1. ™‘π“≈—ß°“√
§—¡¿’√å· ¥ß‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫æ√–™‘π‡®â“
æ√–æÿ∑∏√—°¢‘µ– √®π“
æ√–∏—¡¡“π—π∑¡À“‡∂√– (Õ—§√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ) µ√«®™”√–
æ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å ·ª≈·≈–Õ∏‘∫“¬
®—¥æ‘¡æå‡π◊ËÕß„π‚Õ°“
©≈ÕßÕ“¬ÿ«—≤π¡ß§≈ Ù √Õ∫ Ù¯ ªï æ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å
ÚÙ ‡¡…“¬π ÚııÚ

2. ™‘π“≈—ß°“√
§—¡¿’√å· ¥ß‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫æ√–™‘π‡®â“
√®π“ æ√–æÿ∑∏√—°¢‘µ–
µ√«®™”√– æ√–∏—¡¡“π—π∑¡À“‡∂√– (Õ—§√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ)
·ª≈·≈–Õ∏‘∫“¬ æ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å
ºŸâ®—¥æ‘¡æå Û˜ «—¥∑à“¡–‚Õ Õ”‡¿Õ‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥≈”ª“ß ıÚ
®—¥æ‘¡æå‡π◊ËÕß„π‚Õ°“
©≈ÕßÕ“¬ÿ«—≤π¡ß§≈ Ù √Õ∫ Ù¯ ªï
æ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å
ÚÙ ‡¡…“¬π ÚııÚ
ISBN : 978-974-8285-42-9
æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë Ò : ÚÙ ‡¡…“¬π ÚııÚ
®”π«πæ‘¡æå : Û, ‡≈à¡
®—¥æ‘¡æå‚¥¬ Àâ“ßÀÿâπ à«π®”°—¥ ª√–¬Ÿ√ “ åπ‰∑¬ °“√æ‘¡æå
πß.Õ“§“√æ√“ππ°æ≈“´à“ ∂ππæ√“ππ°
‡¢µ∫“ß°Õ°πâÕ¬ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√
‚∑√»—æ∑å/‚∑√ “√ -Ú¯ˆˆ-Ú˜˜

3. §”Õπÿ‚¡∑π“
‚¥¬æ√–∏—¡¡“π—π∑¡À“‡∂√–
‚∫√“≥“®“√¬å‰¥â√®π“§—¡¿’√åæ√√≥π“æ√–æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥À≈“¬§—¡¿’√å
‡™àπ ™‘π“≈—ß°“√ ™‘π®√‘µ æÿ∑∏®√‘µ π¡—°°“√– ¡À“ª≥“¡– ·≈–ªí™™-
¡∏ÿ ‡ªìπµâπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À♓«æÿ∑∏‡°‘¥»√—∑∏“„πæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ºŸâ‡ªìπ»“ ¥“
¢Õßµπ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√ª√–惵‘¢Õß —µ∫ÿ√ÿ…ºŸâ· «ßÀ“
‚¡°…– §—¡¿’√套߰≈à“«‰¥â√—∫°“√·ª≈‰«â·≈â«À≈“¬‡≈à¡„πªï°àÕπÊ ‚¥¬
æ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å »‘…¬å¢Õߢâ“懮ⓠ§◊Õ π¡—°°“√– ¡À“ª≥“¡–
·≈–ªí™™¡∏ÿ
∫—¥π’È ∑à“π‰¥â·ª≈§—¡¿’√噑π“≈—ß°“√∑’Ë®—¥‡ªìπ«√√≥°√√¡∫“≈’∑’Ë
¬‘Ëß„À≠à·≈–„™â¿“…“∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟â»÷°…“√âÕ¬°√Õß∫“≈’‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
·π«∑“ß„π°“√ª√–æ—π∏姓∂“„Àâ¡’Õ≈—ß°“√À≈“°À≈“¬ Õ’°∑—È߇æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
§”Õ∏‘∫“¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫À≈—°¿“…“·≈–À≈—°∏√√¡µ“¡ ¡§«√ ¢â“懮Ⓣ¥â
Õà“πµ√«®∑“πµâπ©∫—∫·≈⫇ÀÁπ«à“∑à“π·ª≈‰¥â‰æ‡√“– ≈– ≈«¬ ·≈–
Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡‰¥â°√–®à“ß™—¥‡®π ¢Õ„Àâº≈ß“π∑à“π∑’ËΩ“°‰«â„π∫√√≥-
æ‘¿æ·Ààß∫“≈’‡≈à¡π’Ȯ߇°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈·°àπ—°»÷°…“∫“≈’µ“¡ ¡§«√
¢â“懮ⓢÕÕπÿ‚¡∑𓧫“¡Õÿµ “À–¢Õßæ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å„π
°“√√«∫√«¡·≈–‡º¬·æ√৔ Õπ¢Õßæ√–∫√¡»“ ¥“„Àâ°«â“߉°≈Õ¬à“ß
À≈“°À≈“¬«‘∏’‡æ◊ËÕ¬—ߪ√–‚¬™πå„Àâ ”‡√Á®·°à¡«≈™πµ≈Õ¥°“≈π“π

4. [2]
¥—ߧ“∂“ª√–æ—π∏å∫∑Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë‚∫√“≥“®“√¬å°≈à“««à“
ª√µ⁄∂Ì ®‡√ ∏’‚√ Õ °⁄‚°π⁄‚µ °Ì ®‡√
Õ‘‡¡ªî ‡∑⁄« Õ °⁄‚°π⁄‚µ ª“ªµ⁄µ“πÌ π‘«“√‡¬.
ç∏’√™πæ÷ߪ√–惵‘ª√–‚¬™πåµπ·≈–ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ∂â“¡‘Õ“®∑”
‡™àππ—Èπ°Áæ÷ߪ√–惵‘ª√–‚¬™πåµπ ∂â“¡‘Õ“®∑”∑—Èß Õß
ª√–°“√π’ȉ¥â °Áæ÷ߪ√–惵‘µπÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߮“°§«“¡™—Ë«é
À«—ß«à“µ”√“‡≈à¡π’È®–‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß·Ààߪ√–°“¬ªí≠≠“ ∑’ˇÕ◊ÈÕ„Àâ
À≈—°∏√√¡§” Õπ∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ 𓉥â·æ√àÀ≈“¬„π«‘∂’∑“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß ◊∫‰ª
æ√–∏—¡¡“π—π∑¡À“‡∂√–
Õ—§√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ
‡®â“Õ“«“ «—¥∑à“¡–‚Õ ®—ßÀ«—¥≈”ª“ß
‡¡…“¬π ÚııÚ

5. §”π”
™‘π“≈—ß°“√ ·ª≈«à“ ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫æ√–™‘π‡®â“ ‡ªìπ«√√≥°√√¡
∫“≈’ª√–‡¿∑√âÕ¬°√Õß ª√–æ—π∏å¢÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß∂÷ߧ«“¡¬‘Ëß„À≠à¢Õß
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ‡√‘Ë¡µ—Èß·µà°“√ √â“ß∫“√¡’ Û ∑—»À≈—ß®“°∑’ˉ¥â√—∫
æÿ∑∏欓°√≥凡◊ËÕ‡ «¬æ√–™“µ‘‡ªìπ ÿ‡¡∏¥“∫ ®π∂÷ß°“√ª√– Ÿµ‘‡ ¥Á®
ÕÕ°¡À“¿‘‡π…°√¡≥å °“√µ√— √Ÿâ °“√ª√–°“»æ√–»“ π“ ·≈–°“√
ª√‘π‘ææ“π §—¡¿’√åπ’ȇª√’¬∫‡À¡◊ÕπºÕ∫∑Õß∑’Ë√Õß√—∫¢ÕßÀÕ¡§◊Õæ√–-
æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥Õ—π∑√ß§à“‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°ÿ≈∫ÿµ√ºŸâ¡’»√—∑∏“‰¥â‡°Á∫√—°…“‰«â·≈–„™â‡ªìπ
·π«∑“ß„π°“√‡®√‘≠√Õ¬µ“¡ªØ‘ª∑“¢Õß —µ∫ÿ√ÿ…ºŸâ· «ßÀ“‚¡°…–„π
°“≈°àÕπ
∑à“πºŸâª√–æ—π∏姗¡¿’√åπ’ȧ◊Õæ√–‡∂√–™“« ‘ßÀ≈™◊ËÕæ√–æÿ∑∏√—°¢‘µ–
∑à“π‡°‘¥∑’Ë‚√Àπ™π∫∑„π‡°“–≈—ß°“ µàÕ¡“‰¥âæ”π—°Õ¬Ÿà„𷧫âπ
‚®≈‘¬µ—¡æ–∫π‡°“–≈—ß°“π—Èπ‡Õß∑à“π‡ªìπª√“™≠å∑“ß»“ π“¡’™◊ËÕ‡ ’¬ß
‡≈◊ËÕß≈◊Õ ·≈–‡ªìπ§≥“®“√¬å Õπæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡·°àÀ¡Ÿà¿‘°…ÿ ∑à“π¡’™’«‘µ
Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ßæÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò˜ µ√ß°—∫ ¡—¬æ√–‡®â“ª√“°√¡æ“Àÿ∑’Ë Ò
(æ.». Òˆ˘ˆ-Ò˜Ú˘) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¬ÿ§∑ÕߢÕß«√√≥°√√¡∫“≈’ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
æ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å‰¥â∑√ß∑”πÿ∫”√ÿßæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ 𓇪ìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ª√“°Ø
À≈—°∞“π‡ªìπ§—¡¿’√å ”§—≠®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë√®π“¢÷Èπ„π ¡—¬π—È𠇙àπ Æ’°“
æ√–«‘𗬙◊ËÕ “√—µ∂∑’ªπ’ ·µàß‚¥¬æ√– “√’∫ÿµ√, ‚¡§§—≈≈“π‰«¬“°√≥å

6. [4]
´÷Ëß·µàß‚¥¬æ√–‚¡§§—≈≈“π– «—¥∂Ÿª“√“¡ ‡¡◊ÕßÕπÿ√“∏∫ÿ√’ ·≈–
Õ¿‘∏“𗪪∑’ªî°“ ·µàß‚¥¬æ√–‚¡§§—≈≈“π– «—¥¡À“‡™µ«—π ‡¡◊Õß
‚ª‚√ππ√ÿ«– ‡ªìπµâπ
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ The Pali Literature of Ceylon
(Malalasekara,1958 : 110-112) ‰¥â°≈à“««à“ºŸâ√®π“Õ“®‡ªìπæ√–
æÿ∑∏√—°¢‘µ– À√◊Õæ√–æÿ∑∏∑—µµ–ºŸâ·µàßÕ√√∂°∂“æÿ∑∏«ß»å‡ªìπµâπ ·≈–
¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà„π√“«æÿ∑∏»µ«√√…∑’Ë Ò °Á‰¥â ´÷Ëߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ‡√◊ËÕßπ’Èæ∫«à“
‰¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫¢âÕ§«“¡∑’˪√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà„πµÕπ∑⓬¢Õߧ—¡¿’√å (§“∂“
Ú˜Û-˜ı) ∑’Ë«à“
µ⁄µ√ ‡µ « ⁄‡ §‡µ ≈ß⁄°“µ‡≈ µ∑“
‚√À‡≥ ÿ®‘«Ì ¡⁄À‘ ™“‚µ ªµ⁄∂Ø°‘µ⁄µ‘¡“.
æÿ∑⁄∏√°⁄¢‘µπ“‚¡ ‚ ¿‘°⁄¢ŸπÌ §≥«“®‚°
Õ¿‘∏¡⁄¡π‡¿ «“¬ÿ- ‡«‚§« ¡µ‘¬“§‚µ.
ê“≥“ ‘π“ µ‘µ‘°⁄‡¢π ™‘µ¡“√æ≈Ì ™πÌ
™‘π“≈ß⁄°“√π“‡¡π Õ≈ß⁄°“‡√π≈ß⁄°√‘.
ç„π§√—Èßπ—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕæÿ∑∏»—°√“™≈à«ß‰ªæ—π‡®Á¥√âÕ¬ªï
æ√–‡∂√–ºŸâ¡’™◊ËÕ«à“ æÿ∑∏√—°¢‘µ– ºŸâ¡’‡°’¬√µ‘»—æ∑墮√¢®“¬
Õÿ∫—µ‘¢÷Èπ„π °ÿ≈Õ—π∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ≥ ‚√Àπ™π∫∑ „π≈—ß°“∑«’ª
‡ªìπºŸâ ÕπÀ¡Ÿà¿‘°…ÿ ‡æ’¬∫æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬ªí≠≠“¥ÿ®·√ß擬ÿ
„ππ¿“≈—¬§◊Õæ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡

7. [5]
æ√–‡∂√–π—Èπ‰¥âª√–¥—∫æ√–™‘π‡®â“ºŸâ™π–¡“√·≈–
°Õß∑—扥â¥â«¬¥“∫·Ààߪí≠≠“Õ—π§¡¬‘Ëßπ—° ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß
ª√–¥—∫™◊ËÕ«à“ ™‘π“≈—ß°“√é
§—¡¿’√åπ’ȇªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫¢Õßπ—°«‘™“°“√¡“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥®π¡“∂÷ß
ªí®®ÿ∫—π«à“¡’§ÿ≥§à“¡“°„π∑“ß«“∑»‘≈ªá ‡æ√“–·µàߥ⫬¿“…“∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡ß¥ß“¡·¬∫§“¬ ¡’≈’≈“°“√ª√–æ—π∏å∑’Ë°√–™—∫ °Õª√¥â«¬æ≈—ß Õ’°
∑—Èß¡’®—ßÀ«–∑’ˉæ‡√“– ≈– ≈«¬‡æ’¬∫æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬√ §”·≈–√ §«“¡·≈–
°“√º ¡º “π§“∂“ª√–‡¿∑µà“ßÊ ‡¢â“¥â«¬°—π °Á‚¥¥‡¥àπÕ¬à“߉¡à¡’
„¥‡ª√’¬∫ ®—¥‡ªìπ¬Õ¥·Ààß√âÕ¬°√Õß∑’Ëæ√√≥π“æ√–æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥
§—¡¿’√åπ’ȇªìπ«√√≥°√√¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“∑’Ë¡’‡Õ°≈—°…≥åµà“ß®“°√Ÿª·∫∫
∑—Ë«‰ª„πæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√„™â§“∂“∑’Ë·µà߇ªìπ°≈∫∑§◊Õ§”
À√◊Õ —¡º— ∑’ˇªìπ™—Èπ‡™‘ß¬‘Ëß°«à“∏√√¡¥“§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫ß“π¢Õß°“≈’∑“
¿“√«‘ ·≈–¡“¶–„π«√√≥°√√¡ —π °ƒµ Õ“®Õπÿ¡“π‰¥â«à“∑à“πºŸâ·µàß
‰¥â√—∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈®“°Õ≈—ß°“√ —π °ƒµ ®÷ߪ√–°Õ∫„™â°≈∫∑¥—ß°≈à“«¥â«¬
°“√· ¥ß —¡º— „π °“√„™â‡ ’¬ß´È” °“√„™â§”´È” À√◊Õ°“√„™â§”∑’ËÕà“π
ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‡À¡◊Õπ°—π‚¥¬Õà“π®“°´â“¬‰ª¢«“ À√◊ÕÕà“π®“°¢«“‰ª´â“¬
‡ªìπµâπ ¢Õ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß‚¥¬¬àÕ ¥—ßπ’È
Ò. °“√· ¥ß —¡º— „π ™◊ËÕ«à“ ª∑“ —µµ‘ §◊Õ ¡’‡ ’¬ß§≈âÕß®Õß°—π
‡™àπ

8. [6]
∑‘ ⁄«“ π‘¡‘µ⁄µ“π‘ ¡∑®⁄©‘∑“π‘
∂’πÌ «‘√Ÿª“π‘ √µ‘®⁄©‘∑“π‘
ª“ª“π‘ °¡⁄¡“π‘ ÿ¢®⁄©‘∑“π‘
≈∑⁄∏“π ê“≥“π‘ ¿«®⁄©‘∑“π‘. (§“∂“ ˆ˜)
Ú. °“√„™â‡ ’¬ß´È” ™◊ËÕ«à“ Õπÿªª“ – §◊Õ °≈à“«´È”‡ ’¬ß ‡™àπ
π“π“ π“π‘ ¬π“π‘ 𑇫 π“π‘
¿“¿“π‘¿“π‘ √µπ“°√ π⁄π‘¿“π‘
µµ⁄√ÿ ⁄ ‘µ“π‘ √µπ∑⁄∏™¿Ÿ ‘µ“π‘
À‘µ⁄«“ §µ“π‘ À‘¡æ‘π⁄∑ÿ ¡“π‘ µ“π‘. (§“∂“ ÒÛ)
µ∂“§µ®⁄‡©√û¡‚À ‘µ ⁄
µ∂“ À‘ ¡“‚√ªîµ∑“À π⁄µ÷
µ∂“ À‘ ¡“‚√ªî µ∑“À π⁄µ÷
µ∂“ À‘ ¡“û‚√ªî µ∑“ À π⁄µ÷. (§“∂“ ÒÒÙ)
Û. °“√„™â§”´È” ™◊ËÕ«à“ ¬¡° ‡ªìπ°“√‡≈àπ§”∑’Ë¡’‡ ’¬ß´È”‡ªìπ
®—ßÀ«–‡À¡◊Õπ‡ ’¬ß –∑âÕπ ‚¥¬´È”À≈“¬·∫∫ ∑—Èß„πµâπ∫“∑·≈–
ª≈“¬∫“∑ „πª≈“¬∫“∑·≈–µâπ∫“∑ „πª≈“¬∫“∑Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« À√◊Õ
∑—Èߧ“∂“ ‡™àπ
√‡«√‡«‚√û√¿‘¡“√‡«√‡«
√‡«√‡«‡√√‘« ‡¿√‡« √‡«
√‡« √‡« Ÿ∑‘µ§“√‡« √‡«
√‡«û√‡«‡∑ ‘ ™‘‚πû√‡«√‡«. (§“∂“ ÒÒˆ)

9. [7]
ª∑‘µ⁄µ‡§À“ «‘¬ ‡¿√«Ì √«Ì
√«Ì ¡ÿØ˛ü“¬ §‚µ ¡‡À ‘
¡‡À ‘ ¡“‚≈°‘¬ ªÿµ⁄µû¡µ⁄µ‚π
µ‚π ‘ ‚𠇪¡¡‚À¶û¡µ⁄µ‚π. (§“∂“ ˆ¯)
∑‘ ⁄«“π ∑ÿ°⁄¢“π≈ ¡⁄¿«Ì ¿«Ì
°µ⁄«“ µ∑ÿª⁄ª“∑°πß⁄§¿ß⁄§Ì
¬‚ ∏√Ì ªï≥ª‚¬∏√“∏√Ì
À‘µ⁄«“ §‚µ æÿ∑⁄∏æ≈ª⁄ª∑Ì ª∑Ì. (§“∂“ ÒÒÒ)
°“¡∑“µ“ «‘𬓠¡ππ⁄µ§Ÿ
°“¡∑“µ“ «‘𬓠¡ππ⁄µ§Ÿ
°“¡∑“µ“ «‘𬓠¡ππ⁄µ§Ÿ
°“¡∑“µ“ «‘𬓠¡ππ⁄µ§Ÿ. (§“∂“ ÒÒı)
Ù. °“√„™âªØ‘‚≈¡¬¡° §◊Õ §”∑’ËÕà“πÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß‡À¡◊Õπ°—π®“°
´â“¬‰ª¢«“ À√◊ÕÕà“π®“°¢«“‰ª´â“¬ ‡™àπ
π‚¡ µ ⁄ ¬‚µ ¡À‘¡‚µ ¬ ⁄ µ‚¡ π. (∑⓬§“∂“ ˆˆ)
ı. °“√„™â§”∑’Ë¡’‡ ’¬ß欗≠™π–µâπ´È”°—π °«’ —π °ƒµ®–‡ÀÁπ
§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫∫∑°«’ —π °ƒµ„π§“∂“«à“
‚πûπ“π‘‚π π πŸπ“π‘ π“û‡ππ“π‘ πûπ“π‘‚π
πÿπ⁄π“‡ππ“π‘ πŸππ⁄π π“ûπππ⁄π“ûπ‡ππ‚π.(§“∂“ÒÚÛ)

10. [8]
ˆ. °“√„™âªØ‘‚≈¡°– (Palindrome) ‚¥¬„Àâ∫“∑§“∂“À≈—ß ¡’
‡ ’¬ß‡À¡◊Õπ∫“∑Àπâ“ ‡¡◊ËÕÕà“π°≈—∫À≈—ß ¥—ßπ’È
√“™√“™¬‚ ‡ªµ- «‘‡ Ì √®‘µÌ ¡¬“
¬“¡ µÌ ®‘√ ̇ «‘- µ‡ª‚ ¬û™√“û™√“. (§“∂“ ÒÒ¯)
˜. °“√„™â‡ ’¬ß∑’Ë¡’„π∞“π‡¥’¬«°—π¡’°—≥∞∞“π §◊Õ ∞“π≈”§Õ
‡ªìπµâπ≈â«πÊ ‰¡à√–§π°—∫Õ—°…√∞“πÕ◊Ëπ ™◊ËÕ«à“ ¡µ“ §◊Õ °“√„™â
‡ ’¬ß ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ¥â«¬æ¬—≠™π–‡ ’¬ßÕàÕπ‡ªìπµâ𠇙àπ
Õ“°ß⁄¢“°⁄¢ Õ°ß⁄¢“ß⁄§ °ß⁄¢“§ß⁄‚§¶§“À°
°ß⁄¢“§“À°°ß⁄¢“¶ À“À“°ß⁄¢“°ÀÌ°ÀÌ.(§“∂“ÒÒ˘)
„π§“∂“π’È ‡ ’¬ß √– Õ, Õ“ ·≈–‡ ’¬ß À ·≈– ÕÌ ®—¥‡ªìπ‡ ’¬ß‡°‘¥
„π≈”§Õµ“¡√–∫∫ —∑»“ µ√å §◊Õ «‘™“«à“¥â«¬°“√»÷°…“∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß
°“√ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß·≈–°“√‡ª≈à߇ ’¬ß查 (Phonetics) ¢Õߪ“≥‘π‘ §“∂“π’È
¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠ ‡æ√“–∑”„À⇰‘¥‡ ’¬ßÕàÕπ∑’˧≈âÕß®Õß°—π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
¯. °“√ºŸ°∫∑À≈“¬∫∑‡ªìπ∫∑ ¡“ ¬“«Ê ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„À⧔ —Èπ·µà
®ÿ§«“¡¡“° ™◊ËÕ«à“ ‚Õ™§ÿ≥ §◊Õ §«“¡´“∫´÷Èßµ√÷ß„® ‡™àπ
™‘‡ππ⁄∑⁄√¡µ⁄‡µ¿ °ÿ¡⁄¿®“√‘π’
™‘‚π√ “πÌ ¡ÿ¢ªß⁄°™“≈‘π’
√ ⁄«µ’ ‡¡ ¡ÿ¢§æ⁄¿ §æ⁄¿‘π’
√¡µ⁄«û𓬓 ∑µ⁄∂ Ÿ∑π’. (§“∂“ Û)

11. [9]
∑à“πºŸâ·µàߧߵâÕß°“√· ¥ß„Àâª√–®—°…å«à“¿“…“¡§∏π—Èπ “¡“√∂
π”¡“ ◊ËÕ§«“¡‰¥â¥’·≈–„™â„π°“√ª√–æ—π∏åº≈ß“π«√√≥°√√¡„π√Ÿª·∫∫
∑’ËÀ≈“°À≈“¬‰¥â‰¡à¥âÕ¬‰ª°«à“¿“…“ —π °ƒµ®÷߉¥âª√–æ—π∏姓∂“À≈“¬
™π‘¥º ¡°—∫ —∑∑“≈—ß°“√·≈–Õ—µ∂“≈—ß°“√µ“¡À≈—°Õ≈—ß°“√»“ µ√å
àߺ≈„À⧗¡¿’√åπ’ȇÀ¡◊Õπ‡æ™√πÈ”Àπ÷ËߢÕß«√√≥°√√¡√âÕ¬°√Õß∑’Ë
ª√–¡«≈§«“¡¬‘Ëß„À≠à·Ààßæ√–æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥
§—¡¿’√åπ’È¡’§“∂“ Ú˜˘ ∫∑ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ Ú¯ ¿“≥«“√∑’Ëπ—∫‰¥â
ÚÚÙ, 欓ߧå (Ò ¿“≥«“√ = §“∂“ Úı ∫∑ À√◊Õ ¯,
欓ߧå) ®”·π°‡ªìπ§“∂“ ÒÚ ™π‘¥ §◊Õ
Ò. °≈ÿà¡«—µµ– §“∂“ ¯ æ¬“ß§å ¡’ªí∞¬“«—µ‡ªìπµâπ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
¬ ™ ¬ ™ §≥– (Ò Ú Ú, Ò Ú Ò, Ò Ú Ú, Ò Ú Ò) „π欓ߧå∑’Ë ı-˜
¢Õß∫“∑∑—Èß Ù ‡™àπ
«‘ ⁄ ™⁄‡™ ⁄ “¡‘ µÌ “∏ÿ Õ«‘√ÿ∑⁄∏û¡π“°ÿ≈Ì
ÌÀ√‘µ⁄«“ ¬∂“«ÿµ⁄µÌ ¡ÿπ‘π“ ® ¡ÿπ’À‘ ®. (§“∂“ ˘ )
Ú. «‘™™ÿ¡¡“≈“ §“∂“ ¯ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡ ¡ §≥– ·≈–
§√ÿ Ú æ¬“ß§å (Ú Ú Ú, Ú Ú Ú, Ú Ú) ‡™àπ
∑⁄‡∏¬⁄¬“ ‡µ ®‘π⁄‡µ¬⁄¬“ ‡µ
«π⁄‡∑¬⁄¬“ ‡µ ªŸ‡™¬⁄¬“ ‡µ
æÿ∑⁄∏“‚≈°“‚≈‡° ‚≈‡°
™“‡µ‡πµÌ ªµ⁄‡∂π⁄‡µπ. (§“∂“ Ò˜)

12. [10]
Û. Õ‘π∑√«‘‡™’¬√ §“∂“ ÒÒ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ µ µ ™ §≥–
·≈–§√ÿ Ú æ¬“ß§å (Ú Ú Ò, Ú Ú Ò, Ò Ú Ò, Ú Ú) ‡™àπ
‚¬ ¡§⁄§ª ⁄‡ ¡∏ÿ√¡⁄ææ’™Ì
©“¬“º≈µ⁄∂“¬ ¡À“™π“πÌ
‚√‡ªµ‘ µ ⁄¡÷ À‘ ¢‡≥« ‡µπ
©“¬“º‡≈ ªÿê⁄êû¡≈∑⁄∏û¡ÿ∑⁄∏Ì. (§“∂“ ÙÙ)
Ù. Õÿ‡ªπ∑√«‘‡™’¬√ §“∂“ ÒÒ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ™ µ ™ §≥–
·≈–§√ÿ Ú æ¬“ß§å (Ò Ú Ò, Ú Ú Ò, Ò Ú Ò, Ú Ú) ‡™àπ
Õππ⁄µ µ⁄µ“πû¡ππ⁄µ°“‡≈
¡πÌ §‡Àµ⁄«“π ™‘‚µ Õπß⁄‚§
ª√“™‘‚µ πŸπ À‘ ‡Õ°° ⁄
µ∑“ §‚µ ‚ π ªÿ𓧂µ«. (§“∂“ ÒÒÚ)
ı. Õÿª™“µ‘ §“∂“ ÒÒ æ¬“ß§å∑’˺ ¡Õ‘π∑√«‘‡™’¬√·≈–Õÿ‡ªπ∑√-
«‘‡™’¬√ À√◊Õº ¡§“∂“Õ◊ËππÕ°®“°π’È ‡™àπ
¡À“ª√‘®⁄®“§û¡°µ⁄« ªê⁄®
¡⁄‚æ∏‘¡§⁄§Ì Õ«‘√“∏¬π⁄‚µ
‡©µ⁄«“ °‘‡≈‡ ™‘µªê⁄®¡“‚√
æÿ∑⁄‚∏ ¿«‘ ⁄ “¡‘ Õ𓧇µ ÿ. (§“∂“ Ú˜Ò)
ˆ. «—ß —Ø∞– §“∂“ ÒÚ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ™ µ ™ √ §≥–
(Ò Ú Ò, Ú Ú Ò, Ò Ú Ò, Ú Ò Ú) ‡™àπ

13. [11]
™‘‡ππ⁄∑⁄√¡µ⁄‡µ¿ °ÿ¡⁄¿®“√‘π’
™‘‚π√ “πÌ ¡ÿ¢ªß⁄°™“≈‘π’
√ ⁄«µ’ ‡¡ ¡ÿ¢§æ⁄¿ §æ⁄¿‘π’
√¡µ⁄«û𓬓 ∑µ⁄∂ Ÿ∑π’. (§“∂“ Û)
˜. ‚µØ°§“∂“ §“∂“ ÒÚ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ §≥–
(Ò Ò Ú, Ò Ò Ú, Ò Ò Ú, Ò Ò Ú) ‡™àπ
¿™‘µÌ ®™‘µÌ ª«πÌ ¿«πÌ
™À‘µÌ §À‘µÌ ¡≈Ì Õ¡≈Ì
ÿ§µÌ Õ§µÌ ÿ§µ÷ Õ§µ÷
π¡‘µÌ Õ¡‘µÌ π¡µ’ ÿ¡µ’. (§“∂“ Ò˘Ù)
¯. « —𵥑≈° §“∂“ ÒÙ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ µ ¿ ™ ™ §≥–
·≈–§√ÿ Ú æ¬“ß§å (Ú Ú Ò, Ú Ò‹ Ò, Ò Ú Ò, Ò Ú Ò, Ú Ú) ‡™àπ
‚ “§‡√ ™≈∏‘°Ì √ÿ∏‘√Ì Õ∑“ ‘
¿Ÿ¡÷ ª√“™‘¬ ¡Ì ¡∑“ ‘ ∑“πÌ
‡¡√ÿª⁄ª¡“≥¡∏‘°ê⁄® ‚¡Ãî ’ Ì
‡¢ µ“√°“∏‘°µ√Ì π¬πÌ Õ∑“ ‘. (§“∂“ Ùˆ)
˘. ¡“≈‘π’ §“∂“ Òı æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ π π ¡ ¬ ¬ §≥–
(Ò Ò Ò, Ò Ò Ò, Ú Ú‹ Ú, Ò Ú Ú, Ò Ú Ú) ‡™àπ
Õ‘µ‘ «‘µµû¡ππ⁄µÌ °‘µ⁄µ‘ ¡⁄¿“√ “√Ì
°≈∑ À ⁄ ’‚≈°∏“µÿ¡⁄À‘ π‘®⁄®Ì

14. [12]
Õÿª®‘µ ÿ¿‡ÀµÿÌ ª ⁄ µ“ππ⁄µ°“≈Ì
µ∑‘∏ ÿ§µ‚æ∏Ì “∏ÿ°Ì ®‘π⁄µπ’¬Ì. (§“∂“ Úˆ)
Ò. ¡—π∑—°°—𵓠§“∂“ Ò˜ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡ ¿ π µ µ
§≥– ·≈–§√ÿ Ú æ¬“ß§å (Ú Ú Ú, Ú Ò Ò, Ò Ò Ò, Ú Ú Ò, Ú Ú Ò,
Ú Ú) ‡™àπ
ª“‡∑ûª“‡∑ «≈¬«‘√«“ ‡¡¢≈“«’≥π“∑“
§’µÌû§’µÌ ªµ‘√µ‘°√Ì §“¬µ’ §“¬µ’û “
Àµ⁄‡∂ûÀµ⁄‡∂ «≈¬®≈‘µ“ ¡⁄¿¡Ì ¡⁄¿¡π⁄µ’
∑‘ ⁄«“û∑‘ ⁄«“ Õ‘µ‘ √µ‘°√Ì ¬“µ‘ À“ À“ °‘¡’À“. (§“∂“ ˘ı)
ÒÒ. —∑∑Ÿ≈«‘°°’Ãîµ– §“∂“ Ò˘ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡ ™
µ µ §≥– ·≈–§√ÿ Ú æ¬“ß§å (Ú Ú Ú, Ò Ò Ú, Ò Ú Ò, Ò Ò Ú,
Ú Ú Ò, Ú Ú Ò, Ú Ú) ‡™àπ
™“‚µ ‚¬ π«‡¡ ¢‡≥ ÿµ∏‚√ ’‡≈π ÿ∑⁄∏‘π⁄∑⁄√‘‚¬
Ì “√Ì ¿¬‚µ ¿«°⁄¢¬°√Ì ∑‘ ⁄«“ ‘«Ì ‡¢¡‚µ
µÌ ¡⁄ª“∑°¡§⁄§‡∑ °¡ÿπ÷ ¡⁄ªŸ™¬π⁄‚µ µ‚µ
æÿ∑⁄∏“πÿ ⁄ µ‘¿“«π“∑‘°¡‚µ ¡⁄ª“∑‡¬ µÌ ‘«Ì. (§“∂“ ˆ‹)
ÒÚ. —∑∏√“ §“∂“ ÚÒ æ¬“ß§å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡ √ ¿ π ¬ ¬ ¬
§≥– (Ú Ú Ú, Ò Ú Ò, Ú Ò Ò, Ò Ò Ò, Ò Ú Ú, Ò Ú Ú, Ò Ú Ú)
‡™àπ
‚¬ ‚≈°µ⁄∂“¬ æÿ∑⁄‚∏ ∏π ÿµ¿√‘¬“Õß⁄§™’«Ì ®™‘µ⁄«“
ªŸ‡√µ⁄«“ ª“√¡‘‚¬ µ‘∑ û¡πÿª‡¡ ‚æ∏‘ª°⁄¢‘¬∏¡⁄‡¡

15. [13]
ªµ⁄«“ ‚æ∏÷ «‘ ÿ∑⁄∏Ì °≈§ÿ≥∑∑Ì ‡ Ø˛ü¿Ÿ‚µ µ‘‚≈‡°
°µ⁄«“ ∑ÿ°⁄¢ ⁄ Õπ⁄µÌ °µ ÿ¿™πµÌ ∑ÿ°⁄¢‚µ ‚¡®¬‘µ⁄∂.
(§“∂“ Ù)
§—¡¿’√åπ’È¡’§—¡¿’√åÕ∏‘∫“¬‡ªìπ¿“…“∫“≈’ Ú ©∫—∫ §◊Õ
Ò. ™‘π“≈—ß°“√«√√≥π“ À√◊Õ™‘π“≈—ß°“√Æ’°“·µàß‚¥¬æ√–æÿ∑∏-
√—°¢‘µ–‡æ◊ËÕÕ∏‘∫“¬»—æ∑嬓° ‚¥¬∑à“πºŸâ√®π“‰¥âµ—¥∫∑ π∏‘·≈–· ¥ß
√Ÿª«‘‡§√“–Àå¢Õߧ”»—æ∑剫âÕ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ·≈–πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¬—ßÕ∏‘∫“¬
À≈—°∏√√¡∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß‚¥¬π”‡π◊ÈÕÀ“®“°§—¡¿’√åÕ√√∂°∂“À≈“¬©∫—∫¡“
ª√–¡«≈‰«â‡æ◊ËÕª√–‡∑◊Õߪí≠≠“·°àºŸâ π„®
§—¡¿’√åπ’ȉ¥â√—∫°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå„πæ.».ÚÙ¯Û‚¥¬‚√ßæ‘¡æå ÿ∏√√¡«µ’
¬à“ß°ÿâß §≥–ºŸâµ√«®™”√–¡’À—«Àπⓧ≥–™◊ËÕ ¬“≠“≥ (Õ“®“√¬å≠“≥)
∑à“πºŸâπ’ȇªìπ™“« ‘ßÀ≈∑’ˉª∫«™‡√’¬π∑’Ëæ¡à“µ—Èß·µàÕ“¬ÿ ÒÚ ªï ≥ «—¥
™‡«À—ß “ ( ÿæ√√≥Àß å) ®—ßÀ«—¥¬Õß‚¥ß µàÕ¡“≈“ ‘°¢“·≈â«∑”ß“π
Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë°√¡°“√»“ π“æ¡à“ (ªí®®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ°√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬·≈–°“√
»“ π“) ‰¥â™”√–§—¡¿’√å®”π«π¡“°‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß°—∫©∫—∫ ‘ßÀ≈ ·≈–
¡’§«“¡‡™’ˬ«™“≠„π¿“…“∫“≈’Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫·π«Àπâ“¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ‡ªìπ
ºŸâª√–æ—π∏å§”π”¿“…“∫“≈’¢Õßæ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° ©∫—∫©—Ø∞ —ߧ’µ‘
Ú. ™‘π“≈—ß°“√∑’ªπ’ À√◊Õ§ÿÃÀ—µ∂∑’ªπ’·µàß‚¥¬æ√–Õÿªµ‘ –„π
¡—¬Õ—ß«–§—¡¿’√åπ’Ȭ—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π©∫—∫„∫≈“π‡∑à“π—Èπ¡’°≈à“«∂÷ß„π©∫—∫π‘ —¬
·≈–©∫—∫·ª≈Õ—ß°ƒ…«à“∑à“πºŸâ·ª≈‰¥â𔧗¡¿’√åπ’È¡“‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß°—∫µâπ
©∫—∫™‘π“≈—ß°“√Õ’°¥â«¬

16. [14]
§—¡¿’√åπ’È¡’π‘ —¬·ª≈æ¡à“©∫—∫‡¥’¬«§◊Õ™‘π“≈—ß°“√π‘ —¬√®π“
‚¥¬æ√–π—π∑¡“≈“(æ¡à“‡√’¬°«à“‚´ß∂“ ¬“¥Õ)„πæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ÚÛÒ˘
∑à“πºŸâ·µà߇ªìπæ√– —߶√“™„π√—™ ¡—¬æ√–‡®â“ ‘Èπ°Ÿ(æ.».ÚÛÒ˘-ÚÛÚÙ)
‰¥â√—∫æ√–√“™∑“π ¡≥»—°¥‘Ï Û µ”·Àπàß §◊Õ π√‘π∑“¿‘∏™¡À“∏√√¡-
√“™“∏‘√“™§ÿ√ÿ π√‘π∑“¿‘ ‘√‘ —∑∏√√¡∏™¡À“∏√√¡√“™“∏‘√“™§ÿ√ÿ ·≈–
µ‘ªîØ°“≈—ß°“√ —∑∏√√¡ “¡‘¡À“∏√√¡√“™“∏‘√“™§ÿ√ÿ
∑à“πºŸâª√–æ—π∏姗¡¿’√åπ‘ —¬µ—Èß„®™”√–∫“≈’„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈–·ª≈
§”µàÕ§”µ“¡·∫∫¢Õߧ—¡¿’√åπ‘ —¬ Õ’°∑—ÈßÕ∏‘∫“¬À≈—°¿“…“·≈–À≈—°
∏√√¡µ“¡∑’Ë°≈à“«‰«â„π§—¡¿’√åÆ’°“ ·¡â§—¡¿’√åπ’È®–·µàß¡“ Õß√âÕ¬°«à“ªï
·≈â«°Á¬—߇À¡“– ¡„™âÕâ“ßÕ‘ß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π§—¡¿’√åπ’È¡’°“√®—¥æ‘¡æå§√—Èß≈à“ ÿ¥
„π æ.». ÚıÙ˘ ‚¥¬æ√– ÿπ—π∑– «—¥™‡«°Ÿ ®—ßÀ«—¥‚¡°ÿµ ‡ªìπºŸâ®—¥æ‘¡æå
‡º¬·æ√à‡ªìπ∏√√¡∑“π Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡π◊ËÕߥ⫬§—¡¿’√噑π“≈—ß°“√
„™â»—æ∑å∑’ˇ¢â“„®¬“°·≈–∑à“πºŸâ·ª≈°Á¡‘‰¥â‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß°—∫©∫—∫ ‘ßÀ≈∑”„Àâ
¡’¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√®“√„∫≈“π¡“™â“π“π·≈– àߺ≈„Àâ·ª≈
‰¡àµ√ßµ“¡§—¡¿’√åÆ’°“∫â“ß„π∫“ß∑’ËÕ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡§—¡¿’√åπ’È¡’§“∂“Ú˜˘
∫∑µ√ß°—∫§—¡¿’√åÆ’°“
à«π©∫—∫·ª≈¿“…“‰∑¬¡’ Ú ©∫—∫ §◊Õ
Ò. ©∫—∫«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“Õ—°…√»“ µ√å¡À“∫—≥±‘µ ¢Õß
π“ß “««—≈≈’¬å¿‘ߧ“√«—≤πå´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß°“√»÷°…“µ“¡À≈—° Ÿµ√
ª√‘≠≠“Õ—°…√»“ µ√å¡À“∫—≥±‘µ ·ºπ°«‘™“µ–«—πÕÕ° ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥-

17. [15]
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ æ.». ÚıÚÚ ©∫—∫π’È¡’§“∂“ Ú˜Ò ∫∑ ‚¥¬‡Àµÿ∑’˺Ÿâ·ª≈
π”©∫—∫„∫≈“π¢Õ߉∑¬¡“™”√–‚¥¬¡‘‰¥â‡∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß°—∫©∫—∫æ¡à“·≈–
©∫—∫ ‘ßÀ≈ ®÷ß¡’≈”¥—∫§“∂“‰¡àµ√ß°—∫©∫—∫æ¡à“·≈–©∫—∫¡À“®ÿÓœ
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¡’∫“ߧ“∂“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·≈–¢“¥À“¬‰ªÀ≈“¬ ‘∫§“∂“®“°∑’Ë
ª√“°Ø„π§—¡¿’√åÆ’°“
Ú. ©∫—∫§—¡¿’√噑π“≈—ß°“√Æ’°“·ª≈ ‚¥¬Õ“®“√¬å√—ß…’ ÿ∑πµå
·≈–§≥– ©∫—∫π’ȉ¥â·ª≈µâπ©∫—∫™‘π“≈—ß°“√·≈–™‘π“≈—ß°“√Æ’°“‰ª
æ√âÕ¡Ê °—π ·µà¡‘‰¥âÕ∏‘∫“¬√“°»—æ∑宓°µâπ©∫—∫‰«â
”À√—∫©∫—∫·ª≈„À¡à§√—Èßπ’È ºŸâ·ª≈®÷ߢÕ𔇠πÕ‡ªìπÕ’°
”π«πÀπ÷Ëß‚¥¬Õ“»—¬§—¡¿’√åπ‘ —¬¢Õßæ√–π—π∑¡“≈“‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π
°“√·ª≈ æ√âÕ¡∑—È߇∑’¬∫‡§’¬ß∫“≈’®“°©∫—∫æ¡à“∑’˪√‘«√√µ¡“®“°
©∫—∫ ‘ßÀ≈®—¥æ‘¡æå„πæ.».ÚÙ¯Û,©∫—∫¡À“®ÿÓœ®—¥æ‘¡æå„πæ.».
ÚıÙı, ©∫—∫«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“Õ—°…√»“ µ√å¡À“∫—≥±‘µ ·≈–
©∫—∫π‘ —¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‰¥âµ√«®¥Ÿ§”Õ∏‘∫“¬®“°§—¡¿’√噑π“≈—ß°“√Æ’°“
Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ Õ’°∑—È߉¥â‡æ‘Ë¡¿“§ºπ«°∑⓬‡≈ࡇæ◊ËÕª√–‡∑◊Õߪí≠≠“
∑à“πºŸâÕà“π∑’Ë π„®À≈—°¿“…“·≈–À≈—°∏√√¡
πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—߉¥â‡æ‘Ë¡§”·ª≈¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ™‘π“≈—ß°“√
(JINÂLANÌKÂRA) ¢Õß JAMES GRAY ´÷Ëß®—¥æ‘¡æå„π §.». Ò˘¯Ò
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18. [16]
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19. [17]
‰«â‡ªìπ ¡∫—µ‘„π∫«√æ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“ ¢Õ„Àâ∑ÿ°∑à“π∑’ˉ¥â∫”‡æÁ≠∫ÿ≠
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ÚÙ ‡¡…“¬π ÚııÚ
www.wattamaoh@com
tamaoh24@gmail.com

20. [18]
æ√–«‘𗬪îÆ°
«‘. ¡À“«‘. «‘π¬ªîØ° ¡À“«‘¿ß⁄§
«‘. ¿‘°⁄¢ÿπ’. «‘π¬ªîØ° ¿‘°⁄¢ÿπ’«‘¿ß⁄§
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«‘. ª. «‘π¬ªîØ° ª√‘«“√«§⁄§
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∑’. ’. ∑’¶π‘°“¬ ’≈°⁄¢π⁄∏«§⁄§
∑’. ¡À“. ∑’¶π‘°“¬ ¡À“«§⁄§
∑’. ª“. ∑’¶π‘°“¬ ª“Ø‘°«§⁄§
¡. ¡Ÿ. ¡™⁄¨‘¡π‘°“¬ ¡Ÿ≈ª≥⁄≥“
¡. ¡. ¡™⁄¨‘¡π‘°“¬ ¡™⁄¨‘¡ª≥⁄≥“
¡. Õÿ. ¡™⁄¨‘¡π‘°“¬ Õÿª√‘ª≥⁄≥“
Ì. . ̬ÿµ⁄µπ‘°“¬ §“∂«§⁄§
Ì. π‘. ̬ÿµ⁄µπ‘°“¬ π‘∑“π«§⁄§
Ì. ¢. ̬ÿµ⁄µπ‘°“¬ ¢π⁄∏«§⁄§
Ì. Ó. ̬ÿµ⁄µπ‘°“¬ Ó¬µπ«§⁄§
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Õß⁄. ªê⁄®°. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ ªê⁄®°π‘ª“µ
Õß⁄. ©°⁄°. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ ©°⁄°π‘ª“µ
Õß⁄. µ⁄µ°. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ µ⁄µ°π‘ª“µ
Õß⁄. ÕØ˛ü°. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ ÕØ˛ü°π‘ª“µ
Õß⁄. π«°. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ π«°π‘ª“µ
Õß⁄. ∑ °. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ ∑ °π‘ª“µ
Õß⁄. ‡Õ°“∑ °. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬
‡Õ°“∑ °π‘ª“µ
¢ÿ. ¢ÿ. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°ª“ü
¢ÿ. ∏. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ∏¡⁄¡ª∑
¢ÿ. Õÿ. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ Õÿ∑“π
¢ÿ. Õ‘µ‘. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ Õ‘µ‘«ÿµ⁄µ°
¢ÿ. ÿ. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ÿµ⁄µπ‘ª“µ
¢ÿ. «‘. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ «‘¡“π«µ⁄∂ÿ
¢ÿ. ‡ª. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ‡ªµ«µ⁄∂ÿ
¢ÿ. ‡∂√. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ‡∂√§“∂“
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¢ÿ. ªØ‘. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ªØ‘ ¡⁄¿‘∑“¡§⁄§
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¢ÿ. æÿ∑⁄∏. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ æÿ∑⁄∏«Ì
¢ÿ. ®√‘¬“ ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ®√‘¬“ªîØ°
‡πµ⁄µ‘. ‡πµ⁄µ‘ª°√≥
¡‘≈‘π⁄∑. ¡‘≈‘π⁄∑ªê⁄À
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(æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° = ‡≈à¡/¢âÕ/Àπâ“, Õ√√∂°∂“·≈–Æ’°“ = ‡≈à¡/Àπâ“)

21. [19]
æ√–Õ¿‘∏√√¡ªîÆ°
Õ¿‘. ∏. Õ¿‘∏¡⁄¡ªîØ° ∏¡⁄¡ ß⁄§≥’
Õ¿‘. «‘. Õ¿‘∏¡⁄¡ªîØ° «‘¿ß⁄§
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Õ¿‘. ªÿ. Õ¿‘∏¡⁄¡ªîØ° ªÿ§⁄§≈ªê⁄êµ⁄µ‘
Õ¿‘. °. Õ¿‘∏¡⁄¡ªîØ° °∂“«µ⁄∂ÿ
Õ¿‘. ¬. Õ¿‘∏¡⁄¡ªîØ° ¬¡°
Õ¿‘. ª. Õ¿‘∏¡⁄¡ªîØ° ªØ˛ü“π
§—¡¿’√åÕ√√∂°∂“
«‘. Õ. «‘π¬ªîØ° ÕØ˛ü°∂“
∑’. Õ. ∑’¶π‘°“¬ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
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Ì. Õ. ̬ÿµ⁄µπ‘°“¬ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
Õß⁄. Õ. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
¢ÿ. Õ. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑°π‘°“¬ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
∏¡⁄¡. Õ. ∏¡⁄¡ª∑ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
Õÿ∑“π. Õ. Õÿ∑“π ÕØ˛ü°∂“
Õ‘µ‘«ÿµ⁄.Õ. Õ‘µ‘«ÿµ⁄µ° ÕØ˛ü°∂“
ÿµ⁄µπ‘. Õ. ÿµ⁄µπ‘ª“µ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
«‘¡“π. Õ. «‘¡“π«µ⁄∂ÿ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
‡ªµ. Õ. ‡ªµ«µ⁄∂ÿ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
‡∂√. Õ. ‡∂√§“∂“ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
‡∂√’. Õ. ‡∂√’§“∂“ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
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¡À“π‘. Õ. ¡À“π‘∑⁄‡∑ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
®ŸÃπ‘. Õ. ®ŸÃπ‘∑⁄‡∑ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
ªØ‘ Ì. Õ. ªØ‘ ¡⁄¿‘∑“¡§⁄§ ÕØ˛ü°∂“
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æÿ∑⁄∏«Ì. Õ. æÿ∑⁄∏«Ì ÕØ˛ü°∂“
®√‘¬“. Õ. ®√‘¬“ªîØ° ÕØ˛ü°∂“
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“√µ⁄∂. “√µ⁄∂∑’ªπ’
«‘¡µ‘. «‘¡µ‘«‘‚π∑π’
°ß⁄¢“. Ø’. °ß⁄¢“«‘µ√≥’Ø’°“
°ß⁄¢“. π«Ø’. °ß⁄¢“«‘µ√≥’Õ¿‘π«Ø’°“
∑’. Ø’. ∑’¶π‘°“¬ Ø’°“
’. Ø’. ’≈°⁄¢π⁄∏«§⁄§ Õ¿‘π«Ø’°“
¡. Ø’. ¡™⁄¨‘¡π‘°“¬ Ø’°“
Ì. Ø’. ̬ÿµ⁄µπ‘°“¬ Ø’°“
Õß⁄. Ø’. Õß⁄§ÿµ⁄µ√π‘°“¬ Ø’°“
«‘ ÿ∑⁄∏‘. Ø’ «‘ ÿ∑⁄∏‘¡§⁄§¡À“Ø’°“
¡≥‘¡ê⁄™Ÿ. ¡≥‘ “√¡ê⁄™Ÿ “
¢ÿ∑⁄∑. Ø’. ¢ÿ∑⁄∑ ‘°⁄¢“Ø’°“

22. Û¯. ‚ ∑ÿ°⁄¢¢‘π⁄π™π∑ ⁄ π∑ÿ°⁄¢¢‘π⁄‚π
°“√ÿê⁄êû‡¡« ™πµ“¬ Õ°“ ‘ π‘®⁄®Ì
‡µ Ì À‘ ‚¡®πû¡ÿª“¬û¡‘∑π⁄µ‘ êµ⁄«“
µ“∑’ûª√“∏û¡ªî Õµ⁄µπ‘ ‚√ª¬’ ‚ .
æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…π—Èπ∑√ß≈”∫“°¥â«¬§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å„®‡æ√“–
‡ÀÁπ™“«‚≈°√–∑¡∑ÿ°¢å ‰¥â°√–∑”§«“¡°“√ÿ≥¬å„π¡«≈™π
‡ªìπ𑵬å æ√–Õߧ废â§ß∑’Ë∑√ß∑√“∫«à“§«“¡Õ¥∑ππ’ȇªìπ∑“ß
ª≈¥‡ª≈◊ÈÕß™π‡À≈à“π—Èπ ®÷߬ա‡æ‘Ë¡∑ÿ°¢å‰«â„πµπ

23. “√∫—≠
§”Õπÿ‚¡∑π“ [Ò-Ú]
§”π” [Û-Ò˜]
Õ—°…√¬àÕ§—¡¿’√å [Ò¯-Ò˘]
«®π“√¡⁄‚¿ [ÚÛ]
æ®π“√¡¿å [ÚÙ]
§“∂“· ¥ß§«“¡πÕ∫πâÕ¡ (Ò) Ò
°ÿ≈∫ÿµ√ºâŸ‡ªìπ‚¬§“«®√ (ˆ) ˆ
§“∂“™”√–‡√◊ËÕß (¯) ¯
æÿ∑∏‡¢µ Û (ÒÛ) ÒÛ
Õ “∏“√≥≠“≥ (Ò˘) Ò¯
Õ¿‘π‘À“√„π°“≈°àÕπ (Úˆ) ÚÙ
°“√欓°√≥å (Ûˆ) ÛÙ
‚æ∏‘ ¡¿“√ (Û¯) Ûˆ
°“√À¬—Ëß≈ß àŸæ√–§√√¿å (Ù¯) Ùı
¡ß§≈¢Õßæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«åºâŸª√– Ÿµ‘·≈â« (ıÛ) Ù¯
¡∫—µ‘¢Õßæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«å (ˆÛ) ı˜
°“√∫”‡æÁ≠‡æ’¬√Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„À≠à (ˆ˜) ˆ
- Õ—∏¬“»—¬„π‡π°¢—¡¡–¢Õßæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«å (˜) ˆÛ
- §“∂“· ¥ß§«“¡Õ—»®√√¬å°“√¬°æ√–∫“∑ (¯Û) ˜ˆ
- §“∂“· ¥ß°“√‡ ¥Á®‰ª‚¥¬‰¡à‡ ¥Á®°≈—∫¡“Õ’° (˘ˆ) ¯˘
- °“√µ—¥„®®“°§«“¡√—° (Òı) ˘¯
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡æ¬—≠™π–∞“π‡¥’¬« (ÒÒ˘) ÒÒÒ

24. [22]
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡æ¬—≠™π– Õß∞“π (ÒÚ) ÒÒÒ
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡æ¬—≠™π– “¡∞“π (ÒÚÒ) ÒÒÚ
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡æ¬—≠™π– ’Ë∞“π (ÒÚÚ) ÒÒÚ
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡ π Õ—°…√ (ÒÚÛ) ÒÒÛ
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡ ·≈– √ Õ—°…√ (ÒÚÙ) ÒÒÛ
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡ ∑ « ·≈– π Õ—°…√ (ÒÚı) ÒÒÙ
- §“∂“™ÿ¡πÿ¡ ∑ « ·≈– π Õ—°…√ (ÒÚˆ) ÒÒÙ
- §“∂“· ¥ß§”ª√‘»π“ (ÒÚ˜) ÒÒı
- §“∂“· ¥ß‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˉ¡àæ÷ß ß —¬ (ÒÚ¯) ÒÒˆ
- °“√∑”≈“¬°“¡°‘‡≈ ¿“¬„π (ÒÚ˘) ÒÒ˜
°“√ª√“∫¡“√ (ÒÛÙ) ÒÚÚ
°“√µ√— √⟠(ÒˆÛ) ÒÛ¯
‡∑ π“≠“≥ (Ò˘ı) Òıˆ
ª“Ø‘À“√‘¬å Û (Ò˘˜) Òı¯
æ√–æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥ ˘ (Ò˘˘) Òˆ
°“√∫Ÿ™“æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ (ÚÒ) Ò˜Ò
§“∂“· ¥ß§«“¡ª√“√∂π“ (ÚˆÛ) Ò˘¯
§“∂“≈ß∑⓬ (Ú˜Ú) Ú˜
¿“§ºπ«°
§”Õ∏‘∫“¬™‘π“≈—ß°“√ ÚÒı
‡™‘ßÕ√√∂ Û¯
π‘§¡πÌ ÛÒÛ
§”≈ß∑⓬ ÛÒÙ
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ ÛÒı
ª√–«—µ‘·≈–º≈ß“π¢Õßæ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å ÛÒ¯

25. «®π“√¡⁄‚¿
Ò. ∑⁄∏¡⁄¡™≈‘‚µ æÿ∑⁄‚∏ 擵⁄µ÷ «√≈°⁄¢‚≥
§≥ÿµ⁄µ¡ ¡ÿ‡ª‚µ ü“µÿ ™⁄™π¡“π‡ .
Ú. Õ“§µ“§¡ µ⁄‡∂π ∑⁄∏¡⁄¡ “√§“À‘π“
æÿ∑⁄∏√°⁄¢‘µµ⁄‡∂‡√π ™‘µ¡“√Ì ª Ì ‘µÿÌ.
Û. °‚µ ‚¬ ™‘π“≈ß⁄°“‚√ ∏’√“¿‘∏’√«≥⁄≥‘‚µ
§ÿ≥ ê⁄®¬§π⁄∏Ø˛‚ü ‚Àµ‘ °√≥⁄± π⁄π‘‚¿.
Ù. ‚ ‚Õ™“∑‘ ¡“¬ÿµ⁄‚µ ª µ⁄‚∂ ¡∏ÿ π⁄π‘‚¿
∑“ “√µ⁄∂ ê⁄êÿµ⁄‚µ À“‡ µ‘ °«‘¡“π Ì.
ı. Õµ⁄∂æ⁄¬“¢⁄¬“ ¡¬“ µ ⁄ °¬⁄¬‡µ À‘µ°“¡µ“
∏¡⁄¡π‘®⁄©¬“ ‡®µ⁄∂ ∑⁄∑π‘®⁄©¬“ µ∂“.
ˆ. “ ‡¡ ‡À ⁄ µ‘ Õµ⁄∂“¬ À‘µ“¬ ® À‘‡µ ‘πÌ
«‘™⁄™µ⁄∂‘°“πÌ ¡⁄æÿ∑⁄∏- “ π ⁄ ® «ÿ∑⁄∏‘¬“.
§π⁄∏ “√“¿‘«Ì‚
Ò
§”«à“ Õ“§µ“§¡ µ⁄‡∂π ª√–°Õ∫√Ÿª»—æ∑å¡“®“° Õ“§µ (¡“∂÷ß, ‡™’ˬ«™“≠) +
Õ“§¡ (ª√‘¬—µ‘) + µ⁄∂ (§—¡¿’√å) ·¡â§”«à“ µ⁄∂ ®–À¡“¬∂÷ߧ—¡¿’√å‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ·µà
„π∑’Ëπ’ÈÀ¡“¬∂÷ߧ—¡¿’√å —π °ƒµπÕ°®“°§—¡¿’√åΩÉ“¬»“ π“ °“√„™â§”„π≈—°…≥–π’È
‡ªìπ ”π«π∑“ß¿“…“∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ª“√‘‡ π—¬ §◊Õ π—¬∑’ËÀ¡“¬‡Õ“ ‘Ëß∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ®“° ‘Ëß
∑’Ë°≈à“«‰«â√à«¡°—π ¥—ß§”«à“ ‚§æ≈‘æ∑⁄∑ («—«·≈–«—«¡’°”≈—ß) §”«à“ ‚§ „π∑’Ëπ’È
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°—∫«—«¡’°”≈—ß

26. [24]
æ®π“√¡¿å
Ò. æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ºŸâ∑√ßæ√–«√≈—°…≥å ÛÚ ∑√ß√ÿàß‚√®πå¥â«¬
æ√– —∑∏√√¡ ·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â«¬À¡Ÿà ß¶åºŸâ Ÿß ÿ¥ ®ß ∂‘µÕ¬Ÿà„π¥«ß®‘µ¢Õß
“∏ÿ™π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬
Ú-Û. æ√–æÿ∑∏√—°¢‘µ‡∂√–ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠ª√‘¬—µ‘·≈–§—¡¿’√å —π °ƒµ
ºŸâ∂◊Õ‡Õ“·°àπ “√·Ààßæ√– —∑∏√√¡ ‰¥âª√–æ—π∏姗¡¿’√噑π“≈—ß°“√´÷Ëß
∫—≥±‘µºŸâ¬‘Ëß°«à“∫—≥±‘µ √√‡ √‘≠·≈â« ‡ª√’¬∫¥—ËߺÕ∫„ à¢ÕßÀÕ¡§◊Õ
§ÿ≥∏√√¡Õ—π„À≠àÀ≈«ß ‡æ◊ËÕ √√‡ √‘≠æ√–æÿ∑∏Õߧ废â∑√ß™π–¡“√·≈â«
Ù. §—¡¿’√åπ—Èπ°Õª√¥â«¬Õ≈—ß°“√¡’‚Õ™§ÿ≥‡ªìπµâππà“æ÷ß„®‡À¡◊Õπ
πÈ”º÷Èß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡π◊ÈÕ§«“¡Õ—π‡ªìπ·°àπ “√ ¬àÕ¡¬—ß®‘µ¢Õß°«’„Àâ
™◊Ëπ™¡‡ªìπ𑵬å
ı. ¢â“懮⓺ŸâÀ«—ߪ√–‚¬™π凰◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈®–ª√–æ—π∏姗¡¿’√å·ª≈¢Õß
§—¡¿’√噑π“≈—ß°“√π—Èπ æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬§”«‘π‘®©—¬À≈—°∏√√¡ ·≈–§”«‘π‘®©—¬
»—æ∑å„π§—¡¿’√åπ’È
ˆ. §—¡¿’√å¢Õߢâ“懮â“π—Èπ®—°‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™π凰◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈·°à
ºŸâÀ«—ߪ√–‚¬™πå∑’˪√“√∂𓧫“¡√Ÿâ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡‡®√‘≠√ÿà߇√◊Õß·Ààß
æ√–»“ π“
æ√–§—π∏ “√“¿‘«ß»å

27. [25]
™‘π“≈—ß°“√
§—¡¿’√å· ¥ß‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫æ√–™‘π‡®â“

28. Û˘. ∑“π“∑‘‡π°«√ª“√¡‘ “§‡√ ÿ
‚Õ§“Ã⁄Àµ“¬ªî ª∑ÿØ˛ü™‡ππ ∑‘π⁄πÌ
∑ÿ°⁄¢Ì µ∂“ Õµ‘¡Àπ⁄µµ√Ìªî °‘ê⁄®‘
π“ê⁄ê“ ‘ µ⁄µÀ‘µ‡¡« §‡« ¬π⁄‚µ.
æ√–Õߧå∑√ß· «ßÀ“ª√–‚¬™π凰◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈·°à‡À≈à“ —µ«å
Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ¡‘‰¥â§”π÷ß∂÷ß∑ÿ°¢å‰√Ê ·¡â®–„À≠àÀ≈«ß¬‘Ëß∑’Ë™πºâŸ
ª√–∑ÿ…√⓬¡Õ∫„Àâ ‡æ√“–æ√–Õߧ剥⮡≈ß„π “§√·Ààß
∫“√¡’Õ—π Ÿß àß ¡’∑“π∫“√¡’‡ªìπµâπ¡“°‡ªìπÕ‡π°

29. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 1
Ò. ÿ¢ê⁄® ∑ÿ°⁄¢Ì ¡µ“¬ÿ‡ª°⁄¢Ì
‡π«‘®⁄©‘ ‚¬ °“¡û¡°“¡π’µÌ
Õ ß⁄¢µÌ ß⁄¢µ ¡⁄¿«Ì ¿«Ì
À‘µ⁄«“ §‚µ µÌ ÿ§µÌ π¡“¡‘.
æ√– ÿ§µæ√–Õߧ儥‰¡à∑√ߪ√“√∂π“ ÿ¢ ∑ÿ°¢å ·≈–Õÿ‡∫°¢“[∑’Ë
∫√√≈ÿ]¥â«¬§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈ ‰¡à∑√ߪ√“√∂π“ ¡∫—µ‘Õ—πµ—≥À“™—°®Ÿß‰¥â·≈–
™—°®Ÿß‰¡à‰¥â ‰¡à∑√ߪ√“√∂π“ ¡∫—µ‘Õ—π‡°‘¥®“°∏√√¡∑’Ë¡’·≈–‰¡à¡’
ªí®®—¬ª√ÿß·µàß ∑√ß≈–«“߉ª·≈â« ¢â“懮ⓢÕπ¡— °“√æ√– ÿ§µ
æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ
The Tathâgata, desiring neither happiness nor misery nor
equanimity acquired by means of the Middle Way, nor any
possessionwhetherconditionedorunconditionedbyattachment
orbyanycause,I(Buddharakkhita)payhonourtothatTathâgata,
who renounced all those things.

30. 2 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ú. ¬ê⁄®“πÿ¿ÿµ⁄«“ π ™√“¡√“ ÿÌ
‡¬ ®“πÿ¿ÿµ⁄«“ π ™√“¡√“ ÿÌ
µÌ ‡µ π¡‘µ⁄«“π §ÿ≥≥⁄≥« ⁄
«≥⁄‡≥π ªŸ‡√¡‘ ¡π≥⁄≥« ⁄ .
∑«¬‡∑æ·≈–¡πÿ…¬å‡ «¬∏√√¡„¥·≈⫉¡à·°à‰¡àµ“¬ Õ’°∑—Èßæ√–
Õ√‘¬–‡À≈à“„¥‡ «¬∏√√¡π—Èπ·≈⫉¡à·°à‰¡àµ“¬ ¢â“懮ⓠ(ºŸâ™◊ËÕ«à“æ√–
æÿ∑∏√—°¢‘µ–) ¢Õπ¡— °“√æ√–∏√√¡·≈–æ√–Õ√‘¬–‡À≈à“π—Èπ ·≈â«®–¬—ß
Àâ«ßÀ∑—¬[¢ÕߺâŸøíß]„Àâ™◊Ëπ„® ¥â«¬°“√æ√√≥π“Àâ«ßæ√–§ÿ≥¢Õßæ√–
æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ
The gods and men as well as the noble ones having
attained to immortality after practicing his Dhamma, I pay honour
to the Dhamma and the noble ones and will gladden the mind (of
listeners) with words describing the ocean of good abounding in
that Buddha.

31. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 3
Û. ™‘‡ππ⁄∑⁄√¡µ⁄‡µ¿ °ÿ¡⁄¿®“√‘π’
™‘‚π√ “πÌ ¡ÿ¢ªß⁄°™“≈‘π’
√ ⁄«µ’ ‡¡ ¡ÿ¢§æ⁄¿ §æ⁄¿‘π’
√¡µ⁄«û𓬓 ∑µ⁄∂ Ÿ∑π’.
¢Õæ√–«“®“Õ—π‡ª√’¬∫¥—Ëß·¡≈ß¿Ÿà„π«“√‘™§◊Õ‚Õ…∞å¢Õß™‘‚π√
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ´÷Ëß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‰ª√à«¡°—∫°√–æÕߢÕßæ≠“™â“ßµ°¡—π §◊Õ
æ√–™‘π‡®â“ºŸâ¬‘Ëß„À≠à Õ—π· ¥ß‡π◊ÈÕ§«“¡¢Õßµπ‚¥¬ –¥«° Õ—π
µ—Èߧ√√¿å[§◊ÕÕ√√∂¢Õß∫∑]„π§√√¿å·Ààß‚Õ…∞å ‚ª√¥√◊Ëπ√¡¬å„π‚Õ…∞å
¢Õߢâ“懮Ⓡ∂‘¥
May the words, bee-like, in the lotus-like mouth of
Buddha’s disciples who accompanied the great Conqueror
(Buddha) on his journey, imparting their meaning with ease, find
pleasure in my mouth as well.

32. 4 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ù. ‚¬ ‚≈°µ⁄∂“¬ æÿ∑⁄‚∏ ∏π ÿµ¿√‘¬“Õß⁄§™’«Ì ®™‘µ⁄«“
ªŸ‡√µ⁄«“ ª“√¡‘‚¬ µ‘∑ û¡πÿª‡¡ ‚æ∏‘ª°⁄¢‘¬∏¡⁄‡¡
ªµ⁄«“ ‚æ∏÷ «‘ ÿ∑⁄∏Ì °≈§ÿ≥∑∑Ì ‡ Ø˛ü¿Ÿ‚µ µ‘‚≈‡°
°µ⁄«“ ∑ÿ°⁄¢ ⁄ Õπ⁄µÌ °µ ÿ¿™πµÌ ∑ÿ°⁄¢‚µ ‚¡®¬‘µ⁄∂.
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧ儥 ∑√ß ≈–∑√—æ¬å ∫ÿµ√ ¿√√¬“ Õ«—¬«–
·≈–™’«‘µ ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå·°à™“«‚≈° ∑√ß∫”‡æÁ≠∫“√¡’ Û ∑—»·≈–
‚æ∏‘ªí°¢‘¬∏√√¡Õ—π¥’‡≈‘» ‰¥â∫√√≈ÿ‚æ∏‘≠“≥Õ—πÀ¡¥®¥„Àâ§ÿ≥∏√√¡
∑—Èߪ«ß ‡ªìπºŸâª√–‡ √‘∞„π‚≈° “¡∑√ߢ®—¥∑ÿ°¢å·≈⫇ª≈◊ÈÕßÀ¡Ÿà™πºŸâ
°√–∑”§«“¡¥’‰«â„Àâæâπ®“°∑ÿ°¢å
The Buddha, most excellent in the three worlds, having
abandoned wealth, children, wife, and bodily existence for
mankind, having fulfilled the thirty Pâramîs and attained the
unparalleledconstituentsofTranscendentalKnowledge,attaining
pureintelligence,whichbestowsallvirtues-he,havingputanend
to suffering has rescued virtuous people from misery.[1]

33. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 5
ı. πµ⁄«“π“ÀÌ ™‘πÌ µÌ ¡ÿª®‘µ ÿ¿Ì æ⁄æ‚≈‡°°æπ⁄∏ÿÌ
π“ÀŸ ‡¬π“ªî µÿ‚≈⁄¬ °ÿ ≈¡À‘¡‚µ Õÿµ⁄µ‚¡ ¿Ÿµ‚≈‡°
µ ⁄‡ ‡«¡Ì ÿ«‘¡⁄ÀÌ ÿ«‘ªÿ≈¡¡≈Ì ‚æ∏‘ ¡⁄¿“√¿ŸµÌ
‡ÀµÿÌ ‡Àµ⁄«“πÿ√Ÿªè ÿ§µ§µº≈Ì ¿“ ‚µ ‡¡ ÿ≥“∂.
¢â“懮ⓢÕπ¡— °“√æ√–™‘π‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ ºŸâ —Ëß ¡§«“¡¥’‰«â
æ√âÕ¡¡Ÿ≈·≈â« ºŸâ∑√߇ªìπæ«°æâÕߺŸâ‡¥’¬«¢Õß™“«‚≈°∑—Èß¡«≈ ºŸâ‰¡à¡’
∫ÿ§§≈„¥∑’Ë∑—¥‡∑’¬¡‰¥â ‡ªìπºŸâ Ÿß ÿ¥„π™“«‚≈°¥â«¬∫ÿ≠≠“¿“æ ‡™‘≠
∑à“π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬øíߢâ“懮⓰≈à“«∂÷߇ÀµÿÕ—π‡ªìπÕÿª°“√–·°à‚æ∏‘≠“≥·≈–
º≈·Ààߧ«“¡‡ªìπæ√– ÿ§µµ“¡ ¡§«√·°à‡Àµÿ Õ—ππà“æ‘»«ß‰æ∫Ÿ≈¬å¬‘Ëß
ª√“»®“°¡≈∑‘π
Having paid honour to him, the Conqueror, abounding in
accumulations of good, and the sole friend of the whole world, to
whom most exalted in the world of creatures no one is equal in
the potency of good, who is worthy of admiration, of extensive
greatness, free from impurities and possessed of the essentials
of Buddhaship, listen to me declaring the means, the appropriate
means, tending to the Fruition leading to the state of Sugata.[2]

34. 6 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ˆ. ™“‚µ ‚¬ π«‡¡ ¢‡≥ ÿµ∏‚√ ’‡≈π ÿ∑⁄∏‘π⁄∑⁄√‘‚¬
Ì “√Ì ¿¬‚µ ¿«°⁄¢¬°√Ì ∑‘ ⁄«“ ‘«Ì ‡¢¡‚µ
µÌ ¡⁄ª“∑°¡§⁄§‡∑ °¡ÿπ÷ ¡⁄ªŸ™¬π⁄‚µ µ‚µ
æÿ∑⁄∏“πÿ ⁄ µ‘¿“«π“∑‘°¡‚µ ¡⁄ª“∑‡¬ µÌ ‘«Ì.
°ÿ≈∫ÿµ√„¥Õÿ∫—µ‘‡°‘¥·≈â«„π¢≥–∑’Ë ˘ ∑√ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ ”√«¡
Õ‘π∑√’¬å‹∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϥ⫬»’≈ ‡¢“‡ÀÁπ«—ØØ ß “√«à“‡ªìπ¿—¬ ·≈–‡ÀÁπæ√–
π‘ææ“πÕ—π∑”¿æ„Àâ ‘Èπ‰ª«à“‡ªìπ·¥π‡°…¡ ∫Ÿ™“æ√–¡ÿπ’æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ
ºâŸ· ¥ßÀπ∑“ß∑’Ë𔉪∂÷ßæ√–π‘ææ“πÕ¬Ÿà µàÕ®“°π—Èπæ÷ß„Àâ ”‡√Á®æ√–
π‘ææ“ππ—Èπµ“¡≈”¥—∫¥â«¬°“√‡®√‘≠æÿ∑∏“πÿ µ‘‡ªìπµâπ
He who is born in the ninth Khan⁄a is full of knowledge,
pure in his senses by the observance of the precepts, having
looked upon transmigration with fear, and Nirvân⁄a, the destroyer
ofexistence,withoutfear-he,wellworshippingthesage,because
he points out the road tending to Bliss, should secure that bliss
by means of the respective bhâvanas, Buddhânussati, etc. [3]

35. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 7
˜. ‡Õ«Ì ¬∂“«ÿµ⁄µ«‘∏÷ °‚√π⁄‚µ
¡∑ª⁄ª¡“∑“ «‘√‚µ ¬µµ⁄‚µ
æÿ∑⁄∏“πÿæÿ∑⁄‡∏À‘ 𑇠«‘µÌ µÌ
ªª⁄‚ªµ‘ π‘æ⁄æ“π«√Ì «‘√“§Ì.
‡¡◊ËÕ°ÿ≈∫ÿµ√°√–∑”µ“¡«‘∏’∑’Ë°≈à“«·≈â«Õ¬à“ßπ’È ß¥‡«âπ®“°
§«“¡¡—«‡¡“ª√–¡“∑ ‡ªìπºŸâ ”√«¡µπ ¬àÕ¡∫√√≈ÿæ√–π‘ææ“π
Õ—πª√–‡ √‘∞ª√“»®“°√“§–π—Èπ ´÷Ëßæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“·≈–æ√–Õπÿæÿ∑∏–
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬‡ æ§ÿâπ·≈â«
He,whofollowstheprescribedpath,abandoningunheedful
conducts, exercising self-restraint, will eventually attain noble
Nirvân⁄a, untainted by lust; the noble Nirvân⁄a which was well
acquainted by the Buddhas and their followers.

36. 8 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
¯. æÿ∑⁄‚∏µ‘ ‚° æÿ∑⁄∏§ÿ‚≥µ‘ ‚° ‚
Õ®‘π⁄µ‘¬“∑‘µ⁄µ¡ÿª“§‚µ ‚¬
Õπê⁄ê “∏“√≥¿Ÿµ¡µ⁄∂Ì
Õ°“ ‘ °÷ ‚ °‘¡‚«® æÿ∑⁄‚∏.
„§√‡≈à“‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ Õ–‰√§◊Õæ√–æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥∑’Ë∂÷ß¿“«–
Õ—π„§√Ê ‰¡àæ÷ߧ‘¥ æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“π—Èπ∑√ß°√–∑”Õ–‰√ µ√— Õ–‰√∑’ˉ¡à
∑—Ë«‰ª·°à “«°Õ◊Ëπ‰«â
Who is Buddha? What that Buddha virtue which is
inconceivable and the like? What good has he not done for the
general weal? What has that Buddha declared and done which
is not in accordance with truth and not held in common with
others? [4]

37. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 9
˘. «‘ ⁄ ™⁄‡™ ⁄ “¡‘ µÌ “∏ÿ Õ«‘√ÿ∑⁄∏û¡π“°ÿ≈Ì
ÌÀ√‘µ⁄«“ ¬∂“«ÿµ⁄µÌ ¡ÿπ‘π“ ® ¡ÿπ’À‘ ®.
¢â“懮⓮–«‘ —™π“ªí≠À“π’ȇªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’‰¡à¡’¢âÕ¢—¥·¬â߉¡à —∫ π
‚¥¬√«∫√«¡¢âÕ§«“¡µ“¡∑’Ëæ√–¡ÿπ’·≈– “«°∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â
I shall answer these questions well, with no discrepancy
or confusion in accordance with the words of the great sage and
his disciples.
Ò. «‘ ÿ∑⁄∏¢π⁄∏ π⁄µ“‚π æÿ∑⁄‚∏µ‘ 𑬂¡ °‚µ
¢π⁄∏ π⁄µ“π ÿ∑⁄∏‘ µÿ §ÿ‚≥µ‘ 𑬂¡ °‚µ.
∫—≥±‘µ°”À𥉫â«à“ºŸâ¡’°√–· ¢—π∏åÕ—π∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï·≈â«™◊ËÕ«à“æ√–
æÿ∑∏‡®â“ à«π§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß°√–· ¢—π∏å ™◊ËÕ«à“ æ√–æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥
He is distinguished as Buddha as displaying the pure
elementsofbeing;andhe,indeed,isdistinguishedas"possessed
of good characteristics," who is pure in the display of the
elements of existence. [5]

38. 10 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÒÒ. Õ°“ ‘ °‘®⁄®“π‘ ∑‘‡π ÿ ªê⁄®
ª “∑¬ê⁄®‘∑⁄∏‘æ‡≈𠇬π
™π“π‡ Ì ®√‘¬“πÿ°Ÿ≈Ì
êµ⁄«“πû‚«®“πÿ ¬ª⁄ªÀ“πÌ.
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ∑√ß°√–∑”°‘® ı ª√–°“√∑ÿ°Ê «—π
¬—ß¡À“™π„Àâ‡≈◊ËÕ¡„ Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°”≈—ß·Ààߧ«“¡ ”‡√Á®π—Èπ ∑√߇¢â“„®
∏√√¡∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—∫®√‘µ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß·≈â«· ¥ß∏√√¡Õ—π∑”≈“¬Õπÿ —¬
·°à¡«≈™π
Day by day, relying on his own supernatural power, he
performed the Five Duties (incumbent on Buddhas), bringing
faith to people; and, knowing fully the suitable conduct for them,
preached the abandonment of the (seven) attachments. [6]

39. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 11
ÒÚ. æÿ∑⁄‚∏ ® ‚ æÿ∑⁄∏§ÿ‡≥π ‘∑⁄‚∏
‚¬ °“¬«“®“À‘ µÿ≈“«¿Ÿ‚µ
‡ÀµÿÌ º≈ê⁄®“ªî ‡¡°⁄¢‘¬“π
µ∂“§µÌ ª⁄ªÿ√‘ “ ¿™π⁄µÿ.
Õπ÷Ëß æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧ儥∑√߇ª√’¬∫¥—Ëßµ√“™—Ëߥ⫬°“¬
·≈–«“®“ æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ∑√ߪ√“°Ø·≈⫥⫬æ√–æÿ∑∏§ÿ≥
‡À≈à“ —µ∫ÿ√ÿ…æ‘®“√≥“‡Àµÿ·≈–º≈·≈â«æ÷ߧ∫æ√–µ∂“§µ‡∂‘¥
The Buddha being scale-like in his words and deeds, as
evident in his noble attributes; virtuous men, having considered
the relevant cause and effect should ally with the Tathâgata.

40. 12 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÒÛ. Õæ⁄¿ÿ§⁄§µ“ ¬ ⁄ §ÿ≥“ Õππ⁄µ“
µ‘æÿ∑⁄∏‡¢µ⁄‡µ°∑‘«“°‚√µ‘
™“𓵑 ‚ ‚≈°û¡‘¡Ì ª√ê⁄®
‡®µπê⁄‡®« Õ‡®µπê⁄®
° ⁄ π⁄µ“π§µÌ ª‡√ Ì
æ⁄¬µ’µû¡ª⁄ªµ⁄µ°û¡µ⁄√¿ŸµÌ.
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧ儥∑√ߧÿ≥∏√√¡Õ—πÀ“∑’Ë ÿ¥¡‘‰¥â ´÷Ëß
¢®√¢®“¬«à“‡ªìπ¥«ß ÿ√’¬å¥«ß‡¥’¬«„πæÿ∑∏‡¢µ∑—Èß “¡æ√–Õߧå¬àÕ¡∑√ß
∑√“∫‚≈°π’È·≈–‚≈°Õ◊Ëπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë¡’‡®µπ“·≈– ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¡à¡’‡®µπ“ æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß
¿“«∏√√¡∑’Ë¡’„π°√–· √Ÿªπ“¡¢Õßæ√–Õߧå·≈–ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ∑’Ë≈à«ß‰ª·≈â«
∑’ˬ—ß¡“‰¡à∂÷ß ·≈–¡’Õ¬àŸ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
He whose virtues are infinite and in the ascendency, he,
beingcalledtheunparalleledsuninthethreefoldBuddhadomain,
knows this world and the future world, what is possessed of
thought and what is devoid of thought, his own existence and that
of others, as well as time past, future, and present. [7]

41. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 13
ÒÙ. ‡Õ«Ì«‘‡∏ ÿ «‘ ‡¬ ÿ À‘ ¬ ⁄ ªê⁄ê“
∏“‡«¬⁄¬û𓧵§µ“«‘§‡µ ÿ µ‘°⁄¢“
µ ⁄‡ « ‚æ∏‘û¡ÿª¬“µ¡‡ππ π‘®⁄®Ì
√µ⁄µ‘π⁄∑‘«Ì ¡ÿπ‘§ÿ≥“ «µ ®‘π⁄µπ’¬“.
æ√–ºâŸ¡’æ√–¿“§æ√–Õߧ儥∑√ßæ√–ªí≠≠“‡©’¬∫·À≈¡·≈àπ
‰ª„π«‘ —¬Õ—π¡’ª√–°“√Õ¬à“ßπ’È∑—Èß∑’ˇªìπÕ¥’µªí®®ÿ∫—π·≈–Õ𓧵∫ÿ§§≈
ºâŸ¡’„®¡ÿàß Ÿà‚æ∏‘≠“≥æ÷ß√–≈÷°∂÷ߧÿ≥¢Õßæ√–¡ÿπ’æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ∑ÿ°∑‘«“
√“µ√’‡ ¡Õ
The Buddha, possessed of perfect wisdom, knows the
diverse nature of things in the past, present, and future; a person
intent on attaining enlightenment should always be mindful of the
virtues of that Buddha both day and night.

42. 14 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Òı. ‡Õ«Ì«‘‡∏ ÿ «‘ ‡¬ ÿ À‘ ¬ ⁄ ªê⁄ê“
∏“‡«¬⁄¬û𓧵§µ“«‘§‡µ ÿ µ‘°⁄¢“
µ ⁄‡ « ‚æ∏‘û¡ÿª¬“µ¡‡ππ π‘®⁄®Ì
√µ⁄µ‘π⁄∑‘«Ì ¡ÿπ‘§ÿ≥“ «µ ªŸ™π’¬“.
æ√–ºâŸ¡’æ√–¿“§æ√–Õߧ儥∑√ßæ√–ªí≠≠“‡©’¬∫·À≈¡·≈àπ
‰ª„π«‘ —¬Õ—π¡’ª√–°“√Õ¬à“ßπ’È∑’ˇªìπ∑—ÈßÕ¥’µªí®®ÿ∫—π·≈–Õ𓧵∫ÿ§§≈
ºâŸ¡’„®¡ÿàß Ÿà‚æ∏‘≠“≥æ÷ß∫Ÿ™“§ÿ≥¢Õßæ√–¡ÿπ’æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ∑ÿ°∑‘«“√“µ√’‡ ¡Õ
The Buddha, possessed of perfect wisdom, knows the
diverse nature of things in the past, present, and future; a person
intent on attaining enlightenment should always adore adore the
virtues of that Buddha both day and night.

43. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 15
Òˆ. ‡Õ«Ì«‘‡∏ ÿ «‘ ‡¬ ÿ À‘ ¬ ⁄ ªê⁄ê“
∏“‡«¬⁄¬û𓧵§µ“«‘§‡µ ÿ µ‘°⁄¢“
µ ⁄‡ « ‚æ∏‘û¡ÿª¬“µ¡‡ππ π‘®⁄®Ì
√µ⁄µ‘π⁄∑‘«Ì ¡ÿπ‘§ÿ≥“ «µ «π⁄∑𒬓.
æ√–¡ÿπ’æ√–Õߧ儥∑√ßæ√–ªí≠≠“‡©’¬∫·À≈¡·≈àπ‰ª„π«‘ —¬
Õ—π¡’ª√–°“√Õ¬à“ßπ’È ∑’ˇªìπ∑—ÈßÕ¥’µ ªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈–Õ𓧵 ∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ¡’„®
¡ÿàß Ÿà‚æ∏‘≠“≥æ÷ßπâÕ¡‰À«â§ÿ≥¢Õßæ√–¡ÿπ’æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ∑ÿ°∑‘«“√“µ√’‡ ¡Õ
The Buddha, possessed of perfect wisdom, knows the
diverse nature of things in the past, present, and future; a person
intent on attaining enlightenment should always bow down and
pay respect to the virtues of that Buddha both day and night.

44. 16 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ò˜. ∑⁄‡∏¬⁄¬“ ‡µ ®‘π⁄‡µ¬⁄¬“ ‡µ
«π⁄‡∑¬⁄¬“ ‡µ ªŸ‡™¬⁄¬“ ‡µ
æÿ∑⁄∏“‚≈°“‚≈‡° ‚≈‡°
™“‡µ‡πµÌ ªµ⁄‡∂π⁄‡µπ.
∫ÿ§§≈ºŸâ‡°‘¥·≈â«„π‚≈°∑’Ë «à“߉ «¥â«¬· ß «à“ߧ◊Õæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“
ª√“√∂π“‚æ∏‘≠“≥π—ÈπÕ¬Ÿà æ÷߇™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ √–≈÷°∂÷ß °√“∫‰À«â ·≈–∫Ÿ™“
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“‡À≈à“π—Èπ
A person born in the world brightened by the light of the
Buddhas, aspiring to enlightenment should accept, appreciate,
bow down in respect and pay honour to those Buddhas.

45. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 17
Ò¯. ‡Õ«Ì ª π⁄π¡µ‘¡“ √µπµ⁄µ¬¡⁄À‘
®“§“∏‘¡ÿµ⁄µ¡π‚ ™πµ“À‘‡µπ
‚≈° ⁄ ∑⁄∏ª√¡“ ¿«µ’µ‘ êµ⁄«“
∑⁄∏“∑‘‡π°§ÿ≥™“≈¬ÿ‚µ ¿‡«¬⁄¬.
∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ‡≈◊ËÕ¡„ „πæ√–√—µπµ√—¬ ¡’„®πâÕ¡‰ª„π°“√∫√‘®“§
‚¥¬‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈·°à¡«≈™π ∑√“∫«à“™“«‚≈°¡’»√—∑∏“‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß æ÷߇ªìπ
ºâŸª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§ÿ≥∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°¡’»√—∑∏“‡ªìπµâπ‡∂‘¥
A person devoted to the Triple Gems, with mind bent on
giving charity for the benefits of mankind-being aware of their
great faith, should accumulate virtues of all kinds; i.e., faith, etc.

46. 18 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ò˘. Õππ⁄µ µ⁄‡µ ÿ ® ‚≈°∏“µÿ ÿ
‡Õ‚°« æ⁄‡æªî ¡“ 𠇵π.
„π‡À≈à“ —µ«åÕ—πÀ“ª√–¡“≥¡‘‰¥â „π‚≈°∏“µÿ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ¡«≈™π
∑’Ë®–‡ ¡Õ¥â«¬æ√–µ∂“§µæ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ¡‘‰¥â¡’·¡â —°ºŸâ‡¥’¬«
Not one, nay, not all together in the endless world-
systems are equal to him. [8-10]
Ú. ∑‘ “ ÿ ªÿæ⁄æ“∑‘ ÿ ®°⁄°«“Ó
À ⁄ ß⁄¢“¬ªî Õª⁄ª‡¡¬⁄¬“
‡¬ ‡µ ÿ ‡∑«“ ¡πÿ™“ ® æ⁄√À⁄¡“
‡Õ°µ⁄∂ ß⁄§¡⁄¡û¿‘¡π⁄µ¬π⁄µ“.
®—°√«“≈∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬„π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°‡ªìπµâππ—∫‰¡à∂â«π·¡â¥â«¬
®”π«πæ—πÀπ÷Ëß ∑«¬‡∑æ ¡πÿ…¬å ·≈–æ√À¡∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π®—°√«“≈‡À≈à“π—Èπ
¡“ª√–™ÿ¡ª√÷°…“°—π„π ∂“π∑’Ë·Àà߇¥’¬«°—π
In the different cardinal points, the east, etc., the worlds
are innumerable owing to their existing in thousands, yet Devas,
men, and Brahmas in them came together and deliberated. [8-
10]

47. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 19
ÚÒ. Õπ“∑‘°“≈“§µπ“¡√ŸªîπÌ
¬∂“ °Ì ‡Àµÿº≈µ⁄µ«ÿµ⁄µ‘πÌ
µæ⁄¿“«¿“«‘µ⁄µû¡ ¡⁄¿ÿ≥π⁄µ“
π“π“«‘ª≈⁄≈“ û¡πÿª⁄ª«‘Ø˛ü“.
‡À≈à“ —µ«å‰¡à‡¢â“„®«à“√Ÿªπ“¡∑’Ë¡’„π°“≈Õ—π‰¡àª√“°Ø‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ
´÷Ëߥ”‡π‘π‰ª‚¥¬§«“¡‡ªìπ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õßµπ ‡ªìπº≈∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ¥â«¬§«“¡
¡’‡Àµÿπ—Èπ ®÷߇¢â“∂÷ß«‘ªí≈≈“ π“π“ª√–°“√
They are not able to declare the road to Nirvân⁄a, not
knowing, by their own power, the rising up of corresponding
Cause and Effect, of Name and Form antecedent in time without
a beginning-not knowing their coming up and having entered into
the various contrary conceptions, [8-10]

48. 20 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÚÚ. °¡⁄¡ª⁄ª«µ⁄µ‘ê⁄® º≈ª⁄ª«µ⁄µ÷
‡Õ°µ⁄µπ“πµ⁄µπ‘√’À∏¡⁄¡µÌ
«‘ê⁄êµ⁄µ‘ π⁄µ“π¶‡ππ ©π⁄π‚µ
‘«ê⁄™ Ì ‚π ¿≥‘µÿÌ ¡µ⁄∂“.
‡À≈à“ —µ«å‰¡à‡¢â“„®§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª·Ààß°√√¡§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª·Ààߺ≈
§«“¡‡À¡◊Õπ°—π‚¥¬ ¿“æ §«“¡µà“ß°—π‚¥¬ ¿“æ §«“¡‰¡à
¢«π¢«“¬¢Õ߇Àµÿ·≈–º≈ ·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬à“ßπ—Èπ ®÷߉¡à
“¡“√∂™’È∑“ß Ÿà·¥π‡°…¡‰¥â ‡æ√“–∂Ÿ°ªî¥∫—߉«â¥â«¬°≈ÿà¡°âÕπ§◊Õ
§«“¡µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß·Ààß«‘≠≠—µµ‘√Ÿª
Not knowing, too, the rise of action and consequence,
whether single or multiple, produced or natural, being concealed
by the density of intelligence and continuity, they are unable to
declare the Way to Bliss. [8-10]

49. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 21
ÚÛ. ‡Õ‚°« ‚ π⁄µ‘°‚√ ª¿ß⁄°‚√
ß⁄¢“¬ ‡ê¬⁄¬“π‘ Õ‡ ‘µ“π‘
‡µ Ì À‘ ¡™⁄‡¨ ª√¡“ ¿÷ «∑Ì
‘«ê⁄™ Ì ∑’ª¬‘µÿÌ ¡µ⁄‚∂.
æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…ºâŸ‡¥’¬«π—Èπ∑√ß°√–∑”§«“¡ ß∫·≈–· ß «à“ß∑√ß
À¬—Ëß√Ÿâ‡≠¬¬∏√√¡∑—Èߪ«ß ‰¥âµ√— «“®“Õ—πÕßÕ“®¬‘Ëßπ—°„π∑à“¡°≈“ß
‡∑«¥“·≈–¡πÿ…¬å‡À≈à“π—È𠇪ìπºŸâ “¡“√∂™’È·π–∑“߇°…¡‰¥â
He, the unparalleled light-giver and Bestower of
Tranquillity, considering all that can be known, has the capability
inthemidstofthem(Devas,men,andBrahmas)toshowtheWay
to Bliss by publishing words, excellent and quieting. [11]

50. 22 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÚÙ. ‚ ‚§µ‚¡ °⁄¬ ÿ‚µ ¡ÿπ‘π⁄‚∑
æ⁄æ ⁄ ‚≈° ⁄ ª∑’ª¿Ÿ‚µ
Õππ⁄µ µ⁄‡µ ¿«æπ⁄∏π¡⁄À“
‚¡‡® ‘ °“√ÿê⁄êæ≈“π‡ª°⁄¢’.
æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…π—Èπ§◊Õæ√–‚§µ¡–ºâŸ‡ªìπæ√–‚Õ√ ·Àà߇®â“»“°¬–
ºâŸ‡ªìπ®Õ¡·Ààß¡ÿπ’ ºâŸª√–¥ÿ®¥«ßª√–∑’ª àÕß‚≈°∑—Èߪ«ß ∑√߇ª≈◊ÈÕß
—µ«å¡“°¡“¬π—∫‰¡à∂â«πÕÕ°®“°‡§√◊ËÕߺŸ°[§◊Õµ—≥À“]„π¿æ¥â«¬°”≈—ß
·Ààߧ«“¡°√ÿ≥“ ¡‘‰¥â¡ÿàßÀ«—ß[≈“¿ —°°“√–]
The chief of Sages, of the Gotama family and the son of
the Sakya race, being the Lamp of the whole world, has in virtue
of his compassion caused endless people to escape from the
bonds of existence, unregardful of anything in return. [12]

51. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 23
Úı. ‚¬ Ì “‡√ ÿ∑ÿ°⁄¢Ì Õ¡µû¡‘« ¿™Ì æ⁄æ µ⁄‡µ ∑¬“¬
‡µ Ì ‚∑ §⁄§‘™“≈Ì ¢¡π ≈‘≈‚µ “∏ÿπ‘æ⁄擪¬π⁄‚µ
æÿ∑⁄‚∏ ‚æ∏‘ê⁄® ªµ⁄‚µ °≈û¡µ‘« ‘ª⁄ªµ⁄µ æ⁄æê⁄êÿ¿“«Ì
µê⁄®“ÀÌ µ ⁄ ‚æ∏÷ ª¡ÿ∑‘µ¡π “ æ⁄æ°“≈Ì π¡“¡‘.
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧ儥∑√ߪ√– ∫∑ÿ°¢å‡¢Á≠„π —ß “√«—؇æ√“–
ß “√‡À≈à“ —µ«å ∑√ߥ—∫‰ø‚∑ –¢Õß —µ«å‡À≈à“π—ÈπÕ¬à“ß π‘∑¥â«¬πÈ”
·Ààߢ—𵑠∑√ß∫√√≈ÿ‚æ∏‘≠“≥·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπºŸâ√Ÿâ∂÷ߧ«“¡™”π“≠∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß
¢â“懮ⓡ’„®™◊Ëπ∫“π·≈â«¢Õπ¡— °“√æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ·≈–‚æ∏‘-
≠“≥¢Õßæ√–Õß§å‡ ¡Õ
The Buddha who had endured great suffering in
transmigration because of his compassion for creatures,
quenched the fire of hatred among them with the water of
forbearance, attained to enlightenment and was proficient in all
knowledge; I bow down to and worship him and his supreme
knowledge always.

52. 24 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Úˆ. «‡∑∂ µ ⁄ ’∏ Õπª⁄ª°Ì §ÿ≥Ì
𠇵π µÿ‚≈⁄¬ ª√‚¡ ® «‘™⁄™µ‘
°÷ µÌ §ÿ≥Ì µÌ ∑‘‡ π ∑‘π⁄πÌ
¬Ì°µÌ °‘π⁄πÿ Õ∏‘®⁄® ≈∑⁄∏Ì.
æ«°∑à“π®ß°≈à“«§ÿ≥∏√√¡Õ—π‰æ»“≈„π‚≈°π’È¢Õßæ√–¡À“-
∫ÿ√ÿ…π—Èπ∫ÿ§§≈ºâŸ‡ ¡Õ‡À¡◊ÕπÀ√◊Õ¬‘Ëß°«à“æ√–ÕߧåÀ“¡’‰¡àæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“
ºŸâ‡ ¡Õ°—∫æ√–Õߧå∑√ß¡Õ∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡π—Èπ„Àâ À√◊Õ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå
∑√ß°√–∑”‡Õß À√◊Õ‰¥â√—∫‚¥¬ª√“»®“°‡Àµÿ‡≈à“
Declare his inestimable goodness in this world! There is
none equal to or surpassing him! How declare that goodness as
given to him by a Buddha similar to himself, produced by himself,
or whether obtained without a cause? [13]

53. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 25
Ú˜. π“∏‘®⁄® ≈∑⁄∏Ì π ® ªÿæ⁄ææÿ∑⁄∏“
æ⁄√À⁄¡“∑‘πÌ ¡⁄¡ÿµ‘¬“ æÀÿπ⁄πÌ
¬Ì °‡µ‡π« ÕπŸª‡¡π
∑“π“∑‘π“ ≈∑⁄∏¡‘∑Ì «‘ª“°Ì.
§ÿ≥∏√√¡¥—ß°≈à“«¡‘„™à‰¥â√—∫‚¥¬ª√“»®“°‡Àµÿ ¡‘„™à‰¥â√—∫®“°
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧ勰àÕπ ¡‘„™à‰¥â√—∫¥â«¬°“√ ¡¡ÿµ‘¢ÕßæÀÿ™π¡’
æ√À¡‡ªìπµâπ ·µà‰¥â√—∫«‘∫“°π’ȥ⫬∑“π∫“√¡’‡ªìπµâπ∑’Ë°√–∑”‡Õß
‰¡à¡’„§√‡ª√’¬∫‚¥¬·∑â
He has obtained this result of Buddhahood through the
unparalleledactsofcharity,etc.,evenself-performed-notobtained
withoutacauseorfromapreviousBuddha,orbytheauthorisation
of the large body of Brahmas and others. [14]

54. 26 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ú¯. Õ‘‚µ ®µÿπ⁄πÌ À‘ Õ ß⁄¢‘¬“πÌ
µÌ À ⁄ “π∏‘°“π¡µ⁄∂‡°
°ª⁄‡ª Õµ’µ¡⁄À‘ ÿ‡¡∏µ“ª‚
‡«À“¬ “ §®⁄©µ‘ Õ‘∑⁄∏‘¬“ µ∑“.
°≈à“«‚¥¬æ‘ ¥“√«à“ „π°—ª∑’Ë≈à«ß·≈â«π—∫¢÷Èπ‰ª Ù Õ ß‰¢¬
· π°—ª®“°¿—∑√°—ªπ’È ÿ‡¡∏¥“∫ ‰¥â‡À“–‰ª∑“ßÕ“°“»¥â«¬ƒ∑∏‘Ï„π
§√—Èßπ—Èπ
Inapastcycle,atthebeginningoffourasanÌkkheyyasand
onehundredthousandkappas,whenhewasthehermitSumedha,
he went through the sky by supernatural power. [15]

55. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 27
Ú˘. ∑’ªß⁄°‚√ π“¡ ™‘‚π Ì‚¶
√¡⁄¡Ì ªÿ√Ì ¬“µ‘ «‘‚√®¡“‚π
¡πÿ ⁄ ‡∑‡«Àû¿‘ªŸ™‘¬π⁄‚µ
À ⁄ √Ì ’ «‘¬ ¿“≥ÿ¡“ π‡¿.
æ√–™‘π‡®â“æ√–π“¡«à“∑’ªíß°√æ√âÕ¡æ√– ß¶å ¡’‡À≈à“‡∑æ
·≈–¡πÿ…¬å∫Ÿ™“Õ¬àŸ ∑√ß√ÿàß‚√®πå¥ÿ®¿“≥ÿ¡“»¡’√—»¡’π—∫æ—π„ππ¿“ ‡ ¥Á®
‰ª¬—ß√—¡¡π§√
When Dîpanèkara, the Conqueror, went to the town of
Ramma with his followers, being honoured by gods and men and
shining (with glory) like the sun in the sky with a thousand rays,
[16]

56. 28 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Û. µ ⁄ ê⁄™ Ì °“µÿ ¡Àÿ ⁄ À“πÌ
æÿ∑⁄‚∏µ‘ ÿµ⁄«“ ÿ¡‚𠪵’‚µ
¡¡™⁄™ ‡∑ÀÌ ªπ‘¡ ⁄ ∑µ⁄«“
æÿ∑⁄‚∏ ÕÀÌ ‡À ⁄ û¡π“§‡µû∑‘‚ .
ÿ‡¡∏¥“∫ ‰¥â ¥—∫§”¢Õßæ«°¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë欓¬“¡ √â“ß∑“߇æ◊ËÕ
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ«à“æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“‡ ¥Á®¡“®÷߇°‘¥§«“¡ªïµ‘‚ ¡π—
¥”√‘«à“«—ππ’ȇ√“∂«“¬√à“ß°“¬¢Õ߇√“·¥àæ√–Õߧå·≈â«®—°µ√— √Ÿâ‡ªìπ
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“„πÕ𓧵 ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ’È
Then, while those who were strenuously exerting
themselves in making a path for him, he, Sumedha, on hearing
the cry "Buddha," being pleased and delighted, said, "To-day, by
giving up my body to him, I, like him, shall be a Buddha in the
future." [17]

57. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 29
ÛÒ. µ ⁄¡‘ê⁄™‡ °π⁄∑√°¡⁄À‘ ªß⁄‡°
°µ⁄«“π ‡ µÿÌ ¬‘ ‚ ‡∑ÀÌ
æÿ∑⁄‚∏ Õ¬Ì §®⁄©µÿ ªîØ˛ü‘¬“ ¡¡
‚æ∏÷ ‡® ‡À ⁄ µ‘ ‡¡ Õ𓧇µ.
ÿ‡¡∏¥“∫ π—Èπ¥”√‘«à“ ∂â“‚æ∏‘≠“≥®—° ”‡√Á®·°à‡√“„πÕ𓧵
¢Õæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ’Ȯ߇ ¥Á®‰ª∫πÀ≈—ߢÕ߇√“ ·≈â«πÕπ∑Õ¥
√à“ß°“¬¢Õßµπ‡ªìπ –æ“π∫π‡ªóÕ°µ¡∑’Ë·ÕàßπÈ”„π∑“ßπ—Èπ
On that track, having made his body into a bridge on the
swampy mud, he, lying down, said, "If transcendental knowledge
will be to me in the future, let this Buddha go over my head." [18]

58. 30 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÛÚ. Õÿ ⁄ ’ °Ì ¬“µ‘ ™‘‚π À‘ µ ⁄
Õ™⁄¨“ ‚¬ ‘™⁄¨µ‘û¡ ⁄ û𓧇µ
êµ⁄«“π æ⁄¬“°“ ‘ Õ‡ ‚µ À‘
æÿ∑⁄‚∏ Õ¬Ì ‡À ⁄ µ‘û𓧇µ ÿ.
æ√–™‘π‡®â“‡ ¥Á®ª√–∑—∫¬◊π„°≈â»’√…–¢Õß∑à“π ∑√ß∑√“∫«à“
Õ—∏¬“»—¬¢Õߥ“∫ π’È®– ”‡√Á®„πÕ𓧵®÷ß欓°√≥å‚¥¬ ‘Èπ‡™‘ß«à“¥“∫
π’È®—°µ√— √⟇ªìπæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“„πÕ𓧵
The Conqueror, Dîpanèkara, went towards his head,
knowing his intention would be realised in the future, and made
anunqualifiedprediction,saying,"HeindeedwillbecomeBuddha
in the future." [19]

59. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 31
ÛÛ. ÿµ⁄«“𠪵⁄‚µ« ¡À“¿‘‡ °Ì
≈∑⁄∏Ì« ‚æ∏÷ ¡πÿ ⁄ √π⁄‚µ
ªŸ‡™µ⁄« ¬“‡µ ¡ÿπ‘‡∑«¡“πÿ‡
ÕÿØ˛ü“¬ ‚ ¡⁄¡ ‘ ª“√¡’ ∑ .
ÿ‡¡∏¥“∫ ¥—∫§”欓°√≥å·≈â« ª√–Àπ÷Ë߉¥â√—∫°“√Õ¿‘‡…°
¬‘Ëß„À≠àÀ¡—Ëπ√”≈÷°∂÷ß‚æ∏‘≠“≥‡À¡◊Õπ‰¥â∫√√≈ÿ·≈⫇¡◊ËÕæ√–¡ÿπ’‡∑«¥“
·≈–¡πÿ…¬å∫Ÿ™“·≈â«À≈’°‰ª ®÷ß≈ÿ°¢÷Èπ„§√à§√«≠∫“√¡’ ‘∫∑—»
On hearing this, he, as if having attained the state of one
who received the sprinkling (of purification), and imagining
supernatural knowledge as obtained by him, rose and acquired
a complete grasp of the ten Pâramîs after the sage (Dîpanèkara)
aswellasDevasandmenhadhonouredhimandgoneaway.[20]

60. 32 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÛÙ. ∑Ã⁄ÀÌ §‡Àµ⁄«“ ¡µ÷ ª“√¡’
‘°⁄¢µ⁄µ¬ê⁄® ⁄ ™‘π ⁄ π⁄µ‘‡°
°“µÿÌ ¡µ⁄‚∂ªî ¿« ⁄ ª“√Ì
µ⁄‡µ ÿ °“√ÿê⁄êæ≈“ ¿«Ì §‚µ.
∑à“π ¡“∑“π∫“√¡’ Û ∑—»Õ¬à“ß¡—Ëπ§ß ·¡â “¡“√∂∫”‡æÁ≠
‰µ√ ‘°¢“„π ”π—°¢Õßæ√–™‘π‡®â“æ√–Õߧåπ—Èπ·≈⫉ª∂÷ßΩíòß·Àà߿扥â
°Á¢Õ‰ª àŸ¿æ¥â«¬·√ß°“√ÿ≥¬å„π‡À≈à“ —µ«å
Having obtained firm mastery in all the thirty Pâramîs,
and though he had the power to attain Nirvân⁄a by passing
beyond existence, through Dîpanèkara possessed of the three
sikkhâs, he, through pity for creatures, transmigrated. [21]

61. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 33
Ûı. Àµ⁄∂ª⁄ªµ⁄µÌ ‚æ∏÷ À‘µ⁄«“ Õê⁄‡ê µ⁄‡µ π⁄µ“‡√µÿÌ
«“¬“‡¡π⁄‚µ Ì “‡√ ‚¬ ∑ÿ°⁄¢ª⁄ªµ⁄‚µ «π⁄‡∑ÀÌ µÌ.
æ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«å„¥¬Õ¡ ≈–‚æ∏‘≠“≥∑’Ë¡“∂÷ß¡◊Õ·≈⫇撬√™à«¬„Àâ
‡À≈à“ —µ«åÕ◊Ëπ¢â“¡æâπ ª√– ∫∑ÿ°¢å„π ß “√ ¢â“懮ⓢÕπ¡— °“√æ√–
‚æ∏‘ —µ«åπ—Èπ
He having abandoned the supernatural knowledge
comingwithinhisreachandhavingendeavouredtohelpmankind
cross over (to Nirvân⁄a), underwent suffering in transmigration; I
pay homage to that Buddha-to-be.

62. 34 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ûˆ. Õÿª⁄ªπ⁄πÿª⁄ªπ⁄π‡° ‚ ™‘π«√¡µÿ‡≈ ªŸ™¬‘µ⁄«“ Õ‡ Ì
æÿ∑⁄‚∏ ‡Õ‚ À‘ ‚ª‚ ¿«µ‘ π‘¬¡‚µ æ⁄¬“°‚µ ‡µÀ‘ ‡µÀ‘
‡µ Ì ‡µ Ì ™‘π“πÌ «®π¡πÿª¡Ì ªŸ™¬‘µ⁄«“ ‘‡√π
µÌ µÌ ∑ÿ°⁄¢Ì À‘µ⁄«“ °≈§ÿ≥∑∑Ì ª“√¡÷ ªŸ√¬‘µ⁄∂.
æ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«åπ—Èπ‰¥â∫Ÿ™“æ√–™‘π«√∑’ˉ¡à¡’ºŸâ„¥∑—¥‡∑’¬¡´÷Ë߇ ¥Á®
Õÿ∫—µ‘¢÷Èπ·≈â«Ê ∑—Èß ‘È𠉥â√—∫欓°√≥宓°æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“‡À≈à“π—ÈπÊ «à“
∫ÿ√ÿ…π’È®–µ√— √Ÿâ‡ªìπæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ‰¥â∫Ÿ™“æ√–«“®“Õ—π Ÿß àߢÕßæ√–
™‘π‡®â“‡À≈à“π—ÈπÊ ¥â«¬‡»’¬√‡°≈â“ Õ¥°≈—ÈπµàÕ∑ÿ°¢åπ—ÈπÊ ·≈â«∫”‡æÁ≠
∫“√¡’∑’˪√–∑“π§ÿ≥∑—Èß ‘Èπ„Àâ
HehavingpaidfullhonourtothevariouspeerlessBuddhas
who have made their appearance, it having been predicted by
them with certainty that he would be a Buddha, adored with his
head the peerless words of those Buddhas, and bearing up every
suffering,hefulfilledthePâramîswhichbestowallgoodqualities.
[22]

63. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 35
Û˜. Õ‘µ‘ §À‘µ¡Àπ⁄µÌ‚æ∏‘ ¡⁄¿“√ “√Ì
§≥πª∂û¡µ’µÌ ª“√¡’ªŸ√‘µµ⁄µÌ
°√®√≥ ‘√“∑’∑‘π⁄π∑“𓵑∑“πÌ
ª√À‘µπ‘√µÌ µÌ ‚æ∏‘ µ⁄µÌ π¡“¡‘.
¢â“懮ⓢÕπâÕ¡‰À«âæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«åπ—ÈπºŸâ∫”‡æÁ≠∫“√¡’‚æ∏‘
¡¿“√Õ—π‡ªìπ·°àπ “√∑’ˬ‘Ëß„À≠à ºŸâ¡’æ√–∑—¬‡µÁ¡‡ªïò¬¡¥â«¬∫“√¡’ ÿ¥∑’Ë
®–§≥π“ ºŸâ„Àâ∑“πÕ—π¬‘Ëß°«à“∑“π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬¡’¡◊Õ ‡∑â“ ·≈–»’√…–‡ªìπµâπ
ºŸâ¬‘π¥’„π°“√‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ
I pay honour to that Bodhisat who had fulfilled the
perfections presupposing of supernatural knowledge, whose
heart filled with innumerable Pâramîs, and who performed
unsurpassed charity (i.e., his own limbs and head), taking
pleasure in helping others.

64. 36 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Û¯. ‚ ∑ÿ°⁄¢¢‘π⁄π™π∑ ⁄ π∑ÿ°⁄¢¢‘π⁄‚π
°“√ÿê⁄êû‡¡« ™πµ“¬ Õ°“ ‘ π‘®⁄®Ì
‡µ Ì À‘ ‚¡®πû¡ÿª“¬û¡‘∑π⁄µ‘ êµ⁄«“
µ“∑’ûª√“∏û¡ªî Õµ⁄µπ‘ ‚√ª¬’ ‚ .
æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…π—Èπ∑√ß≈”∫“°¥â«¬§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å„®‡æ√“–‡ÀÁπ™“«‚≈°
√–∑¡∑ÿ°¢å ‰¥â°√–∑”§«“¡°“√ÿ≥¬å„π¡«≈™π‡ªìπ𑵬å æ√–Õߧ废â
§ß∑’Ë∑√ß∑√“∫«à“§«“¡Õ¥∑ππ’ȇªìπ∑“ߪ≈¥‡ª≈◊ÈÕß™π‡À≈à“π—Èπ ®÷ß
¬Õ¡‡æ‘Ë¡∑ÿ°¢å‰«â„πµπ
He who, oppressed by suffering, saw people too
oppressed by suffering, always manifested compassion for
mankind, knew verily such and such to be the means of their
emancipation, and laid their sin upon himself. [23]

65. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 37
Û˘. ∑“π“∑‘‡π°«√ª“√¡‘ “§‡√ ÿ
‚Õ§“Ã⁄Àµ“¬ªî ª∑ÿØ˛ü™‡ππ ∑‘π⁄πÌ
∑ÿ°⁄¢Ì µ∂“ Õµ‘¡Àπ⁄µµ√Ìªî °‘ê⁄®‘
π“ê⁄ê“ ‘ µ⁄µÀ‘µ‡¡« §‡« ¬π⁄‚µ.
æ√–Õߧå∑√ß· «ßÀ“ª√–‚¬™π凰◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈·°à‡À≈à“ —µ«åÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«
¡‘‰¥â§”π÷ß∂÷ß∑ÿ°¢å„¥Ê ·¡â®–„À≠àÀ≈«ß¬‘Ëß∑’Ë™πºâŸª√–∑ÿ…√⓬¡Õ∫„Àâ
‡æ√“–æ√–Õߧ剥⮡≈ß„π “§√·Ààß∫“√¡’Õ—π Ÿß àß ¡’∑“π∫“√¡’
‡ªìπµâπ¡“°‡ªìπÕ‡π°
By sinking in the seas of the various excellent Pâramîs,
charity, etc., he, seeking the benefit of creatures, did not consider
even the suffering entailed upon him by wicked Ñân⁄as anything
considerable. [24]

66. 38 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ù. ‡©µ⁄«“π ’ Ì À‘ °Ì ∑∑π⁄‚µ
¡Ì Ì ª®‘µ⁄«“π ¬Ì ∑∑π⁄‚µ
‚ ®µ⁄µ§µ⁄‚µ ª≥‘∏“𰓇≈
∑ÿØ˛ü ⁄ °÷ ∑ÿ ⁄ µ‘ ‡©∑‡ππ.
æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…π—Èπ∑√ß ≈–√à“ß°“¬·≈â«„π§√“«ª√“√∂π“æÿ∑∏¿Ÿ¡‘
®÷ßµ—¥»’√…–¢Õßµπ¡Õ∫„Àâ ¬à“߇π◊ÈÕ¢Õßµπ„Àâ‡Õß æ√–Õߧ宖ª√–∑ÿ…-
√⓬¥â«¬°“√‡™◊Õ¥‡©◊Õπ§π„®√⓬‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√
Severing his own head and giving it, cooking his own
flesh and giving it, he, during the time of his aspirations for
Buddhaship, having abandoned his body-how could he offend
the wicked by such sacrifice? [25]

67. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 39
ÙÒ. ‡Õ«Ì Õππ⁄µ¡ªî ™“µ‘ ‡µ ÿ ∑ÿ°⁄¢Ì
ªµ⁄«“π µ⁄µÀ‘µ‡¡« §‡« ¬π⁄‚µ
∑’ªß⁄°√ÿ§⁄§À‘µ ’≈ ¡“∏‘ªê⁄‚ê
ª“‡≈ ‘ ¬“« °‚æ∏‘µ‡≈ ÿπ‘Ø˛ü“.
æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…π—Èπ∑√ß· «ßÀ“ª√–‚¬™π凰◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈·°à‡À≈à“ —µ«åµâÕß
ª√– ∫∑ÿ°¢åÕ—π‰√â¢Õ∫‡¢µ„πÀ≈“¬√âÕ¬™“µ‘ ∑√ß√—°…“»’≈ ¡“∏‘ ·≈–
ªí≠≠“∑’Ë√—∫·≈â«®“°æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“∑’ªíß°√ ®π°√–∑—Ëß ”‡√Á®¥â«¬¥’ ≥
§«ß‰¡â‚æ∏‘Ï¢Õßµπ
Thus seeking the benefit of creatures, he underwent
endless suffering during a hundred births; and, in the time of
Dîpanèkara, devoted himself to wisdom, mental concentration,
and the precepts, until he accomplished his aim at the foot of his
own Bothi tree. [26]

68. 40 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÙÚ. ¬∑“¿‘π’À“√¡°“ ÿ‡¡‚∏
¬∑“ ® ¡∑⁄∑÷ Õ∑∑“ ‘«‘π⁄‚∑
‡Õµ⁄∂π⁄µ‡√ ™“µ‘ ÿ °‘ê⁄®‘‡ª°“
π‘√µ⁄∂°Ì ‚π Õ§¡“ ‘ µ ⁄ .
‡¡◊ËÕæ√–Õß§å‡ «¬æ√–™“µ‘‡ªìπ ÿ‡¡∏¥“∫ ‰¥â°√–∑”§«“¡
ª√“√∂π“æÿ∑∏¿Ÿ¡‘ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‡ «¬æ√–™“µ‘‡ªìπæ√–‡®â“ ‘«’ ‰¥âª√–∑“π
æ√–π“ß¡—∑√’ „𙓵‘∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬√–À«à“ß Ù Õ ß‰¢¬· π°—ªπ’È ·¡â™“µ‘
Àπ÷ËߢÕßæ√–Õߧå°Á¡‘‰¥â‰√âª√–‚¬™πå
When Sumedha (in the time of Dîpanèkara) made
aspirationstowardsBuddhahood,andwhenhe,asSivinda;gave
up Madî, there was not, within the births of these two periods,
even a single benefit which he did not attain. [27]

69. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 41
ÙÛ. ¡À“ ¡ÿ∑⁄‡∑ ™≈æ‘π⁄∑ÿ‚µªî
µ∑π⁄µ‡√ ™“µ‘ Õπª⁄ª°“«
π‘√π⁄µ√Ì ªŸ√‘µª“√¡’πÌ
°∂Ì ª¡“≥Ì Õÿª¡“ °ÿÀ÷ «“.
™“µ‘„π√–À«à“ßπ—Èπ¡’¡“°¡“¬¬‘Ëß°«à“À¬“¥πÈ”„π¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√„§√
®– “¡“√∂π—∫∫“√¡’∑’Ëæ√–Õߧ剥â∫”‡æÁ≠‰«âÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß À√◊Õ®–À“
Õÿª¡“∑’ˉÀπ‰¥â‡≈à“
His births during that time being as countless as the
innumerable drops of water in the great ocean-how can be
expressed the endless extent of his accomplished Pâramîs, or
where can there be found a similarity to him? [28]

70. 42 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ÙÙ. ‚¬ ¡§⁄§ª ⁄‡ ¡∏ÿ√¡⁄ææ’™Ì
©“¬“º≈µ⁄∂“¬ ¡À“™π“πÌ
‚√‡ªµ‘ µ ⁄¡÷ À‘ ¢‡≥« ‡µπ
©“¬“º‡≈ ªÿê⁄êû¡≈∑⁄∏û¡ÿ∑⁄∏Ì.
∫ÿ§§≈„¥ª≈Ÿ°‡¡≈Á¥¡–¡à«ß√ À«“π‰«â¢â“ß∑“ß ‡æ◊ËÕ√ࡇߓ·≈–
º≈·°à¡À“™π „π¢≥–π—Èππ—Ëπ·À≈–‡¢“‰¥â√—∫∫ÿ≠„π√ࡇߓ·≈–º≈„π
‚Õ°“ µàÕ‰ª ©—π„¥
He who has sown the seed of a sweet mango on the
roadside with the object of providing shade and fruit, even in the
very moment of sowing it, in virtue of the shade and the fruit (he
intends to provide), there is acquired by him whatever merit had
not been obtained before. [29]

71. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 43
Ùı. µ‡∂« Ì “√ª‡∂ ™π“πÌ
À‘µ“¬ ®µ⁄µ“π¿‘‚√ªîµ°⁄¢‡≥
‘∑⁄∏Ì« ªÿê⁄꟪√‘ µ ⁄ µ ⁄¡÷
∏πß⁄§™’«¡⁄ªî À√π⁄µ‘ ‡¬ ‡¬.
„π¢≥–∑’Ëæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«åª≈Ÿ°µπ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™π凰◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈·°àª«ß™π
„π∑“ß·Ààß ß “√ µàÕ¡“™π‡À≈à“„¥Ê π”∑√—æ¬å Õ«—¬«– À√◊Õ™’«‘µ‰ª
∫ÿ≠¬àÕ¡ ”‡√Á®·°àæ√–Õߧå„π¢≥–ª√“√∂π“æÿ∑∏¿Ÿ¡‘π—Èπ ©—ππ—Èπ
So, when he (Sumedha) planted himself for the benefit of
mankind on the road of transmigration, over him there sprang up
merit, and whoever wished divested him of his wealth, his limbs,
and life. [30]

72. 44 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ùˆ. ‚ “§‡√ ™≈∏‘°Ì √ÿ∏‘√Ì Õ∑“ ‘
¿Ÿ¡÷ ª√“™‘¬ ¡Ì ¡∑“ ‘ ∑“πÌ
‡¡√ÿª⁄ª¡“≥¡∏‘°ê⁄® ‚¡Ãî ’ Ì
‡¢ µ“√°“∏‘°µ√Ì π¬πÌ Õ∑“ ‘.
æ√–Õߧå ≈–‚≈À‘µ„Àâ¡“°°«à“πÈ”„π∑–‡≈ „Àâ‡π◊ÈÕ¢Õßµπ
‡ªìπ∑“π¡“°°«à“·ºàπ¥‘π „Àâ»’√…–∑’Ë «¡¡ß°ÿØ¡“°°«à“®”π«π‡¢“
æ√– ÿ‡¡√ÿ ·≈–„À⥫ߵ“¡“°°«à“π—°…—µ√∫π∑âÕßøÑ“
He gave more blood than there is water in the ocean; he
gave as offering his own flesh exceeding the earth in quantity, his
head with its crested hair surpassing Mount Meru in size, and his
eyes exceeding in number the stars in the sky. [31]

73. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 45
Ù˜. æÿ∑⁄∏“‚≈°“‚≈‡° ‚≈‡°
™“‚µ µ⁄‚µ ‚°ûπÿ¡⁄¡µ⁄‚µ
æÿ∑⁄∏Ì ÿ∑⁄∏Ì ‚Õ¶“µ‘≥⁄≥Ì
∑⁄‚∏ ªê⁄‚ê ‚° ‚π «π⁄‡∑.
„§√‡≈à“ºŸâ‰¡à«‘°≈®√‘µ„π‚≈°∑’Ë «à“߉ «¥â«¬· ß «à“ߧ◊Õ
æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ºŸâ¡’»√—∑∏“∑√ߪí≠≠“ ®–‰¡àæ÷ßπ∫‰À«âæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ºâŸ
∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϢⓡÀâ«ß°‘‡≈ ‰¥â·≈â«
Who, not being insane in the world brightened with
Buddha’s light and having faith and intelligence, would not bow
down to and adore the Buddha who, having crossed the ocean
of defilements, is pure.
Ù¯. §¡⁄¿’√“ª“√∑“π“∑‘- “§‡√ ÿ À‘ ∂“¡ “
µ√π⁄‚µ ¡∑⁄∑‘∑“‡ππ π‘Ø˛ü“‡ªµ⁄«“𠪓√¡’.
æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…∑√ߢⓡ “§√·Ààß∫“√¡’¡’∑“π‡ªìπµâπ∑’Ë≈ÿà¡≈÷°
¢â“¡‰¥â¬“°¥â«¬°”≈—ß ∑√߬—ß∫“√¡’∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬„Àâ ”‡√Á®¥â«¬°“√
ª√–∑“πæ√–π“ß¡—∑√’
Crossing verily by his power over the deep oceans of the
waterofcharity,etc.,andbringingthePâramîstoaconsummation
by the bestowal of Madî; [32]

74. 46 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
Ù˘. « π⁄‚µ µÿ ‘‡µ °“‡¬ ‚æ∏‘ª√‘ª“°¡“§¡“
Õ“¬“®π“¬ ‡∑«“πÌ ¡“µÿ§æ⁄¿¡ÿª“§¡‘.
æ√–Õߧåæ”π—°Õ¬Ÿà„πÀ¡Ÿà‡∑æ™—Èπ¥ÿ ‘µ ∑√ß√Õ§Õ¬§«“¡ ÿ°ßÕ¡
·Ààß‚æ∏‘≠“≥ ‰¥â‡ ¥Á®≈ß Ÿà§√√¿å¢Õßæ√–¡“√¥“µ“¡§”∑Ÿ≈‡™‘≠¢Õß
∑«¬‡∑æ
Living among the multitude in the Tusita heaven and
attaining to the maturity of knowledge, he, at the request of the
Devas, entered his mother’s womb. [33]
ı. ‚µ« ¡⁄ª™“‚π« ¡“µÿ°ÿ®⁄©‘¡⁄À‘ ‚Õ°⁄°¡‘
µ ⁄ ‚Õ°⁄°π⁄µ‘¬“ æ⁄æ“ ∑ À ⁄ ’ ª°¡⁄ª∂.
æ√–Õߧå∑√ß¡’ µ‘ —¡ª™—≠≠– À¬—Ëß≈ß Ÿà§√√¿å¢Õßæ√–¡“√¥“
À¡◊Ëπ‚≈°∏“µÿ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥À«—Ëπ‰À«·≈â«„π°“≈∑’Ëæ√–Õߧå∑√ßÀ¬—Ëß≈ß Ÿà§√√¿å
With thought and consciousness he entered his mother’
s womb; at the time of his entering it, the ten thousand worlds
quaked. [34]

75. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 47
ıÒ. µ‚µ ªÿæ⁄æπ‘¡‘µ⁄µ“π‘ æµ⁄µ÷ “π‘ µ∑“ ‘¬ÿÌ
µÿØ˛üÀØ˛ü“« “ ¡“µ“ ªÿµ⁄µÌ ª ⁄ µ‘ °ÿ®⁄©‘¬Ì.
∫ÿæπ‘¡‘µ ÛÚ ª√–°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ·≈â«„π°“≈π—Èπ ‡æ√“–°“√
ªØ‘ π∏‘¢Õßæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«åæ√–¡“√¥“π—Èπ∑√ß‚ ¡π— ¬‘π¥’∑Õ¥æ√–‡πµ√
‡ÀÁπæ√–‚Õ√ „π§√√¿å
Then at the time when he was in the womb there were
visible the thirty-two characteristics of a great man: the mother,
enraptured, sees her son in the womb. [35]
ıÚ. §æ⁄‚¿°⁄°π⁄µ’¬ ⁄‡ «Ì ‡® ‚° π“¡ê⁄‚ê µÿ‚≈⁄¬ ‡µπ
µ ⁄¡“ π‘®⁄®Ì °⁄°®⁄®Ì µÌ «π⁄‡∑ ‚æ∏÷ ªµ⁄‡∂π⁄‚µÀÌ.
„§√Õ◊Ëπ‡≈à“ºŸâÀ¬—Ëß≈ß Ÿàæ√–§√√¿å®–æ÷߇ ¡Õ°—∫æ√–¡À“∫ÿ√ÿ…π—Èπ
‡æ√“–‡Àµÿπ—Èπ ¢â“懮⓺Ÿâª√“√∂π“‚æ∏‘≠“≥¢Õπ¡— °“√æ√–Õߧ傥¬
‡§“√懪ìπ𑵬å
Who else, having entered his mother’s womb, is
comparable to the great man; for that reason, I, aspiring to the
supreme knowledge, pay honour to him always.

76. 48 ™‘ π “ ≈— ß ° “ √
ıÛ. “ ªÿ≥⁄≥§æ⁄¿“ ∑ ¡“ ‚µ ª√Ì
§π⁄µ⁄«“π ºÿ≈⁄≈Ì «√≈ÿ¡⁄æ‘π’«πÌ
ü‘µ“ §‡Àµ⁄«“ «√ “≈ “¢Ì
«‘™“¬‘ µÌ ªÿµ⁄µ«√Ì ÿ‡¢π.
¿“¬À≈—ß∑»¡“»æ√–¡“√¥“π—Èπ¡’æ√–§√√¿å§√∫°”À𥇠¥Á®
‰ª Ÿà «π≈ÿ¡æ‘π’Õ—πß“¡‡≈‘»º≈‘¥Õ°∫“π –æ√—Ëß ª√–∑—∫¬◊π‡Àπ’ˬ«°‘Ëß
µâπ “≈–Õ—πߥߓ¡ ª√– Ÿµ‘æ√–‚Õ√ ºâŸª√–‡ √‘∞π—Èπ‚¥¬ßà“¬
She, on coming to her full time, after ten months, went to
the excellent Lumbini grove in bloom, stood holding the excellent
branch of a tree, and easily gave birth to that excellent son. [36]

77. æ √ – §— π ∏ “ √ “ ¿‘ « ß »å : ·ª≈ 49
ıÙ. µ∑“ À ⁄ ’∑ ‚≈°∏“µÿ ÿ
‡∑«“ ® 𓧓 Õ ÿ√“ ® ¬°⁄¢“
π“π“∑‘ “ ¡ß⁄§≈®°⁄°«“Ãè
ÿ¡ß⁄§≈“¡ß⁄§≈¡“§¡÷ ÿ.
„π§√—Èßπ—Èπ ‡∑«¥“ π“§ Õ Ÿ√ ·≈–¬—°…å„πÀ¡◊Ëπ‚≈°∏“µÿ ∂◊Õ‡Õ“
¢Õߡߧ≈Õ—πߥߓ¡¥’·≈â« ¡“®“°∑‘»“πÿ∑‘» Ÿà®—°√«“≈∑’Ë¡’¡ß§≈π’È
‚¥¬¥”√‘«à“ ‡√“®–©≈Õߡߧ≈ª√– Ÿµ‘¢Õßæ√–‚æ∏‘ —µ«å
Then Devas and Nâgas, Asuras and Yakkhas, of the ten
thousand worlds, from all sides came in raptures of delight to the
blessed world-system. [37]