
Too much or too litle arousal leads to bad
performace
7. Drive Theory of Motivation
Humans have internal biological needs which
motivate us to perform a certain way.
Internal drives and arousal must be reduced
Aim is to achieve level of calmness
Examples can be hunder and thirst
9. WHY MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES
Companies look for a person who can fill the gap
between the willingness and ability in order to get
the best out of his work performance.
Motivation Results in:
Higher productivity
Increased revenue
Cost saving
Satisfied customers employees as well as the
owners of the business
10. UNDERSTANDING WHY PEOPLE
WORK
What do you think why people work?
Because they have to?
For the money?
How about these people:
Volunteers
Dollar-a-year executives
11. UNDERSTANDING WHY PEOPLE
WORK
The benefits people get from paid and unpaid
work have a strong correlation to their values.
Fulfilling their material needs
Satisfaction
Belongingness
Contribute to society
Personal achievement
Challenges
12. UNDERSTANDING WHY PEOPLE
WORK
Douglas McGregor, a founding faculty of Sloan
School of Management provides us with two
theories that explain human behavior.
Theory X
Thery Y
13. Theory X
Theory X (authoritarian management style)
assumes that
Humans dislilke work and try to avoid it
Therefore most people must be forced with the
threat of punishment to work towards
organisational objectives.
The average person prefers to be directed; to
avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and
wants security above all else.
14. Theory Y (participative style)
Effort in work is as natural as work and play.
People will apply self-control and self-direction in the
pursuit of organizational objectives, without external
control or the threat of punishment.
Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards
associated with their achievement.
People usually accept and often seek responsibility.
The capacity to use a high degree of imagination,
ingenuity and creativity in solving organizational
problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the
population.
In industry the intellectual potential of the average
person is only partly utilized.
15. MANAGERS AND MOTIVATION
Good manager is the most valuable thing for the
company
Good managers provide nice working atmoshere
where employees are more likely to suceed.
Bad manager will produce toxic working
environment from which the entire company will
suffer
16. Levels of Management
Top level managers – this group consists of
presidents, CEOs, presidents, board of directors,
etc.
Middle level managers – these managers are
accountable to top level manager and are
responsible for managing lower level employees.
Front line managers – these managers are
actively involved in operations, examples of
frontline management being a store manager,
manufacturing facility manager etc. (Hartzell)
17. Ways to Motivate Managers
Praise – Sometimes the best way to keep managers
motivated is by saying simple “thank you”. Some
praise can do a lot when motivating managers. This
appreciation will be returned when manager does his
job with more pride and better care.
Respect and appreciation – This is the least
expensive and least used method to motivate
managers. Most of the time small things make big
difference when dealing with managers. For some
managers money is not the issue but the respect and
appreciation from their leaders. Good managers don’t
like to be taken for granted and CEOs should know
that.
18. Ways to Motivate Managers
Education and Growth – Managers are always
looking to get better in what they do. They are
aware that if they do not stay in line with the
current trends their future opportunities can
become limited. Providing them with the
opportunities to grow and develop outside the
ordinary job is seen as a big plus both for the
manager and the company.
Consistent feedback – this can be a very effective
motivation technique when dealing with
managers. By listening, encouraging and giving
feedback, CEOs can make their managers feel
that they really care about them as a person, not
19. Ways to Motivate Managers
Incentives – giving bonuses and raises is one of
the oldest ways to motivate managers. Financial
invectives are not the only incentive that can be
given to managers; other incentives can include
things such as vacation packages and health
benefits. This is proven to be effective, and it
should definitely not be ignored by employers.
20. EMPLOYEES AND
MOTIVATION
The study done in 2011 surveyed 211 U.S. managers
on the issue of employee motivation and showed that:
Seventy-nine percent of managers agreed with the
statement that “motivating employees is one of the
most important functions of my role as a leader.”
Ninety-four percent of managers stated that work
force motivation was either important or critically
important to the success of their operation.
Eighty-two percent of managers agreed with the
statement that “leaders can have a significant impact
on an employee’s level of motivation and
engagement.”
21. Survey continiued...
Eighty-five percent of managers believed that an
employee’s level of motivation can have a
significant effect on an employee’s performance.
Sixty-seven percent of managers believed that it
is getting more difficult to motivate employees
effectively.
Lastly seventy-six percent of managers believed
that they must adjust their approach to motivating
each individual employee.
22. How to Motivate Employees
According to the book 1001 Ways to Reward
Employees Nelson spent years researching
companies and asking employees what turns
them on and off about their employers.
The vast majority of managers believe that
compensation is the key motivator for their
people.
However, employees rated it last in a list of 10
potential motivators in the workplace.
23. How to Motivate Employees
What Nelson found was that employees expect to
be compensated fairly for do doing an average
job, and merit raises are considered a right if they
do better.
Furthermore, employees measure job satisfaction
largely based on their relationship with their
immediate supervisor.
Simply put, people work for other people more
than they work for a company.
24. How to Motivate Employees
Treat employees as partners.
Keep people informed about performance and
management decisions.
Ask for their views before making decisions that
affect them.
Provide training and resources to do the job.
Build an atmosphere of trust and team work
instead of defensiveness and fear.
25. How to Motivate Employees
Avoid blame - mistakes are inevitable parts of the
learning process.
Encourage people to ask for help when difficulties
arise.
Keep communication open and honest.
Schedule regular appraisals for employees to
review progress, problems and plans.
Hold briefings to plan, establish goals, and
discuss special
issues.
26. CONCLUSION
There are five lessons that can be taken from this
research:
1. Motivation plays an important role in a company
when it comes to performance
2. Every employee is different and what works for one
might not for the other one
3.Importance of recognizing different type of
managers and workers in order to effectively motivate
them
4. Employees get motivated by small things
5. Employees are much more sensitive to their
relationship with their managers and the atmosphere
surrounding the company rather than materialistic
goods
27. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Harvard Business Review. May2014, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p60-72. 11p. 1 Color
Photograph, 4 Graphs.
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28. BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Theory X and Theory Y." Theory X and Theory Y. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
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11p.
