This document discusses two figures of speech: hyperbole, which uses exaggeration for emphasis, as seen in examples like "I ate a mountain of ice cream"; and litotes, which uses understatement through double negatives or negating a positive statement, such as "They don't seem the unhappiest" or "I am not as young as I used to not be." Both figures of speech are derived from Greek words and employ exaggeration or understatement for rhetorical effect.