The Renaissance was a period of cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. During this time, classical philosophy, literature, and art were rediscovered, promoting humanism. Mathematics advanced as well, with important figures like Luca Pacioli, considered the "Father of Accounting", Scipione del Ferro, who solved cubic equations, and Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia, who studied ballistics and translated works of Archimedes and Euclid. The Renaissance was a pivotal era that helped transition Europe out of the Middle Ages.

1. THE RENAISSANCE
MATHEMATICS

2. THE RENAISSANCE WAS A FERVENT PERIOD
OF EUROPEAN CULTURAL, ARTISTIC,
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC “REBIRTH”
FOLLOWING THE MIDDLE AGES. GENERALLY
DESCRIBED AS TAKING PLACE FROM THE
14TH CENTURY TO THE 17TH CENTURY,
THE RENAISSANCE PROMOTED THE
REDISCOVERY OF CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY,
LITERATURE AND ART
Renaissance

3. * Event following the collapse of rome
* Series of rainfall and colder climate; compared to the great flood of Genesis
* Disastrous crop failure led to famine
* Town lost 10 percent of their inhabitant in 6 months
“Little ice age”

4. “BLACK OF DEATH”
• Cause of the Black Death.
• The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague or the Plague, or less commonly the Black
Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths
of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to
1351.
• Lasted for several years and returned in interval for 12 – 15 years.
• Great Plague of London in 1665 was the last English eruption.
• 800 people died each day in Paris.
• 10,000 people were buried in a single mass grave the first 6 weeks.

5. “THE SMOKE OF
WAR”
• War was also a factor during this time.
• Hundred Year’s War
• Those who survived the plague may not gave been so lucky in the war.
• Populations of towns still decreasing.

6. Algebra in the Renaissance
The general cultural movement of the renaissance in Europe had a profound impact also
on the mathematics of the time. Italy was especially impacted. The Italian merchants of the
time travelled widely throughout the East, bringing goods back in hopes of making a
profit.

7. LUCA PAICOLI
Fra Luca Bartolomeo de Pacioli (sometimes Paccioli or Paciolo; c. 1447 – 19
June 1517)[3] was an Italian mathematician, Franciscan friar, collaborator
with Leonardo da Vinci, and an early contributor to the field now known as
accounting. He is referred to as "The Father of Accounting and Bookkeeping"
in Europe and he was the second person to publish a work on the double-entry
system of book-keeping on the continent.[4][a] He was also called Luca di
Borgo after his birthplace, Borgo Sansepolcro, Tuscany.

8. LIFE
Luca Pacioli was born between 1446 and 1448 in the Tuscan town
of Sansepolcro where he received an abbaco education. This was education in the
vernacular (i.e., the local tongue) rather than Latin and focused on the knowledge
required of merchants. His father was Bartolomeo Pacioli; however, Luca Pacioli
was said to have lived with the Befolci family as a child in his birth town
Sansepolcro.[6] He moved to Venice around 1464, where he continued his own
education while working as a tutor to the three sons of a merchant. It was during
this period that he wrote his first book, a treatise on arithmetic for the boys he was
tutoring. Between 1472 and 1475, he became a Franciscan friar.[6] Thus, he could
be referred to as Fra ('Friar') Luca.

9. IMPORTANCE
Luca Pacioli introduced the use of journals and ledgers in accounting systems and warned
that the accountant must not sleep until the debits are equaled to credits. The ledgers he
introduced were based on assets receivables and inventories, liabilities, capital,
expenditure and income accounts.

10. ACHIEVEMENT
• Famous For: The Father of Modern Accounting
• Luca Pacioli. Luca Pacioli was an Italian accountant and mathematician. He developed the
field of accounting, and he is sometimes referred to as its father. He also collaborated with
Leonardo da Vinci, teaching him mathematics, and may have worked with him on a book of
chess strategy.
• Born: 1445 in Sansepulcro, Tuscany, Italy
• Nationality: Italian

11. SUMMA DE ARITHMETICA
Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita (Summary
of arithmetic, geometry, proportions and proportionality) is a book on
mathematics written by Luca Pacioli and first published in 1494. It contains
a comprehensive summary of Renaissance mathematics, including practical
arithmetic, basic algebra, basic geometry and accounting, written in Italian
for use as a textbook.
The Summa is the first printed work on algebra in a vernacular language,
and it contains the first published description of the double-entry
bookkeeping system.[1] It set a new standard for writing and argumentation
about algebra,[2] and its impact upon the subsequent development and
standardization of professional accounting methods was so great that Picioli
is sometimes referred to as the "father of accounting.

12. GEOMETRIA
Geometria is a 1987 short fantasy horror comedy film written and directed by Guillermo del Toro. It is based
loosely on Fredric Brown's short story, Naturally, which was originally published in Beyond Fantasy Fiction and
later reprinted in the short story collection Honeymoon in Hell.[1] Geometria was shot in Guadalajara, Jalisco
in Mexico. It is the tenth short film del Toro directed, though all but 1985's Doña Lupe remain unreleased.
Del Toro was not satisfied with the original cut of the film, and said that he was not able to finish it the way he
wanted to at the time.[2] A director's cut of the film, slightly shorter than the 1987 cut, with a new music score
composed by Christopher Drake was included on The Criterion Collection's 2010 release of del Toro's 1993
feature film debut, Cronos.

13. SCIPIONE DEL FERRO
Scipione del Ferro (6 February 1465 – 5 November 1526) was
an Italian mathematician who first discovered a method to solve the
depressed cubic equation.

14. LIFE
Scipione del Ferro was born in Bologna, in northern Italy, to Floriano and Filippa Ferro.
His father, Floriano, worked in the paper industry, which owed its existence to the
invention of the press in the 1450s and which probably allowed Scipione to access various
works during early stages of his life. He married and had a daughter, who was named
Filippa after his mother.
He likely studied at the University of Bologna, where he was appointed a lecturer
in Arithmetic and Geometry in 1496. During his last years, he also undertook commercial
work.

15. IMPORATANCE
• Died: 5 November 1526 in Bologna, Papal States (now Italy) Scipione del
Ferro is sometimes known as Ferreo, sometimes as Ferro, and sometimes
as dal Ferro. His role in the history of mathematics is an important one
and he deserves great credit for solving one of the outstanding ancient
problems of mathematics.

16. ACHIEVEMENT
• Scipione del Ferro is sometimes known as Ferreo, sometimes as Ferro, and
sometimes as dal Ferro. His role in the history of mathematics is an important one
and he deserves great credit for solving one of the outstanding ancient problems
mathematics.

17. NICCOLÒ FONTANA TARTAGLIA
• Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (Italian: [nikkoˈlɔ ffonˈtaːna tarˈtaʎʎa]; 1499/1500, Brescia – 13 December
1557, Venice) was an Italian mathematician, engineer (designing fortifications), a surveyor (of
topography, seeking the best means of defense or offense) and a bookkeeper from the then-Republic
of Venice (now part of Italy). He published many books, including the first Italian translations of
Archimedes and Euclid, and an acclaimed compilation of mathematics. Tartaglia was the first to apply
mathematics to the investigation of the paths of cannonballs, known as ballistics, in his Nova Scientia
(A New Science); his work was later partially validated and partially superseded by Galileo's studies
on falling bodies. He also published a treatise on retrieving sunken ships

18. LIFE
• Niccolò Fontana was the son of Michele Fontana, a dispatch rider who travelled to neighboring towns
to deliver mail. But in 1506, Michele was murdered by robbers, and Niccolò, his two siblings, and his
mother were left impoverished. Niccolò experienced further tragedy in 1512 when the King Louis
XII's troops invaded Brescia during the War of the League of Cambrai against Venice. The militia of
Brescia defended their city for seven days. When the French finally broke through, they took their
revenge by massacring the inhabitants of Brescia. By the end of battle, over 45,000 residents were
killed. During the massacre, Niccolò and his family sought sanctuary in the local cathedral. But the
French entered and a soldier sliced Niccolò's jaw and palate with a saber and left him for dead. His
mother nursed him back to health but the young boy was left with a speech impediment, prompting
the nickname "Tartaglia" ("stammerer"). After this he would never shave, and grew a beard to
camouflage his scars

19. NICCOLÒ FONTANA TARTAGLIA
• Niccolò Fontana became known as Tartaglia (meaning “the stammerer”) for a speech defect he
suffered due to an injury he received in a battle against the invading French army.

20. IMPORTANCE
• Niccolo Tartaglia had one of the worst childhoods of any of the scientists whose lives we have
considered. He survived to makeimportant contributions in physics, with his book New Science
launching the modern science of ballistics; and in mathematics, where he provided general solutions
for cubic equations.