This document describes a proposed research collaboration called JIP CRYTRANSFER to study LNG bunkering with cryogenic hoses. The goals are to 1) develop a mechanical hose model to predict hose shape, deformation, and end fitting loads under different conditions, and 2) improve flow models to determine pressure drop and optimize hose diameter and flow rates. Participants will characterize hose stiffness through testing, develop a finite element hose model, and validate it on sample configurations. Flow testing will determine how friction coefficients vary with pressure and compare inline flow measurement tools. The research is organized by TNO and funded through industry and government sources.

1. JIP CRYTRANSFER
Collaboratieve research on LNG bunkering with hoses | Bas van den Beemt

2. BACKGROUND: JIP CRYTRANFER
LNG transfer with cryogenic hoses is an enabling operation for
offshore LNG bunkering:
Determining the safe operating envelope for offshore LNG bunkering, is a
key uncertainty in offshore LNG bunkering operations;
Limited data available from large bore (>8”) offshore LNG transfer systems
(EN1474) testing and qualification (e.g. dynamic stiffness and pressure
drop);
Testing at cryogenic conditions and with LNG flow is inevitable for
validation of ‘mechanical’ and ‘flow’ hose models.
In addition: LNG flow testing offers a platform to evaluate the accuracy of
in-line flow measurement systems and its process design.
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Offshore STS LNG transfer
showcased in Japan,
KLAW system, SPT Ltd. operation

3. PARTICIPANTS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES
Development of safe and reliable “Offshore LNG bunkering”, with
Predictable pressure drop in cryogenic hoses;
Accurate in-line flow measurement;
Predictable mechanical loads and shape from cryogenic hoses.
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3 | CRYTRANSFER

4. MECHANICAL HOSE MODEL: GOAL I
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-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
axial strain [-]
axialforce[kN]
Ambient
Cryogenic
tensile cryogenic Ffail = 600 kN (≈ 180 bar)
Reference: MWAP+MWL = 10.5 bar + 6.5 kN mass ≈ 40 kN
TNO reference:
Building block program static hose testingDetermine ‘hose end fitting loads’ and ‘hose
shape and deformation’ for different offshore
LNG bunkering configurations with hoses;
Determine generic operating envelope for
Offshore LNG bunkering (e.g. reach and sea
conditions);
Optimised design of of a hose-based LNG
bunkering system;
Additionally: Determine hose qualification (test)
requirement for LNG transfer.

5. Simplified
calculation
method
MECHANICAL HOSE MODEL
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To be
generated and
owned by hose
suppliers
Test methods
and
measurements
to be used
Only for
model
validation
Description of
“material input
card” for COTS
FE software
Transfer
system
designer in-
and output

6. RESEARCH APPROACH: MECHANICAL HOSE MODEL
Define and execute test to characterise the hose stiffness
Tension/torsion and (shallow) bending;
Stiffness will be a function of pressure, temperature and hose service life
Develop a FE model based om beam element
Description of material model based on measured data
Test cases in TNO’s choice of software
Verification of FE predictions on 1 / 2 example configurations
End fitting loads
Hose shape; local deformations
Feasibility
Use in COTS FE code
Simplified analyses
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Test method;
Measurement protocol;
2” test data
Description of material
model
Limited validation of
model on 2
configurations
Feasibility to
generalise
OPTIONAL: Larger diameter (~4”)
validation TBD with late participants

7. FLOW MODEL: GOAL II
Improved model for pressure drop at LNG transfer conditions
Determine friction coefficient as function of pressure
Optimize diameter and flow rate for LNG transfer with hoses
Additional: Determine accuracy of in-line LNG flow measurement:
Comparison flow metering: e.g. Coriolis, Ultrasonic, level
Integration of flow measurement in LNG bunker system
Optimise process design for LNG bunkering with hoses
Advise on adjusting standards/guidelines on pressure loss
Conclusion from LNG flow testing:
Pressure dependent hose friction coefficient

8. RESEARCH APPROACH: FLOW MODELLING
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Tank trailer
sensor
Storage Facility
sensor
P2 P1
Φ2 Φ1
Test: trailer delivering LNG to tank station
2” multi composite hose
2” metal hose
Pressure drop as function of flow rate and pressure
Comparison flow metering
Integration in-line flow
measurement
OPTIONAL: Larger diameters
and flow rates TBD with late
participants

9. ORGANISATION: JIP CRYTRANSFER
Founding partners:
TNO research contractor and coordinator;
Rolande LNG contracting partner flow test;
Confirmed Participants: Shell (mech.
model), Gutteling (supply hoses), Flexim
and Suneti (flow measurement).
Open for late Participants
Funding:
Dutch innovation funding (Confirmed);
Cash contributors (confirmed);
Shell, Gutteling and The Dutch National
LNG Platform.
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Budget (210kEuros):
Mechanical modeling (150 kEuros);
Flow testing (60kEuros);
Extra budget: late participants fee (TBD)
will be applied in the research (e.g. larger
diameters, different set-ups).
Scope and planning:
• Detailing of scope with all participants in
Steering Committee;
• Kick-off planned for January 2016.

10. INTERESTED IN PARTICIPATION?
Please contact:
Bas van den Beemt
TNO GEO-ENERGY
Bas.vandenbeemt@tno.nl
+31 65 199 3441

11. OTHER TNO R&D COLLABORATION ON LNG
Currently running Joint Industry Projects (JIPs):
LNG SAFETY PROGRAM: LNG component failure testing and modelling (e.g. tanks, loading equipment)
CRYOCOMPOSITES: LNG material and construction research
CRYHOSE: Life time extension of LNG refuelling hoses
11
TNO’s research on composition, construction and safety of cryogenic tanks