- Drought is a major challenge limiting crop production in many areas, including over 50% of land in China. Developing drought tolerant cultivars through gene discovery is an important way to stabilize production.
- The gene 6-SFT is associated with fructan synthesis and may contribute to drought tolerance. Three copies of 6-SFT were found in wheat, including 6-SFT-A1 and 6-SFT-A2 located on chromosome 4A.
- Polymorphisms in 6-SFT-A1 and 6-SFT-A2 were identified between wheat accessions. Association analysis linked certain 6-SFT haplotypes with improved drought tolerance and agron
Yr10 encodes for stripe rust resistance in wheat. Two related genomic sequences, 4B and 4E, were isolated from Moro wheat. Sequence 4B corresponds to the Yr10 resistance gene and is located on chromosome 1B. Silencing of sequence 4B using VIGS rendered Moro wheat susceptible to stripe rust, demonstrating that 4B is responsible for Yr10-mediated resistance. Yr10 was the first CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene cloned from wheat.
The Lr34 gene in wheat has provided effective resistance against rust for over 100 years. It confers partial and durable resistance by prolonging the latency period and reducing spore production. Lr34 is not race-specific and also confers resistance to other pathogens. It encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein and differs by only two amino acids from susceptible alleles. Transgenic wheat with Lr34 shows complementation of resistance, though the genetic background can influence effects. Lr34's durable resistance is likely due to its ability to transport antimicrobial compounds or prime defense responses through its function as an ABC transporter.
Nils Poulicard - Relations entre histoire évolutive et capacité d'adaptation ...Seminaire MEE
The document discusses how ancient host adaptation of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) to different rice species modulated its current ability to break plant resistance. RYMV adapted to infect Oryza glaberrima rice around 500,000 years ago. This is evidenced by a threonine residue at codon 49 of the viral genome that enhances infection of O. glaberrima but limits resistance breaking in O. sativa rice. Directed mutations showed codon 49 influences the virus's ability to overcome two major resistance genes in its hosts. Ancient adaptation to a rice species continues to impact RYMV's resistance-breaking potential today.
This document describes the construction of a physical and genetic map of the Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 chromosome using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA hybridization. Key findings include:
1) G. diazotrophicus has a circular chromosome approximately 4,240 kb in size containing 4 rRNA operons.
2) Hybridization results allowed positioning of 42 genetic markers on the chromosome, including 39 single-copy genes and 3 repeated elements.
3) One rRNA operon was found to have an inverted orientation compared to the others.
#67 Análisis genómico comparativo de Clostridium solventogenicos: Una mirada ...Juan Rosas Morales
The document summarizes genomic analysis of Clostridium solventogenic bacteria strains. It finds that the strains are closely related to Clostridium butyricum based on average nucleotide identity and tetranucleotide frequency. Pan-genome analysis shows Clostridium has a large, open pan-genome. Single-copy ortholog detection is influenced by sequence quality and produces comparable results between different detection methods. Overall, the analysis helps characterize the taxonomy and metabolism of the solventogenic Clostridium strains.
The study identified Nicotiana glutinosa as a suitable plant species for transient expression assays of soybean disease resistance proteins Rpg1b and Rpg1r. N. glutinosa did not respond to transient expression of the Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrB and AvrRpm1, unlike Nicotiana benthamiana. Reconstitution of the RPS5-mediated resistance pathway in N. glutinosa demonstrated its ability to study R protein pathways. The study determined that Rpg1b requires co-expression of a soybean RIN4 ortholog to confer resistance to AvrB, while Rpg1r can recognize AvrRpm1 without a RIN4
The document summarizes research on pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR) loci in wheat. Key points:
1. CIMMYT has conducted PAPR research since the 1970s, identifying loci such as Lr34, Lr46, and Lr67 that confer resistance to multiple diseases.
2. Studies mapped additional PAPR QTL in various wheat populations and identified markers for genes like Lr46, Sr2, and Yr54 useful for marker-assisted selection.
3. Research involves fine mapping genes, identifying deletion mutants, and understanding resistance mechanisms to improve durability and pyramide genes in wheat breeding.
4. An international shuttle breeding program
Yr10 encodes for stripe rust resistance in wheat. Two related genomic sequences, 4B and 4E, were isolated from Moro wheat. Sequence 4B corresponds to the Yr10 resistance gene and is located on chromosome 1B. Silencing of sequence 4B using VIGS rendered Moro wheat susceptible to stripe rust, demonstrating that 4B is responsible for Yr10-mediated resistance. Yr10 was the first CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene cloned from wheat.
The Lr34 gene in wheat has provided effective resistance against rust for over 100 years. It confers partial and durable resistance by prolonging the latency period and reducing spore production. Lr34 is not race-specific and also confers resistance to other pathogens. It encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein and differs by only two amino acids from susceptible alleles. Transgenic wheat with Lr34 shows complementation of resistance, though the genetic background can influence effects. Lr34's durable resistance is likely due to its ability to transport antimicrobial compounds or prime defense responses through its function as an ABC transporter.
Nils Poulicard - Relations entre histoire évolutive et capacité d'adaptation ...Seminaire MEE
The document discusses how ancient host adaptation of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) to different rice species modulated its current ability to break plant resistance. RYMV adapted to infect Oryza glaberrima rice around 500,000 years ago. This is evidenced by a threonine residue at codon 49 of the viral genome that enhances infection of O. glaberrima but limits resistance breaking in O. sativa rice. Directed mutations showed codon 49 influences the virus's ability to overcome two major resistance genes in its hosts. Ancient adaptation to a rice species continues to impact RYMV's resistance-breaking potential today.
This document describes the construction of a physical and genetic map of the Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 chromosome using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA hybridization. Key findings include:
1) G. diazotrophicus has a circular chromosome approximately 4,240 kb in size containing 4 rRNA operons.
2) Hybridization results allowed positioning of 42 genetic markers on the chromosome, including 39 single-copy genes and 3 repeated elements.
3) One rRNA operon was found to have an inverted orientation compared to the others.
#67 Análisis genómico comparativo de Clostridium solventogenicos: Una mirada ...Juan Rosas Morales
The document summarizes genomic analysis of Clostridium solventogenic bacteria strains. It finds that the strains are closely related to Clostridium butyricum based on average nucleotide identity and tetranucleotide frequency. Pan-genome analysis shows Clostridium has a large, open pan-genome. Single-copy ortholog detection is influenced by sequence quality and produces comparable results between different detection methods. Overall, the analysis helps characterize the taxonomy and metabolism of the solventogenic Clostridium strains.
The study identified Nicotiana glutinosa as a suitable plant species for transient expression assays of soybean disease resistance proteins Rpg1b and Rpg1r. N. glutinosa did not respond to transient expression of the Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrB and AvrRpm1, unlike Nicotiana benthamiana. Reconstitution of the RPS5-mediated resistance pathway in N. glutinosa demonstrated its ability to study R protein pathways. The study determined that Rpg1b requires co-expression of a soybean RIN4 ortholog to confer resistance to AvrB, while Rpg1r can recognize AvrRpm1 without a RIN4
The document summarizes research on pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR) loci in wheat. Key points:
1. CIMMYT has conducted PAPR research since the 1970s, identifying loci such as Lr34, Lr46, and Lr67 that confer resistance to multiple diseases.
2. Studies mapped additional PAPR QTL in various wheat populations and identified markers for genes like Lr46, Sr2, and Yr54 useful for marker-assisted selection.
3. Research involves fine mapping genes, identifying deletion mutants, and understanding resistance mechanisms to improve durability and pyramide genes in wheat breeding.
4. An international shuttle breeding program
C:\Fakepath\J Morrison Illinois Corn Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value Of...nacaa
This 3-year study evaluated the nitrogen credit from alfalfa for first-year corn in northern Illinois. The study found:
1) Corn yield response to nitrogen rate varied between sites.
2) PSNT values were strongly correlated with optimum nitrogen rate, with each 1 ppm nitrate-N reducing fertilizer need by 10 lbs/acre.
3) At the 4 sites, the optimum nitrogen rate was zero when PSNT was over 20 ppm, indicating the PSNT method worked well to determine nitrogen needs for corn after alfalfa.
This document summarizes pilot studies on using molecular markers to assist breeding of new apple cultivars with improved disease resistance and fruit quality traits. Two crosses were made in 2011 and progeny were screened using SNP markers for scab, mildew resistance and fruit quality. Over 1000 seedlings were analyzed, and the best 176 for cross 1 and 100 for cross 2 were selected for further evaluation based on their molecular profiles. The studies demonstrated both benefits and challenges of marker-assisted breeding in apple.
This document summarizes the work of the FruitBreedomics project WP2 on developing apple and peach pre-breeding material. For apples, the objectives were to introduce resistance to scab, mildew and fire blight through marker-assisted breeding in Switzerland and Germany. Selected progenies combined multiple resistance genes. For peaches, the focus was on resistance to powdery mildew and brown rot through conventional breeding in Italy, with some progenies combining both resistances. Marker-assisted breeding in France targeted resistance to multiple pests and diseases. The availability of pre-breeding material from different populations was also outlined.
2006 overexpressing a nam, ataf, and cuc (nac)Agrin Life
1) Overexpressing the SNAC1 transcription factor gene enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice. Transgenic rice lines that overexpressed SNAC1 showed significantly higher seed setting (22-34%) than control lines under severe drought stress conditions.
2) SNAC1 is predominantly induced by drought in guard cells. The transgenic rice lines that overexpressed SNAC1 closed their stomata more effectively in response to drought and maintained leaf turgor pressure at lower water potentials.
3) DNA microarray analysis revealed that many stress-related genes were up-regulated in the SNAC1-overexpressing rice, suggesting that SNAC1 improves stress tolerance by activating other stress response genes.
This is my dummy proposal for for research design and development course from which I learned a lot about the structure of research proposals and their requirements....
Rapid Identification Robinsoniella Peoriensis Specific 16S Primers 2016 White...Terry Whitehead
This document describes the development of PCR primers to rapidly identify the anaerobic bacterium Robinsoniella peoriensis. R. peoriensis has been isolated from a variety of mammalian and human infections. The study developed two PCR primer sets targeting the 16S rRNA gene of R. peoriensis. Testing on 15 R. peoriensis strains and 4 closely related bacterial species showed one primer set accurately amplified only R. peoriensis DNA. The primer set could identify R. peoriensis from both bacterial cultures and boiled whole cells, demonstrating its potential for rapid identification in clinical and environmental laboratories.
1. DREB genes play an important role in improving crop tolerance to stresses like drought, salt, and cold. DREB transcription factors regulate stress-responsive genes allowing plants to adapt.
2. Case studies showed overexpression of DREB genes enhanced stress tolerance in crops like rice and sugarcane. Co-transformation with DREB and other stress genes improved tolerance more than single DREB genes.
3. DREB genes respond differently to various stresses. DREB1 genes respond mainly to cold while DREB2 genes respond to dehydration and heat. Proper expression analysis of DREB genes is important for abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops.
Researchers investigated the roles of two sirtuin genes, SIRT4 and SIRT7, in grapevine physiology. In vitro assays showed both genes exhibited very weak NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity, even in the presence of resveratrol. Long fragments of the true coding sequences for SIRT4 and SIRT7 were obtained via RT-PCR that highly corresponded to hypothetical sequences. Basal transcription of both genes was found in grape cell cultures. Exposure to methyl jasmonate and UV-C radiation showed no influence on SIRT4 expression, while SIRT7 expression was more complex and non-linear, requiring further study. The work provides a starting point for understanding
The document summarizes a study analyzing gene expression in maritime pine (P. pinaster) and aleppo pine (P. pinea) seedlings inoculated with virulent and non-virulent strains of the pinewood nematode (PWN). RT-PCR was performed on samples collected at 3 hours, 9 hours, 10 days, and 20 days post-inoculation. Several stress-related genes showed variable expression over time and between the two pine species, indicating different stress response mechanisms. Specifically, the oxidative stress gene ATTRX1 was expressed in both species at all time points except with the non-virulent strain in P. pinaster. The results suggest P. pinea and P. pin
This study evaluated the response of six tomato genotypes to salt stress through callus induction in vitro. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants from seeds of genotypes G1-G6 were cultured on callus induction medium supplemented with different NaCl concentrations (0-200mM). Callus size and weight were measured after 10 and 17 days. Genotype G6 exhibited better growth at high salt concentrations (100-200mM) compared to other genotypes, indicating expression of salt tolerance genes. Genotypes G1 and G5 were most sensitive to salt as their callus size and weight decreased significantly with increasing salinity. The results demonstrate the potential to select salt tolerant cell lines for future breeding through in vitro screening of
Isolation of genes differentially expressed during the defense response of Ca...CIAT
- The document describes research isolating genes differentially expressed in the cassava plant Manihot esculenta during defense response to attack by the whitefly Aleurotrachelus socialis.
- Researchers used subtractive cDNA libraries and microarray expression profiling to identify genes up- or down-regulated in a resistant cassava genotype compared to a susceptible one when infested with whiteflies.
- Over 550 genes were found to be significantly regulated during the cassava-whitefly interaction, including many involved in defense response, oxidative stress, and cell wall modification.
PAR3 is expressed on mouse lymphocytes and myeloid cells, particularly B lymphocytes. The PAR3 receptor on B lymphocytes is functionally active and involved in regulating lymphocyte proliferation and activation in response to thrombin. PAR3 may represent an important link between the coagulation and immune systems. A monoclonal antibody (mAb 8E8) was characterized that specifically binds to the cleavage site of mouse PAR3. This antibody blocked thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and calcium signaling in platelets and splenocytes. It also inhibited proliferation of a hybridoma cell line in response to thrombin or PAR3 peptides but not PAR4 peptides. The antibody further suppressed activation of splenocytes induced by anti-CD3/anti-CD40 stimulation
1) An on-farm study tested the effects of applying the neonicotinoid insecticide Gaucho at 2.0 oz/cwt to spring wheat on wireworm populations, yield, and profitability compared to an untreated check.
2) In 2010, the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment significantly increased stand establishment, yield by 66.1 bu/ac versus 27.6 bu/ac for the check, and profits by $392/ac versus $166/ac for the check.
3) Wireworm populations, as measured by modified solar bait traps the following spring, were reduced 41% by the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment compared
The document describes the identification, cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the a-L-arabinofuranosidase B (abfB) gene from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod). The gene was identified using random amplified polymorphic DNA and encodes a protein of 499 amino acids. The recombinant protein expressed in E. coli had arabinofuranosidase activity and optimal activity at pH 4.0 and 50°C. Reverse transcription PCR showed that the abfB gene is actively transcribed in carnation plants infected with Fod, suggesting it plays a role in the fungus's pathogenicity.
Cip bangladesh research reports on potato-2009-10Mohidul Hasan
CIP-Bangladesh Annual Report 2009-10 compiled by Md. Mohidul Hasan. There are 5 experiments were looking at different locations of Bangladesh and presented at home and abroad by Md. Mohidul Hasan. Laght Blight, Virus, heat, salt and drought tolerance trials were conduct by Md. Mohidul Hasan Manik.
The experiment measured the response of different maize seed lines to gibberellic acid (GA) and propiconazole (PCZ) treatments by analyzing root length, number of secondary roots, mesocotyl length, and true leaf length. 27 maize seed lines from different geographic regions were selected and treated with water (control), GA, or PCZ. Seedlings were grown in vermiculite in the dark and measurements were taken using ImageJ software. Preliminary results found that lines like B97, Tzi8, and Il14H showed differing sensitivity levels to the hormone treatments across the tissue types measured. Further analysis will help identify genes regulating the growth hormone pathways.
The document summarizes a project aimed at developing methods for reliable high-throughput phenotyping of wheat traits related to drought tolerance. The project objectives are to 1) develop and validate field-based phenotyping systems to estimate crop water use, 2) assess the impact of drought tolerance traits in different environments, and 3) characterize traits that underpin drought adaptation in elite wheat lines. Activities include phenotyping protocols, multi-site trials of diverse lines, and training workshops. Preliminary results found some lines performed well across environments. The project aims to identify drought tolerance traits and select tools to help breeders in drought-prone regions.
THEME – 3 TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENE...ICARDA
The document summarizes research testing and screening salt tolerance in durum wheat genetic resources. 50 accessions including landraces, improved varieties, and Australian lines were evaluated under saline (150mM NaCl) and control conditions. Key findings:
- Tiller number, shoot dry weight, plant height, chlorophyll content, grains per spike, and grain weight were significantly reduced by salt stress.
- Landraces from Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and Uzbekistan showed putative salt tolerance based on lower stress intensity indices.
- A FIGS strategy identified putative tolerant, sensitive, and unspecified accessions to minimize screening numbers.
Climate resilient wheat varieties introduced through international collaborat...ExternalEvents
ICARDA has been working in the Central Asia region since 2000 in collaboration with i.e. the Regional Forum of the CAC countries (CACAARI). Wheat production, in particular winter wheat, is highly vulnerable to e.g. salinity, drought as well as yellow rust disease epidemics pose threat to wheat production and food security in Central Asia. Among others, improved wheat varieties have been identified, which are resistent to yellow rust.
This document summarizes the achievements, lessons learned, challenges, and gaps from Phase II of the Tropical Legumes II Project. Key achievements include the release of 129 new varieties of six legume crops, training of scientists, and production of over 250,000 tons of seed. Lessons highlight the importance of partnerships, seed systems approaches like community seed banks, and policies supporting the seed industry. Remaining challenges include strengthening national breeding programs and seed production capacity. Gaps include improving variety adoption, linking seed systems to markets, and ensuring continuous seed supply during droughts.
Drought and heat stress in late sown wheat and mitigation strategies Ramesh Acharya
This document summarizes research on the impacts of late sowing and heat/drought stress on wheat crops in Nepal. It finds that late sowing, which is common due to the rice-wheat cropping system, reduces wheat yields significantly. Heat and drought stress during flowering and grain filling also limit yields. The document outlines several mitigation strategies, including advancing the planting date using no-till methods, growing early maturing varieties, using mulching and irrigation scheduling, and developing heat/drought tolerant wheat varieties.
C:\Fakepath\J Morrison Illinois Corn Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value Of...nacaa
This 3-year study evaluated the nitrogen credit from alfalfa for first-year corn in northern Illinois. The study found:
1) Corn yield response to nitrogen rate varied between sites.
2) PSNT values were strongly correlated with optimum nitrogen rate, with each 1 ppm nitrate-N reducing fertilizer need by 10 lbs/acre.
3) At the 4 sites, the optimum nitrogen rate was zero when PSNT was over 20 ppm, indicating the PSNT method worked well to determine nitrogen needs for corn after alfalfa.
This document summarizes pilot studies on using molecular markers to assist breeding of new apple cultivars with improved disease resistance and fruit quality traits. Two crosses were made in 2011 and progeny were screened using SNP markers for scab, mildew resistance and fruit quality. Over 1000 seedlings were analyzed, and the best 176 for cross 1 and 100 for cross 2 were selected for further evaluation based on their molecular profiles. The studies demonstrated both benefits and challenges of marker-assisted breeding in apple.
This document summarizes the work of the FruitBreedomics project WP2 on developing apple and peach pre-breeding material. For apples, the objectives were to introduce resistance to scab, mildew and fire blight through marker-assisted breeding in Switzerland and Germany. Selected progenies combined multiple resistance genes. For peaches, the focus was on resistance to powdery mildew and brown rot through conventional breeding in Italy, with some progenies combining both resistances. Marker-assisted breeding in France targeted resistance to multiple pests and diseases. The availability of pre-breeding material from different populations was also outlined.
2006 overexpressing a nam, ataf, and cuc (nac)Agrin Life
1) Overexpressing the SNAC1 transcription factor gene enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice. Transgenic rice lines that overexpressed SNAC1 showed significantly higher seed setting (22-34%) than control lines under severe drought stress conditions.
2) SNAC1 is predominantly induced by drought in guard cells. The transgenic rice lines that overexpressed SNAC1 closed their stomata more effectively in response to drought and maintained leaf turgor pressure at lower water potentials.
3) DNA microarray analysis revealed that many stress-related genes were up-regulated in the SNAC1-overexpressing rice, suggesting that SNAC1 improves stress tolerance by activating other stress response genes.
This is my dummy proposal for for research design and development course from which I learned a lot about the structure of research proposals and their requirements....
Rapid Identification Robinsoniella Peoriensis Specific 16S Primers 2016 White...Terry Whitehead
This document describes the development of PCR primers to rapidly identify the anaerobic bacterium Robinsoniella peoriensis. R. peoriensis has been isolated from a variety of mammalian and human infections. The study developed two PCR primer sets targeting the 16S rRNA gene of R. peoriensis. Testing on 15 R. peoriensis strains and 4 closely related bacterial species showed one primer set accurately amplified only R. peoriensis DNA. The primer set could identify R. peoriensis from both bacterial cultures and boiled whole cells, demonstrating its potential for rapid identification in clinical and environmental laboratories.
1. DREB genes play an important role in improving crop tolerance to stresses like drought, salt, and cold. DREB transcription factors regulate stress-responsive genes allowing plants to adapt.
2. Case studies showed overexpression of DREB genes enhanced stress tolerance in crops like rice and sugarcane. Co-transformation with DREB and other stress genes improved tolerance more than single DREB genes.
3. DREB genes respond differently to various stresses. DREB1 genes respond mainly to cold while DREB2 genes respond to dehydration and heat. Proper expression analysis of DREB genes is important for abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops.
Researchers investigated the roles of two sirtuin genes, SIRT4 and SIRT7, in grapevine physiology. In vitro assays showed both genes exhibited very weak NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity, even in the presence of resveratrol. Long fragments of the true coding sequences for SIRT4 and SIRT7 were obtained via RT-PCR that highly corresponded to hypothetical sequences. Basal transcription of both genes was found in grape cell cultures. Exposure to methyl jasmonate and UV-C radiation showed no influence on SIRT4 expression, while SIRT7 expression was more complex and non-linear, requiring further study. The work provides a starting point for understanding
The document summarizes a study analyzing gene expression in maritime pine (P. pinaster) and aleppo pine (P. pinea) seedlings inoculated with virulent and non-virulent strains of the pinewood nematode (PWN). RT-PCR was performed on samples collected at 3 hours, 9 hours, 10 days, and 20 days post-inoculation. Several stress-related genes showed variable expression over time and between the two pine species, indicating different stress response mechanisms. Specifically, the oxidative stress gene ATTRX1 was expressed in both species at all time points except with the non-virulent strain in P. pinaster. The results suggest P. pinea and P. pin
This study evaluated the response of six tomato genotypes to salt stress through callus induction in vitro. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants from seeds of genotypes G1-G6 were cultured on callus induction medium supplemented with different NaCl concentrations (0-200mM). Callus size and weight were measured after 10 and 17 days. Genotype G6 exhibited better growth at high salt concentrations (100-200mM) compared to other genotypes, indicating expression of salt tolerance genes. Genotypes G1 and G5 were most sensitive to salt as their callus size and weight decreased significantly with increasing salinity. The results demonstrate the potential to select salt tolerant cell lines for future breeding through in vitro screening of
Isolation of genes differentially expressed during the defense response of Ca...CIAT
- The document describes research isolating genes differentially expressed in the cassava plant Manihot esculenta during defense response to attack by the whitefly Aleurotrachelus socialis.
- Researchers used subtractive cDNA libraries and microarray expression profiling to identify genes up- or down-regulated in a resistant cassava genotype compared to a susceptible one when infested with whiteflies.
- Over 550 genes were found to be significantly regulated during the cassava-whitefly interaction, including many involved in defense response, oxidative stress, and cell wall modification.
PAR3 is expressed on mouse lymphocytes and myeloid cells, particularly B lymphocytes. The PAR3 receptor on B lymphocytes is functionally active and involved in regulating lymphocyte proliferation and activation in response to thrombin. PAR3 may represent an important link between the coagulation and immune systems. A monoclonal antibody (mAb 8E8) was characterized that specifically binds to the cleavage site of mouse PAR3. This antibody blocked thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and calcium signaling in platelets and splenocytes. It also inhibited proliferation of a hybridoma cell line in response to thrombin or PAR3 peptides but not PAR4 peptides. The antibody further suppressed activation of splenocytes induced by anti-CD3/anti-CD40 stimulation
1) An on-farm study tested the effects of applying the neonicotinoid insecticide Gaucho at 2.0 oz/cwt to spring wheat on wireworm populations, yield, and profitability compared to an untreated check.
2) In 2010, the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment significantly increased stand establishment, yield by 66.1 bu/ac versus 27.6 bu/ac for the check, and profits by $392/ac versus $166/ac for the check.
3) Wireworm populations, as measured by modified solar bait traps the following spring, were reduced 41% by the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment compared
The document describes the identification, cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the a-L-arabinofuranosidase B (abfB) gene from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod). The gene was identified using random amplified polymorphic DNA and encodes a protein of 499 amino acids. The recombinant protein expressed in E. coli had arabinofuranosidase activity and optimal activity at pH 4.0 and 50°C. Reverse transcription PCR showed that the abfB gene is actively transcribed in carnation plants infected with Fod, suggesting it plays a role in the fungus's pathogenicity.
Cip bangladesh research reports on potato-2009-10Mohidul Hasan
CIP-Bangladesh Annual Report 2009-10 compiled by Md. Mohidul Hasan. There are 5 experiments were looking at different locations of Bangladesh and presented at home and abroad by Md. Mohidul Hasan. Laght Blight, Virus, heat, salt and drought tolerance trials were conduct by Md. Mohidul Hasan Manik.
The experiment measured the response of different maize seed lines to gibberellic acid (GA) and propiconazole (PCZ) treatments by analyzing root length, number of secondary roots, mesocotyl length, and true leaf length. 27 maize seed lines from different geographic regions were selected and treated with water (control), GA, or PCZ. Seedlings were grown in vermiculite in the dark and measurements were taken using ImageJ software. Preliminary results found that lines like B97, Tzi8, and Il14H showed differing sensitivity levels to the hormone treatments across the tissue types measured. Further analysis will help identify genes regulating the growth hormone pathways.
The document summarizes a project aimed at developing methods for reliable high-throughput phenotyping of wheat traits related to drought tolerance. The project objectives are to 1) develop and validate field-based phenotyping systems to estimate crop water use, 2) assess the impact of drought tolerance traits in different environments, and 3) characterize traits that underpin drought adaptation in elite wheat lines. Activities include phenotyping protocols, multi-site trials of diverse lines, and training workshops. Preliminary results found some lines performed well across environments. The project aims to identify drought tolerance traits and select tools to help breeders in drought-prone regions.
THEME – 3 TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENE...ICARDA
The document summarizes research testing and screening salt tolerance in durum wheat genetic resources. 50 accessions including landraces, improved varieties, and Australian lines were evaluated under saline (150mM NaCl) and control conditions. Key findings:
- Tiller number, shoot dry weight, plant height, chlorophyll content, grains per spike, and grain weight were significantly reduced by salt stress.
- Landraces from Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and Uzbekistan showed putative salt tolerance based on lower stress intensity indices.
- A FIGS strategy identified putative tolerant, sensitive, and unspecified accessions to minimize screening numbers.
Climate resilient wheat varieties introduced through international collaborat...ExternalEvents
ICARDA has been working in the Central Asia region since 2000 in collaboration with i.e. the Regional Forum of the CAC countries (CACAARI). Wheat production, in particular winter wheat, is highly vulnerable to e.g. salinity, drought as well as yellow rust disease epidemics pose threat to wheat production and food security in Central Asia. Among others, improved wheat varieties have been identified, which are resistent to yellow rust.
This document summarizes the achievements, lessons learned, challenges, and gaps from Phase II of the Tropical Legumes II Project. Key achievements include the release of 129 new varieties of six legume crops, training of scientists, and production of over 250,000 tons of seed. Lessons highlight the importance of partnerships, seed systems approaches like community seed banks, and policies supporting the seed industry. Remaining challenges include strengthening national breeding programs and seed production capacity. Gaps include improving variety adoption, linking seed systems to markets, and ensuring continuous seed supply during droughts.
Drought and heat stress in late sown wheat and mitigation strategies Ramesh Acharya
This document summarizes research on the impacts of late sowing and heat/drought stress on wheat crops in Nepal. It finds that late sowing, which is common due to the rice-wheat cropping system, reduces wheat yields significantly. Heat and drought stress during flowering and grain filling also limit yields. The document outlines several mitigation strategies, including advancing the planting date using no-till methods, growing early maturing varieties, using mulching and irrigation scheduling, and developing heat/drought tolerant wheat varieties.
This document discusses approaches for breeding wheat with resistance to rust diseases. It begins by noting the importance of wheat as a food crop and challenges in meeting future demand. Classical breeding approaches are described that involve determining breeding objectives, assessing genetic variation, crossing, evaluation and selection. Molecular approaches for identifying rust resistance genes using markers can detect variations directly and are not influenced by environment. An efficient breeding program requires clear objectives, understanding pathogen variation and available resistance sources to design programs. Selection of parents, hybridization techniques, bulk and pedigree selection methods, and marker assisted selection are described to introgress resistance while maintaining other important traits.
This document summarizes research on breeding wheat with improved water use efficiency (WUE) and heat tolerance in China. Researchers identified 70 quantitative trait loci (QTL) markers for drought and heat tolerance traits. They used these markers in marker-assisted recurrent selection of six breeding populations, developing 192 crosses. Elites lines from the Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCP) reference set were crossed over 200 times with Chinese cultivars. Two lines entered national trials and seven entered provincial trials. Next steps include validating additional QTLs, enhancing marker-assisted recurrent selection, delivering drought and heat tolerant lines, and exchanging information to build molecular breeding capacity.
Salinity is a measure of the total amount of dissolved salts in water, measured in grams per kilogram or parts per thousand. Seawater contains 11 major dissolved constituents that make up over 99.99% of all dissolved materials, with the largest proportions being chloride at 55.07% and sodium at 30.62%. Salinity affects the distribution of ocean plants and animals as well as other seawater properties like density and dissolved oxygen levels.
Salinity is a common stress factor in agricultural areas that causes osmotic stress and reduces plant growth and crop productivity. The document examines the effect of different sodium chloride (NaCl) salt concentrations on germination and morphological attributes of maize. Laboratory experiments showed that higher salt concentrations (150mM - 250mM) significantly decreased germination rates and attributes like root and shoot length, mass, and number of leaves compared to the control. Similar inhibitory effects were observed in pot culture experiments. The study concludes that the maize variety tested is sensitive to NaCl salinity.
The document describes a new upscale/casual restaurant located in a high rise across from a train station. The restaurant aims to source ingredients locally within a 400 mile radius and donate 5% of profits to local farmers. The menu features seasonal items and focuses on sustainability practices like composting and an on-site aquaculture system for tilapia. The target market is business professionals and residents ages 25-50 who want a farm-to-table experience in an urban setting.
1. Plants have developed three main adaptations to salinity stress: osmotic stress tolerance, sodium exclusion from leaves, and tissue tolerance to accumulated sodium and chloride in leaves.
2. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance include compartmentalization of ions, osmotic adjustment through compatible solutes, and exclusion of sodium from leaves.
3. Breeding efforts have developed salt tolerant varieties of crops like rice, wheat, mustard, and chickpeas through marker-assisted selection and identifying favorable quantitative trait loci.
The document summarizes plant responses to different types of stress. It discusses how plants can avoid or tolerate stress through mechanisms like osmotic adjustment, accumulation of compatible solutes, and heat shock protein production. Stress can be biotic, imposed by other organisms, or abiotic arising from environmental deficits or excesses. Abiotic stresses discussed include drought, high salinity, temperature extremes, and oxidative stress from pollutants. Stress triggers changes in gene expression and metabolism that help plants withstand damaging conditions.
Genetic manipulation of stay-green traits for croop imporvement Shantanu Das
This document discusses genetic manipulation of stay-green traits for crop improvement. It defines stay-green as extended foliar greenness during grain filling under drought. Stay-green is important for maintaining photosynthesis and yield under drought. Strategies for developing stay-green crops include identifying QTL for the trait and using marker-assisted breeding to introgress those QTL into preferred crop varieties. Maintaining chlorophyll levels through delayed senescence is key to stay-green. Introgressing stay-green traits can increase drought resistance and yield potential of important crops.
The document reports on the isolation of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene from alfalfa, called MsNHX1. The gene was found to encode a functional Na+/H+ antiporter when expressed in yeast. Arabidopsis plants were genetically engineered to overexpress MsNHX1, which resulted in enhanced salt tolerance of the transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants. The study demonstrates that overexpressing the alfalfa MsNHX1 gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.
This document summarizes research on applying phosphate isotopes to trace sources and cycling of phosphorus in East Creek, a watershed in the Chesapeake Bay region. It discusses:
1) Phosphorus and high phytate levels in East Creek. Phytate is a major storage form of phosphorus found in plant materials.
2) Measuring oxygen isotopes in phosphate to track the original source of phytate as it is degraded by enzymes. Different enzymes fractionate isotopes in unique ways, allowing identification of active enzymes.
3) Phytate promotes the proliferation of microorganisms that can degrade it. Understanding phytate cycling provides insights into managing phosphorus pollution in
Fine mapping of stay-green QTLs on sorghum chromosome SBI-10L-An approach fro...ICRISAT
Sorghum is the fifth most important C4 cereal crop grown globally in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. Drought is the major cause for loss of productivity worldwide. Delayed senescence of plants leads to adaptation to drought stress conditions by staying-green and giving high yields. In order to identify and dissect the stay-green genomic regions we have developed a high resolution fine mapping population from introgression line cross RSG04008-6 (stay-green) × J2614-11 (shoot fly resistant). Nearly 1894 F2 genotypes were screened with 8 SSR in order to identify double recombinants for both the parents in the sorghum chromosome-10 long arm (SBI-10L).
Phenotypic variability of drought avoidance shoot and root phenesTropical Legumes III
Research results suggests it is important to design an integrated strategy combining plant phenomics, genomics, agronomy and modeling to maximize crop productivity in a given environment or stress scenario and to develop guidelines for farming options in the face of climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa.
Quantitative PCR (qPCR), also known as real-time PCR, is a laboratory technique used to quantify the amount of a specific DNA sequence in a sample. Some key points about how qPCR is used to determine the amount of DNA:
- qPCR works by amplifying a target DNA sequence over multiple cycles. It monitors the amplification in real-time using fluorescent dyes or probes.
- The fluorescent signal increases as more DNA is amplified. The point at which the fluorescence crosses a defined threshold is called the cycle threshold (Ct).
- Samples with more DNA copies of the target sequence will reach the threshold earlier in the amplification process (lower Ct value). Samples with fewer copies will reach it later (higher Ct value).
Genome–Wide Analysis and Expression Pattern of the AP2/ERF Gene Family in Kiw...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
—APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors play important roles in the response to abiotic stresses. It is now possible to identify all of the AP2/ERF genes in the kiwifruit genome because the kiwifruit genome project has been completed. 183 AP2/ERF genes were identified and compared with AP2/ERF genes from Arabidopsis in this study. The 183 AP2/ERF kiwifruit genes were classified into four subfamilies: DREB (64), ERF (94), AP2 (19) and RAV (5), as well as one soloist. RNA-sequence and Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis results showed that 20 genes were responsive to waterlogging stress, suggesting that AP2/ERF transcription factors play important roles in the response to waterlogging stress in kiwifruit
The document summarizes research on the selection and demography of maize evolution. It discusses how maize was domesticated from its wild ancestor, teosinte, through selection on specific genes like tga1 and tb1 that contributed to changes in plant architecture. It also describes the spread of maize from its center of domestication in Mexico to other regions, noting evidence of selection during this spread. Genomic analyses reveal thousands of genes underwent changes between teosinte and modern maize varieties through both hard sweeps on individual genes and polygenic adaptation.
This document summarizes a project that aims to improve cowpea productivity in marginal environments in sub-Saharan Africa through marker-assisted breeding. The project is applying genomic resources and marker-assisted selection to introgress genes for drought tolerance, heat tolerance, and resistance to pests and diseases from donor parents into popular local varieties. Researchers are developing cowpea consensus genetic maps, identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for important traits, and employing both marker-assisted backcrossing and marker-assisted recurrent selection in breeding programs in several countries to develop improved cowpea varieties with locally adapted traits.
“Transcription factor as signaling regulatory tools for improving growth proc...AKSHAYMAGAR17
The document discusses several transcription factors and their roles in plant growth processes. It provides case studies on:
1) Tb1 which regulates lateral branch development in maize by repressing axillary growth.
2) Shi4 and SHAT1 which regulate grain shattering in rice by specifying abscission zone development.
3) GA1 which regulates dwarfing as a gibberellin insensitive dwarf gene in apple rootstocks.
4) MADS-box and KNOX genes which regulate flowering development through involvement in stress responses and developmental plasticity.
5) HAT4 which regulates shade development as a member of the HD-ZIPII family involved in shade-induced growth responses.
This document summarizes research on the isolation, purification, characterization, and kinetic properties of acid phosphatase from mungbean (Vigna radiata) leaves. Key findings:
1. Acid phosphatase was purified 222-fold from mungbean leaf extracts using ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography, achieving a specific activity of 1291 nkat/mg protein.
2. SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography revealed the purified enzyme consisted of two isoforms with molecular weights of 29 kDa and 18 kDa.
3. Kinetic analysis found the 29 kDa isoform had a Km of 0
CHARACTERIZATION OF STREPTOMYCES SCABIES ISOLATESijabjournal
Potato, (Solanum tuberosum L,) have various biotic constraints in its production due to pest attack. Among these, common scab caused by streptomyces scabies in an important disease in potato which causes economic loss with respect to plant yield and quality of tubers. The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity, pathogenic variation, characterization of morphological, physiological and
biochemical aspects of Streptomyces specie associated with potato tubers grown in Rawalpindi district.Severity data and pathogenic variation of disease was studied by using different isolation and characterization techniques. Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces spp. From potato tubers will
guide the researchers about the causative strains of common scab of potato present in the particular area.
Screening of mangrove fungal isolates ecosystem forDebjyoti Paul
The document summarizes research on screening mangrove fungal isolates for their bioprospects and optimizing production of L-asparaginase by an unidentified mangrove fungal isolate (T2). 13 fungal isolates were screened for various enzymes. Isolate T2 produced the highest amount of extracellular L-asparaginase under optimized conditions of lactose as carbon source and pH 10. Genomic DNA of 2 isolates were amplified for ITS region but did not match known fungi, indicating potential novel species.
This document describes a new species of bacteria, Pectinatus sottacetonis sp. nov., that was isolated from a commercial pickle spoilage tank. The bacterium, strain FSRU B0405T, was identified as a member of the genus Pectinatus based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. P. sottacetonis is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that is motile with distinctive X-shaped movement. Biochemical and physiological characterization differentiated P. sottacetonis from other Pectinatus species. The document proposes P. sottacetonis as a novel species based on its phenotypic and genetic
This summarizes an essay on the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its response to environmental stresses like drought and high salt levels. When stressed, the plant hormone ABA is produced, which triggers adaptive responses to help the plant survive. ABA regulates many transcriptional factors, including members of the bZIP family that are expressed during stress. The essay discusses the domains of AREB/ABF transcription factors and how they are phosphorylated and regulated in response to ABA and stresses.
This document presents the results of a study on the effect of different rates of single superphosphate fertilizer and frequencies of Megagreen application on nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and yield of cowpea. The study found that higher rates of superphosphate and more frequent Megagreen applications generally improved various growth parameters, nodulation rates, and yield components of cowpea. Soil and plant tissue analysis also showed that the treatments affected soil phosphorus levels and plant nitrogen content. The results indicate that cowpea responds positively to optimized phosphorus and Megagreen application rates and frequencies.
The document discusses allele mining, which aims to identify allelic variations in genetic resources collections that are relevant for traits of interest. It describes how allele mining works to unlock hidden genetic variation by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms and new haplotypes. The document then provides details on a case study of allele mining focused on three genes - calmodulin, LEA3, and SalT - important for abiotic stress tolerance in rice and related species. Primers were developed to amplify regions of these three genes from 64 accessions representing rice and other grasses.
This document describes a study that isolated 154 phytate-degrading bacteria from soil samples collected from volcanic areas in Indonesia. Six isolates with high phytase activity were selected for further analysis. The isolates were identified as different species of Bacillus based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The crude extracellular phytase enzymes from the isolates had varying optimal pH and temperature conditions for phytate dephosphorylation. Certain metal ions like Zn2+ and Fe3+ strongly inhibited the phytase activity, while Ca2+ increased activity by 10-15%.
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More from Climate Change @ The International Food Policy Research Institute (20)
1. International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security
Discovering Drought-tolerant Gene
Resources for Crop Improvement
Ruilian Jing
jingrl@caas.net.cn
The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and
Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Science
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Beijing • November 7–8, 2011
2. China: Precipitation
About 50% of land area is arid and semi-arid in China, where
6 667 000 ha of rainfed wheat are grown with low and variable yield.
Developing drought-tolerant cultivars is an efficient way to stabilize
wheat production and ensure food security in China and the world.
3. Total drought area
10.5 Mha
8.8 Mha
Average year: 1.7 Mha drought area
Provinces suffered from severe drought
stress in the early spring 2009
4. Drought seriously limits crop production in
many areas of the world, especially in China.
More than 70% water is used in the crop
production in China.
Water shortage
Big population
Crop drought-tolerance improvement
is a challenging task for breeders.
Discover and use drought-tolerant
gene resources in the crop breeding
can contribute to improvement for
water-limited environments.
5. ? Germplasm Resources
?
?
Gene Resources
?
?
?
How can we discover
beneficial genes?
More than 7 million accessions have been collected and
conserved in the germplasm banks in the world. How to
find the favourable genes from the huge number of plant
germplasm resources for plant breeding?
6. Drought tolerance at seedling stage
Drought tolerant genotypes survived in the soil
moisture of ~17% relative water content
8. Sensing, signalling and
cell-level responses to
drought stress
ABA-mediated responses
Non-ABA-mediated responses
Other mechanisms
(Chaves, et al., 2003)
9. Fructan functions
Fructans represented 85% of the water soluble carbohydrate
(WSC) --- main carbon source for grain yield in cereal crops
Fructans involved in tolerance to abiotic stresses
High water solubility: osmotic adjustment
A source of hexose sugars: allow continued leaf expansion during
periods of drought
Direct protective effect to membrane stabilization
Bolouri-Moghaddam, et al., FEBS J., 2010, 277, 2022-2037
10. 6-SFT (Sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyltransferase)
gene function in the process of fructan synthesis
6-SFT 1-FFT
levan neoseries 6G-kestotriose inulin neoseries
β(2-1) β(2-1)
6G-FFT
6-SFT 6-SFT 1-SST 1-FFT
levan 6-kestotriose SUCROSE 1-kestotriose inulin
β(2-1) β(2-1)
6-SFT
6-SFT 1-FFT
mixed-type levan bifurcose mixed-type levan
β(2-1) and β(2-6) 6-SFT β(2-1) and β(2-6)
FEH
1-FFT
levan
β(2-6)
Model for fructan synthesis
The fructan class of water soluble carbohydrates has been assigned a possible
role in conferring tolerance to drought. 6-SFT is capable of producing 6-kestose
as well as elongating 6-kestose and 1-kestose and producing both levan and
branched fructan.(Vijn et al., Plant Physiology, 1999, 120, 351-359)
11. Three copies for 6-SFT were detected in wheat
6-SFT-A1
6-SFT-A2
6-SFT-D1
6-SFT-A1
6-SFT-A2
6-SFT-D1
6-SFT-A2 specific primer
6-SFT-A1
6-SFT-A2
6-SFT-D1
6-SFT-A1 specific primer
6-SFT-D1 specific primer
Two copies were located on genome A, one on genome D.
Specific genome primers were designed based on the
polymorphism in the sequences of gene 6-SFT.
12. Single nucleotide mutation in 6-SFT-A1
No. Site Location Type Change Amino acid change
1 116 Exon1 SNP C/T
2 333 Intron1 SNP C/G
3 541 Intron2 SNP G/C
4 563 Intron2 SNP T/A
5 1053 Intron2 SNP A/G
6 1609 Exon3 SNP A/G
7 1727 Exon3 SNP A/G Asn /Asp
8 1781 Exon3 SNP A/G Thr/Ala
9 1783 Exon3 SNP A/G
10 1831 Exon3 SNP T/C
11 2140 Intron3 SNP G/C
12 2157 Intron3 SNP G/T
13 2311 Intron3 SNP C/T
14 2358 Intron3 Indel T/0
Among 30 hexaploid cultivars, 14 polymorphism sites in 6-SFT-A1 gene
nucleotide sequences were identified, which included 13 SNPs and 1 InDel.
13. 6-SFT-A1 mapping
1781 bp G/A
4A
3269 bp
MluⅠdigest
M G A G G G G G G G G Y N
Wu et al.
2010, 2011
3000 bp
2000 bp
1200 bp
Polymorphism and mapping of 6-SFT-A1 in RILs (Yanzhan 1×Neixiang 188)
The CAPS marker was developed based on the SNP at 1781 bp. 6-SFT-A1 was
mapped on chromosome 4A. QTLs for plant height, 1000-grain weight were
located in 6-SFT-A1 region (Wu et al., 2010, JXB; 2011, PLoS ONE).
Yue et al., Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44:2216-2224
14. Phylogenetic tree representing the haplotype
relationship of 6-SFT-A1
HapⅠ
Hap Ⅱ
Hap Ⅲ
Three haplotypes were identified using the 34 wheat germplasm. Hap I was
mainly detected among wheat accessions showing mid-drought resistance
and drought susceptiple. Hap III was found in the most of high drought
resistant and resistant wheat germplasm.
15. 6-SFT-A1 is associated with seedling biomass
under drought stress condition in a historical
population with 154 accessions
CK T
Well-watered (CK) Drought stress (T)
16. Agronomic traits associated with 6-SFT-A1 in
a historical population with 154 accessions
Environment Trait Hap I Hap III P-Value R2 (%)
Rain-fed Peduncle length 7.4±1.0 8.0±1.4 0.0045 7.63
Plant height 79.2±13.2 88.1±14.3 0.0058 5.60
Well-watered Peduncle length 24.9±3.6 27.0±4.2 0.0001 11.02
Plant height 82.6±6.4 85.0±5.4 0.0337 3.93
17. Single nucleotide polymorphism in 6-SFT-A2
No. Site Location Type Change Hap I Hap II Hap III
1 600 Intron 2 SNP G/A G G A
2 730 Intron 2 SNP T/C T C T
3 807 Intron 2 SNP T/A C A C
4 858 Intron 2 SNP C/A C C A
5 1207 Exon 3 SNP G/A G A A
6 1237 Exon 3 SNP A/T A C T
7 1591 Exon 3 SNP C/T C C T
8 1870 Exon 3 SNP G/A G G A
9 2053 Intron 3 Indel T/0 T 0 T
10 2056 Intron 3 Indel 0/C 0 C 0
11 2546 Exon 4 SNP C/T C C T
12 2918 Exon 4 SNP G/C G G C
13 2951 Exon 4 SNP G/A G A G
18. Molecular marker design for 6-SFT-A2
4A
1870bp G/A 2951bp G/A
2660b
Mbo II Digest p Msg I Digest
G G G A G G G G G G G A
+ - + -
Hap Ⅰ + +
Hap Ⅱ + - Linkage map of 6-SFT-A2
Hap Ⅲ - + on chromosome 4A
(Hanxuan 10×Lumai 14)
20. Thousand grain weights of DHLs with
two 6-SFT-A2 haplotypes
50
**
*
**
**
**
45
**
40 * *
35
30
TGW(g)
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2001 2005
2005 2006H
2006DS 2006S
2006WW 2009H
2009DS 2009S
2009WW 2010H
2010DS 2010S
2010WW
Hap I (Hanxuan 10) Hap III (Lumai 14)
Thousand grain weight (TGW) of doubled haploid lines (DHLs) with
Hap III of 6-SFT-A2 is significant higher than that of Hap I under
different water regimes in five years.
21. TGW of three haplotypes of 6-SFT-A2 in
a historical population
Year Haplotype TGW (g) P-Value R2 (%)
Ⅰ 34.8±4.8 0.0397* 4.79
2009 Ⅱ 33.0±5.6
Ⅲ 35.6±4.9
Ⅰ 38.1±5.3 0.0310* 5.12
2010 Ⅱ 37.0±5.7
Ⅲ 39.7±5.5
Hap III of 6-SFT-A2 is associated with higher thousand grain
weight in the historical population consisted of 154 accessions.
22. Single nucleotide polymorphism in 6-SFT-D
C A G C
A G A T
475 841 2243 2850
Haplotype 475 bp 841 bp 2243 bp 2850 bp
Ⅰ C A G C
Ⅱ C A G T
Ⅲ A G A C
C C C C C T C T C T C T C T C C C C C C T C T C
26. TGW in genotypes with different haplotype
combinations of 6-SFT-A2 and 6-SFT-D
Haplotype* 2009D 2009W 2010D 2010W
I+I 38.50 37.34 38.64 40.01
I+II 36.77 35.01 34.80 37.96
II+I 37.30 34.63 37.89 39.65
II+II 35.55 35.36 38.58 38.49
III+I 39.46 37.18 39.55 40.60
III+II 40.39 36.58 39.31 38.37
* Combines of three haplotypes of 6-SFT-A2 and two haplotypes of 6-SFT-D.
Hap Ⅲ of 6-SFT-A2 and HapⅠ of 6-SFT-D are favourable
hyplotypes for increasing grain weight, their combination
is optimum for improving grain weight in wheat.
27. Relationship between TGW and
water soluble carbohydrate in stem
Early grain filling stage Middle grain filling stage
CK
Cut spike
0.3% KI
(200 mL/m2)
KI: potassium iodide
28. Analysis of thousand grain weight (TGW)
Reduction (CK – KI)
Env. Treatment Range (g) Mean±SD
Max (g) Min (g) Mean±SD
Well-watered CK 27.50~49.76 39.42±5.06
29.40 4.62 16.14±5.53
KI 11.13~38.46 23.28±5.23
Rain-fed CK 26.63~48.13 36.95±4.60
24.87 1.23 7.82±5.82
KI 14.78~43.58 29.13±6.16
TGWKI
Well-watered: × 100% = 59.32%
TGWCK
TGW KI
Rain-fed: TGW CK × 100% = 79.13%
Stem-reserved WSC significantly contributes to TGW. The
contribution under drought stress condition is significantly
higher than that under well-watered condition.
29. QTLs QTLs for stem WSC in DH population
for WSC
Additive Epistatic Total
58 additive, 34 pairs of epistatic QTL; contribution rate 36.80%
Trait
Number R2(%) Number (lower section)
(peduncle), 49.57% (second section), 49.24% R2(%) (%)
Peduncle 21 31.93 9 4.87 36.80
QTLs for TGW
Second section 17 40.97 10 8.60 49.57
20 additive, 17 pairs 20 epistatic QTL; contribution rate
Lower section of 37.73 15 11.51 49.24
66.36%
QTLs for TGW in DH population
22 common intervals of WSC QTL and TGW QTL.
Additive Epistatic Total
(1A:Stage
WMC59; 1B: WMC156, CWM65, A1133-370, WMC269.2; 1D:
Number R2(%) Number R2(%) (%)
WMC222; 2B: WMC441; 2D: WMC453.1, Xgwm539, A4233-175,
2 4 6.99 6 4.02 11.01
WMC41; 3A: Xgwm391; 4A: A3446-205; 5A: Xgwm156, Xgwm595; 5B:
3 4 5.13 5 3.82 8.95
4 4 13.03 1 3.08 16.11
Xgwm67, Xgwm213, Xgwm499, WMC380; 6A: CWM487; 7A: A3446-
280, A2454-280) 7
5 22.69 5 6.48 29.17
31. 6-SFT-A2 mapping
4A 4A
4A
H10 L14
TGW
TGW epistatic
QTL, stage 5
Linkage map of 6-SFT-A2 on 4A Su et al., 2009 Yang et al., 2007
(Hanxuan 10×Lumai 14) Plant Science Genetics
32. Summary
A number of gene/QTLs involved in the
drought tolerance.
Favourable alleles of target genes hide in
the germplasm resources.
Recombining favourable alleles of target
genes could improve crop plants.
Molecular marker assistant selection is an
efficient approach for drought tolerance
improvement in crop plants.
33. Acknowledgements
Collaborators
Yuchen DONG
Jizeng JIA
Xueyong ZHANG
Xiuying KONG
Chenyang HAO
Financial Support
National High Tech Program
National Key Program for Basic Research