This document defines grammatical signals and patterns of idea development. It identifies four patterns: general to particular, cause and effect, problem-solution, and claim and counterclaim. Examples of each pattern are provided along with common grammatical signals used to link ideas within each pattern. The document also provides examples of how to identify patterns and signals in sample paragraphs.

1. Good Day,
everyone!
Prepared by:
Ma. Nichole L. Jugao

2. Objectives
define grammatical
signals,
identify the different patterns
of idea development, and
distinguish appropriate
grammatical signals to each
pattern of idea development

3. Guess me:
What am I?

4. _ _ _ _
GRAM

5. _ _ _ _
MATH

6. _ _ _
TEA

7. _ _ _ _
CALL

8. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
SIGNAL

9. Guess me: What am I?
Grammatical Signals

10. What is Idea
development ?
•essential in writing
•organizing ideas in a logical and clear
manner that suits the writer’s purpose.
•it is necessary to use appropriate
grammatical signals or expressions

11. What is grammatical
signals?
• writing devices such as
transitional devices,
connectors, determiners, and
repetitions that are used to
maintain text coherence or
consistency.

12. Pattern of idea
development
•General to Particular
•Cause and Effect
•Problem-Solution
•Claim and Counterclaim

13. General
to
Particular

14. EXAMPLES:
• First, Second, Third
• Next
• as an example
• in addition to
• for example
• such as
• specifically, for example, for
instance
• a method of writing that
discusses the broad
topic using specific
details that supports the
topic.

15. The eight rays of the sun
represented the first eight
provinces that fought against
Spanish colonial rule, such as:
Manila, Cavite, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Laguna,
Tarlac, and Batangas.

16. Cause
and
Effect

17. EXAMPLE
• Cause – if, for, since, due to,
because, resulting from
• Effect – so, thus, then, as a
result, in effect leads to
• is a paragraph
development that
shows how event are
influenced by or
caused by others
usually followed by the
effects of the cause.
• Consequently, that is why
as a result

18. He failed the test because of his
bad study habits

19. Problem-
Solution

20. EXAMPLE
• Because, Cause, Since
• As a result,
• In order to
• And so that,
• As a solution
• And one way,
• First solution
• It is recommended
• In order to
• divides the
information into two,
one that describes the
problem and one that
describes the solution.

21. Global warming is the biggest
enemy that humankind is facing
today, but there are many ways to
combat this problem.

22. Claim
and
Counterclaim

23. EXAMPLE
• however, nevertheless
• on one hand, on the other
hand
• admittedly, some people say
• some may say, of course
• nevertheless,
• and but not only that.
• this is used when there
one more side in the
argument, where you
assert something is
true as your main
argument while
counterclaim is stating
why the opposing
viewpoint is wrong.

24. Despite of its contribution to the
economy, cigarettes should be
banned for they pose as a threat
to people’s health.

25. Clouds can be classified into three major groups. High
clouds are a group of clouds that are 5-13 km. away from the
Earth’s surface. Examples of these clouds are known as Cirrus,
Cirrostratus, and Cirrocumulus. Middle clouds are another
group of clouds that are 2-7 km. away from the Earth’s surface.
Examples of middle clouds are Altocumulus and Altostratus.
Low clouds are the last group of clouds. They are 2 km. away
from the Earth’s surface. Specifically, these clouds are the
Stratus, Stratocumulus, and Nimbostratus. With these being
said, these clouds are grouped according to their distance from
the Earth’s surface.

26. Regular exercise brings many benefits to your health.
First, it improves blood circulation and can result to a strong
heart. Because of these, it reduces the risk of heart disease,
high cholesterol, and diabetes. When you exercise, your bones
and muscles will be strengthened which can slow down the
loss of bone density that comes when you age. As a result, it
can help you maintain or increase your muscle mass and
strength. Also, regular exercise improves your mental health
and mood. During an exercise, your body releases chemicals
that can improve your mood and make you feel more relaxed.
As an effect, it can help you deal with stress and reduce your
risk of depression. These are the benefits that you get when
you exercise.

27. People believe that rock music can make teenagers
rebellious because of its lyrics but, I don’t think it is
enough to make them go against society. They say rock
music concentrates mostly on antisocial subjects which
influence teenagers’ view toward society. However, a
study shows that an average teenager would not take the
music seriously, for he or she concentrates more on the
musical value of the song rather than the inner meaning of
the lyrics. Thus, even though the lyrics in rock music show
social rebellion, it does not make teenagers rebel against
society.

28. Drug abuse is one of the leading social issues in many
countries. This problem has been the cause of many crimes
and health concerns. However, the threat of prohibited
drugs can be fought. One way to solve this is through
education. Everyone needs to be educated about the
dangers of using prohibited drugs. People need to be aware
of the harmful effects of these drugs to their health, family,
career, and society. Another solution is to increase police
manpower and create effective laws to stop dealers. If the
authorities will strictly impose these laws, this problem
will be addressed. Drug abuse is a threat, but if the
community and the government will act together, this
problem will be controlled.

29. Group
Them Up!

30. General-
Specific
Claim –
Counterclaim
Problem-
Solution
Cause-and-
Effect

31. Write
on
Petals!

32. Using the semantic
web, you are will
give words or
phrases that can
associate or connect
to grammatical
signals.

33. Wait there’s
more!

34. Example
Shaira was not able to study before her examination as a result she
was not able to get high scores.
Answer: Cause and effect – as a result
Direction: Read the following sentences and identify
what pattern of development is used. Then, find the
signal word/s used. Write your answer in your answer ¼
sheet of paper.

35. 1. Johnny wanted to be a doctor in order to help others especially the poor ones, as a
result he decided to focus on his studies so that he can achieve his dream.
2. Ana’s family suffered a lot, but they never allowed anything to break their family
apart. They continued to work hard together.
3. Others believed that the virus is not real, however, the number of deaths in the world
proves that the danger is real.
4. Jen had learned how to be safe when going outside. First she needs to weather mask
and then maintain a distance from others.
5. We are hoping for a better future for us to be able to be with others again till the next
school year.

36. 1. Johnny wanted to be a doctor in order to help others especially the poor ones, as a
result he decided to focus on his studies so that he can achieve his dream.
2. Ana’s family suffered a lot, but they never allowed anything to break their family
apart. They continued to work hard together.
3. Others believed that the virus is not real, however, the number of deaths in the world
proves that the danger is real.
Claim and counterclaim – however
Cause and effect – as a result
Problem-solution – but

37. 4. Jen had learned how to be safe when going outside. First she needs to weather mask
and then maintain a distance from others.
5. We are hoping for a better future for us to be able to be with others again till the next
school year.
General to particular - first
Cause and effect – for

38. Directions: Write at least a
five-sentence paragraph
about the issue conveyed in
the picture using a pattern
of idea development with
its appropriate grammatical
signals. A rubric is given
below for your guidance.
Write your paragraph on a
separate sheet of paper.
Let’s Write!

39. That ends
our class for
today, have a
great day
everyone!