Job analysis is a process to identify the duties, requirements, and relative importance of duties for a specific job. It is essential for human resource functions like planning, evaluation, recruitment, selection, placement, training, performance management, promotion, and compensation. The job analysis process involves gathering job information through techniques like observation and interviews. This information is used to create a job description detailing the purpose, tasks, and responsibilities of the role, and a job specification outlining required skills and qualifications. Conducting regular job analysis helps organizations hire the right people for the right jobs.