The document summarizes a study that investigated the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of dried seed extracts of Maranthes polyandra. Key findings include:
1) Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroidal triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, and trace amounts of alkaloids in the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts.
2) The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest inhibition zone (29mm) against Candida stellatoidea. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts inhibited growth of many test organisms at a concentration of 3.75mg/mL.
3) The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of most extracts against
Antimicrobial activity of herbal productionkarimbscdu
The use of plants in treatment of burns, dermatophytes and infectious diseases is common in traditional medicine. The development of new antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens is increasing interest. Therefore, the methanolic extracts from different parts of four medicinal plants used locally in folk medicine were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. It was found that most plant extracts studied had antibacterial and antifungal activities. The methanolic extract of leaf of the plant Azadiracta indica, Acacia nilotica and Witania somnifera showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, stphaylocuccus aureus and pseudomonas fluorescence. Azadiracta indica and A.tinolica showed significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, Ziziphus mauritiana. The rhizome extract of curcuma longa showed significant activity against all tested bacteria and showed higher anti fungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACS AGAINST PLANT PATHOG...IJSIT Editor
The aim of this work was to find an alternative to chemical fungicides currently used in the control
plant pathogenic fungi Rhizoctoniasolani ,ColletotrichummusaeandFusariumoxysporum,. The antifungal
activity of the methanol extracts of six medicinal plants used in native medicine in Sri Lanka is reported.All
plant extracts were screened for their fungistatic, fungicidal activities and minimum inhibitory dilution (MID)
against above fungi. The media amended with methanol and recommended fungicide for respective fungal
strain were consider as negative and positive control respectively.Results showed that radial growth in all the
three tested organisms was significantly impaired (p<0.05) by the addition of the extracts in the culture
medium used. The test fungi differed in their reaction to the different extracts but on the whole, growth
inhibition increased with the concentration of each extract. The most active extracts, shows a marked effect of
the 20% methanol extracts from sweet flag with inhibition values of 91%, 86% and 84 % for F. oxysporum,R.
solani and C.muceawhereas those from wild basil inhibited the growth of the same pathogens by 89%, 84%
and 74%.The results showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 5 % (v/v) for sweet flag and wild
basil and 20% (v/v) for all other plant crude extracts. Out of six plants extract screened, wild basil and sweet
flag showed more than 80% fungal inhibition after 6 hour immersion and other extracts could not exceed
60% inhibition after any exposure time. The study revealed that methanol crude extract of sweet flag and
wild basil exhibit strong fungistatic and fungicidal activities against tested fungi. These results support the
potential use of these plant extracts in the management of diseases caused by tested plant pathogenic fungi.
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Antifungal activities and phytochemical screening of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. Five phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii were tested at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml) of selected plant extracts. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antifungal activity of extracts was determined by poisoned food technique; and linear mycelium growth reduction (LMGR) percentage was calculated. The distilled water extracts inhibited the growth of fungal mycelium while methanolic extracts completely inhibited (100%) the growth of some selected fungi at higher concentrations. Fusarium oxysporum was the most susceptible fungus while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were the most resistant fungi.
Key words: Antifungal activities, phytochemical screening, Xanthium strumarium, Linear Mycelium Growth Reduction (LMGR)
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
Antimicrobial activity of herbal productionkarimbscdu
The use of plants in treatment of burns, dermatophytes and infectious diseases is common in traditional medicine. The development of new antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens is increasing interest. Therefore, the methanolic extracts from different parts of four medicinal plants used locally in folk medicine were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. It was found that most plant extracts studied had antibacterial and antifungal activities. The methanolic extract of leaf of the plant Azadiracta indica, Acacia nilotica and Witania somnifera showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, stphaylocuccus aureus and pseudomonas fluorescence. Azadiracta indica and A.tinolica showed significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, Ziziphus mauritiana. The rhizome extract of curcuma longa showed significant activity against all tested bacteria and showed higher anti fungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACS AGAINST PLANT PATHOG...IJSIT Editor
The aim of this work was to find an alternative to chemical fungicides currently used in the control
plant pathogenic fungi Rhizoctoniasolani ,ColletotrichummusaeandFusariumoxysporum,. The antifungal
activity of the methanol extracts of six medicinal plants used in native medicine in Sri Lanka is reported.All
plant extracts were screened for their fungistatic, fungicidal activities and minimum inhibitory dilution (MID)
against above fungi. The media amended with methanol and recommended fungicide for respective fungal
strain were consider as negative and positive control respectively.Results showed that radial growth in all the
three tested organisms was significantly impaired (p<0.05) by the addition of the extracts in the culture
medium used. The test fungi differed in their reaction to the different extracts but on the whole, growth
inhibition increased with the concentration of each extract. The most active extracts, shows a marked effect of
the 20% methanol extracts from sweet flag with inhibition values of 91%, 86% and 84 % for F. oxysporum,R.
solani and C.muceawhereas those from wild basil inhibited the growth of the same pathogens by 89%, 84%
and 74%.The results showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 5 % (v/v) for sweet flag and wild
basil and 20% (v/v) for all other plant crude extracts. Out of six plants extract screened, wild basil and sweet
flag showed more than 80% fungal inhibition after 6 hour immersion and other extracts could not exceed
60% inhibition after any exposure time. The study revealed that methanol crude extract of sweet flag and
wild basil exhibit strong fungistatic and fungicidal activities against tested fungi. These results support the
potential use of these plant extracts in the management of diseases caused by tested plant pathogenic fungi.
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Antifungal activities and phytochemical screening of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. Five phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii were tested at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml) of selected plant extracts. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antifungal activity of extracts was determined by poisoned food technique; and linear mycelium growth reduction (LMGR) percentage was calculated. The distilled water extracts inhibited the growth of fungal mycelium while methanolic extracts completely inhibited (100%) the growth of some selected fungi at higher concentrations. Fusarium oxysporum was the most susceptible fungus while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were the most resistant fungi.
Key words: Antifungal activities, phytochemical screening, Xanthium strumarium, Linear Mycelium Growth Reduction (LMGR)
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Cochlospermum planchonii Roots Crude Ext...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether of
Cochlospermum planchonii root extracts on some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms were
investigated using conventional microbiological and microdilution indicator technique. Phytochemical
screenings were also carried on the extracts. The root extracts of the plant exhibited antibacterial activities
against reference strains and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii. However, the susceptibility pattern of the bacteria did not
differ significantly from each other (p>0.05). The methanolic root extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial
activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 1.25 mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml; and its zones
of inhibition diameter on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 12mm. The petroleum
ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.00mg/ml and
its zones of inhibition diameter ranging between 4mm and 7mm. The bioactive constituents in the plant were
alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and sterols. The methanolic extracts of root appeared to be
more biologically active than other extracts and may be more useful in treating human infections caused by
these pathogens.
Multidrug resistant microorganisms are globally becoming a major confrontment because of illogical use of antibiotics and this played a good role in investigation about the antibacterial compounds in plants. Thus, the present study investigate for the antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , CommiphoramyrrhaL. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves products against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plants samples extracted by soxhlet with methanol and fractionation with and four solution ( chloroform, hexane, water and ethyl acetate) were used for investigation about antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. The results showed that methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of C. longa L. rhizomes , C. myrrha L. gums showed biological activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria, but methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of G. biloba L. leaves product didn’t show any activity as antibacterial substance. It can be concluded that the presence of secondary metabolites as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins in the plants under study would be marked a good anti-bacterial effect.
Antibacterial activity of naturally obtained plant that gives a antibacterial activity and some anti malarial activity functions also.This plant majorly seen in hills areas.
Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mangifera indi...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRAC...IJSIT Editor
The leaves of the plant Annonareticulata were collected and extracted using different ranges of polar
organic solvents like low (Ethyl acetate), medium (Butanol) and high (Methanol). Qualitative analysis and
antimicrobial activity was investigated. The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed that the
presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and coumarins. The Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts
showed better antibacterial activity, the significant inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
putida and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and thus displayed highest inhibitory zone of 19.5mm, 19mm and 19mm
when compared to Butanol. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the Ethyl acetate, Butanol and Methanol extract of
A.reticulata revealed the presence of -CH, -OH, CH-OH and –NH2 bond stretching. The clinical isolates were
collected from patients suffered from different microbial infections. The antibacterial and antifungal activity
was determined by using leaf extracts.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Indian medicinal plants have a traditional
background that they have potential to use as antimicrobial agents.
Pedalium murex showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity
against three fungal strains Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,
Candida albicans and five bacterial strains Escherichia coli,
Staphylococus epidermis, Klebseilla pneumonia,Citrobactor
diverses, Enterococus faecalis.The Ethanolic extracts were tested
against selected test bacteria and fungi through disc diffusion assay
where amoxicillin was used as standard. The results showed that
alcoholic extract possess good antimicrobial activity against selected
test bacteria and fungi. The present results therefore offer a
scientific basis for traditional use of the various extract of Pedalium
murex
Invitro Study of Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Root Extract of Rauvolfia...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this study Methanolic and chloroform leaf and root extract of Rauvolfia serpentina was studied for its antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of leaf and root extracts was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia by disc diffusion method. Methanolic extract of root was showed the maximum zone of inhibition for all test organisms than the leaf extract. According to observations of root extract of 50µl/ml concentration 15.4mm, 16.2mm, 12.3mm,10.1mm and 15.0mm zones of inhibition and for concentration of 100µl/ml 22.5mm, 23.1mm, 15.1mm, 18.0mm, 22.0mm zones of inhibition were formed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively. 50µl/ml concentration of leaf and root chloroform extracts showed no zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, maximum zone of inhibition was observed 15.0mm and 15.5mm against E. coli for leaf and root chloroform extract respectively. 100µl/ml concentration showed maximum zone of inhibition against all test organisms for both leaf and root extracts. All the bacteria were more susceptible to methanolic extracts than the chloroform extracts.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Open letter to APEPDCL and other DISCOMs anywhere in the world if they are in...Krishna Ambatipudi
This is a letter written to APEPDCL in A.P but can be viewed by any other DISCOMs anywhere in the world if they are interested to implement solar roof top systems with gross and net metering
In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Cochlospermum planchonii Roots Crude Ext...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether of
Cochlospermum planchonii root extracts on some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms were
investigated using conventional microbiological and microdilution indicator technique. Phytochemical
screenings were also carried on the extracts. The root extracts of the plant exhibited antibacterial activities
against reference strains and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii. However, the susceptibility pattern of the bacteria did not
differ significantly from each other (p>0.05). The methanolic root extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial
activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 1.25 mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml; and its zones
of inhibition diameter on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 12mm. The petroleum
ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.00mg/ml and
its zones of inhibition diameter ranging between 4mm and 7mm. The bioactive constituents in the plant were
alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and sterols. The methanolic extracts of root appeared to be
more biologically active than other extracts and may be more useful in treating human infections caused by
these pathogens.
Multidrug resistant microorganisms are globally becoming a major confrontment because of illogical use of antibiotics and this played a good role in investigation about the antibacterial compounds in plants. Thus, the present study investigate for the antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , CommiphoramyrrhaL. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves products against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plants samples extracted by soxhlet with methanol and fractionation with and four solution ( chloroform, hexane, water and ethyl acetate) were used for investigation about antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. The results showed that methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of C. longa L. rhizomes , C. myrrha L. gums showed biological activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria, but methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of G. biloba L. leaves product didn’t show any activity as antibacterial substance. It can be concluded that the presence of secondary metabolites as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins in the plants under study would be marked a good anti-bacterial effect.
Antibacterial activity of naturally obtained plant that gives a antibacterial activity and some anti malarial activity functions also.This plant majorly seen in hills areas.
Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mangifera indi...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRAC...IJSIT Editor
The leaves of the plant Annonareticulata were collected and extracted using different ranges of polar
organic solvents like low (Ethyl acetate), medium (Butanol) and high (Methanol). Qualitative analysis and
antimicrobial activity was investigated. The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed that the
presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and coumarins. The Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts
showed better antibacterial activity, the significant inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
putida and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and thus displayed highest inhibitory zone of 19.5mm, 19mm and 19mm
when compared to Butanol. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the Ethyl acetate, Butanol and Methanol extract of
A.reticulata revealed the presence of -CH, -OH, CH-OH and –NH2 bond stretching. The clinical isolates were
collected from patients suffered from different microbial infections. The antibacterial and antifungal activity
was determined by using leaf extracts.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Indian medicinal plants have a traditional
background that they have potential to use as antimicrobial agents.
Pedalium murex showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity
against three fungal strains Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,
Candida albicans and five bacterial strains Escherichia coli,
Staphylococus epidermis, Klebseilla pneumonia,Citrobactor
diverses, Enterococus faecalis.The Ethanolic extracts were tested
against selected test bacteria and fungi through disc diffusion assay
where amoxicillin was used as standard. The results showed that
alcoholic extract possess good antimicrobial activity against selected
test bacteria and fungi. The present results therefore offer a
scientific basis for traditional use of the various extract of Pedalium
murex
Invitro Study of Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Root Extract of Rauvolfia...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this study Methanolic and chloroform leaf and root extract of Rauvolfia serpentina was studied for its antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of leaf and root extracts was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia by disc diffusion method. Methanolic extract of root was showed the maximum zone of inhibition for all test organisms than the leaf extract. According to observations of root extract of 50µl/ml concentration 15.4mm, 16.2mm, 12.3mm,10.1mm and 15.0mm zones of inhibition and for concentration of 100µl/ml 22.5mm, 23.1mm, 15.1mm, 18.0mm, 22.0mm zones of inhibition were formed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively. 50µl/ml concentration of leaf and root chloroform extracts showed no zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, maximum zone of inhibition was observed 15.0mm and 15.5mm against E. coli for leaf and root chloroform extract respectively. 100µl/ml concentration showed maximum zone of inhibition against all test organisms for both leaf and root extracts. All the bacteria were more susceptible to methanolic extracts than the chloroform extracts.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Open letter to APEPDCL and other DISCOMs anywhere in the world if they are in...Krishna Ambatipudi
This is a letter written to APEPDCL in A.P but can be viewed by any other DISCOMs anywhere in the world if they are interested to implement solar roof top systems with gross and net metering
As demand for digital talent reaches a crescendo, CIOs are increasingly embracing an Uber-like approach to filling key technical roles throughout their organizations.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF AQUEOUS AND PETROLEUM ETHER LEAF EXTRACTS OF JATRO...IJSIT Editor
The experiment was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial property of aqueous and Petroleum
ether leaf extracts of Jatrophacurcas against some gram positive micro-organisms: Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus subtilis and some gram negative micro-organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi using
antibiotics; Gentamycin as control. The phytochemical screening of aqueous and petroleum ether extracts
showed the presences of cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenes, tannins, phlobatannins, anthraguinones
and saponins. The disc diffusion techniques was used to test the sensitivity of the micro-organism to the
extracts of Jatrophacurcas the results obtained show mean zones of inhibition between (19 + 0.6mm) to (30 +
0.3mm) for aqueous extract and (24 + 0.5mm) to (35 + 0.8mm) for petroleum ether extract. Micro-organisms
showed sensitivity in the following order: E.coli;(17 + 0.3mm) and (25 + 0.8mm), S.aureus; (26 + 0.2mm) and
(28 + 0.6mm), B.subtilis; (16 + 0.1mm) and (20 + 0.7mm), and S.typhi (25 + 0.2mm) and (27 + 0.6mm) for
aqueous and petroleum ether extracts respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for both
extracts show that the extracts inhibited the growth of the entire test organism at concentration 0.6mg/ml.
This result thus suggests the potency of Jatrophacurcas as an antimicrobial agent especially at the
concentration employed.
Anti-Oxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Plants produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, making them a rich source of
different types of medicines and healing properties. The present study was aimed to
evaluate the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial properties of stem and root of T. cordifolia.
Total phenolic contents of different solvent extracts were determined and found that ethanol
extract had the highest phenolic content of 0.3213 mg g-1. Antioxidant assays were also
carried out by using different in vitro models such as total reducing power, hydrogen
peroxide scavenging activity assay and hydroxyl redical scavenging activity. The Ethanol
extract showed the highest total antioxidant activity. The H2O2 scavenging and hydroxyl
free radical scavenging activity was maximum 87.2 % and 91.0% found in case of ethanolic
steam extract respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extract of
root and stem of T. cordifolia were also evaluated against some pathogenic microorganisms
viz. E. coli, B. subtilis, A. niger and Candida sp. it was found that the various concentration
of extract viz. 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg ml-1 were tested. It was observed that the
increasing in concentration there was also increasing in antimicrobial activity reveled by
increase in size of zone of inhibition. The methanolic stem extract exhibits highest
antimicrobial activity against all four pathogens. The study shown that the extract of T.
cordifolia has a wide range of anti-oxidant as well as antimicrobial activity against bacterial
as well as fungal pathogens.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties from extract of Alchorne...Uploadworld
This study involved a survey on the use of extract of Alchornea cordifolia a medicinal plant used locally in Cameroon as traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of Cochlospermum...iosrjce
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic, hot water, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of
Choclospermum planchonii leaf were tested against some clinical bacterial isolates and reference organisms.
The phytochemical screenings of the extracts were also carried out. The leaf extracts of the plant exhibited
antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhii and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28923),
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853. The methanolic leaf extracts
exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.31
and 1.25 mg/ml; and its zones of inhibition on the various test microorganisms ranging between 8mm and 13
mm. The petroleum ether extracts had the weakest antibacterial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) ranging between 2.50mg/ml and 5.00mg/ml and its inhibition zone ranging between 4mm and 8mm. The
phytochemical constituents present in the plant were alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and
sterols. The methanolic extracts of the leaf exhibited potentially biological activity than other extracts. This
indicates that the plant leaf could be useful in the treatment of human infections caused by these pathogens. The
antibacterial activities of the methanolic leaf extract may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds.
Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Methanolic Extract of S. Caryophyllatum (L.) A...iosrjce
S.caryophyllatum (L.) Alston belongs to the family Myrtaceae is an endangered species. It possesses
traditional as well as pharmacological properties. The objective of the present investigation was to find out the
antibacterial activity of S. caryophyllatum leaf methanolic extract against some human pathogenic bacteria. It
was followed by Disc Diffusion method using gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains such as
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina lutea, Esherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Spp., Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis. The result showed that the
inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis (24mm) was high when compared to E. coli (21mm) and Bacillus cereus
(20mm).This effect on the bacterial strains may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites present in the
leaf methanolic extract of Syzygium caryophyllatum.
A Preliminary Study on Phytochemical Screening of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorb...ijtsrd
Medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individuals and communities. The medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constitution and antioxidant activity of Aqueous extracts of three selected plant Boerhaavia diffusa, Euphorbia hirta and Amaranthus polygonoides. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, Steroids, phenols, tannin and carbohydrates in Boerhaavia diffusa and Euphorbia hirta where as in Amaranthus polygon ides many phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, Steroids, terpenoids, phenols, saponin, tannin and carbohydrates were present. Antioxidants are the compounds which terminate the attack of reactive species and reduce the risk of diseases. The free radicals oxidants are species with very short half life, high reactivity and damaging activity towards macromolecules like proteins, DNA and lipids. The results of antioxidant activity of three aqueous extract showed maximum activity in different concentration of 50, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg ml. The percent inhibition of aqueous extract of Boerhavia diffusa , Euphorbia hirta , Amaranthus polygonoides was 176.15, 404.78 and 413.06 respectively. In the present work potent anti oxidant activity of aqueous extract of Boerhaavia diffusa was higher when compared to other two extracts. The present study revealed that the plant extract possessed good antioxidant activity and less quantity of toxic metals, which therefore can be used as a natural source of free radical scavenger. However, further study needs to be carried out to know its mode of action. R. Ezhilarasi | Dr. B. Senthilkumar | Dr. K. Devi "A Preliminary Study on Phytochemical Screening of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorbia Hirta and Amaranthus Polygonoides" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29435.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/29435/a-preliminary-study-on-phytochemical-screening-of-boerhaavia-diffusa-euphorbia-hirta-and-amaranthus-polygonoides/r-ezhilarasi
Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Oroxylum indicum an Endangere...IOSR Journals
The present work has been under taken to study the antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of O.
indicum against disease causing gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of solvent
extracts of stem bark of Oroxylum indicum has been studied to find out its activity against four important
bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus albus and S. aureus . The antimicrobial activity of
the stem bark extracts was done through well diffusion method and by measuring the inhibition zone around the
disc. The results revealed that the aqueous extracts of O. indicum exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the
microbes under study. The results provided evidence that the species O. indicum can be used as a potential
source of antimicrobial agent.
Extraction of Secondary Metabolites from Roots of Acanthus Ilicifolius L and ...inventionjournals
The root extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius L finds a prominent place in folk medicine. In this study, we
extracted alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and total phenols in benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and
ethanol, their antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The antioxidant activity is executed
by FRAP assay and agar well diffusion method is done to study the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter
aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic gentamicin.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was determined by serial dilution method. Alkaloids are rich in
acetone and Flavonoids are high in methanol extracts. The acetone extract showed higher antioxidant activity,
while benzene extract was identified to contain lower antioxidant activity. The extent of inhibition by the root
extracts diverge between the solvents used, among them ethanol extracts exhibited higher level of inhibition
against the gram positive test cultures compared to gram negative test cultures employed. Whereas, the acetone
extracts efficacy is more on gram negative test cultures than the gram positive cultures. The MIC was found to
be between 1mg/100µl to 5mg/100µl. This study gives the source for purification and characterization of
bioactive principles that possess antioxidant and antibacterial action from the root of Acanthus ilicifolius.
2. J. Chem.Soc.Nigeria, Vol. 40,No.1, pp 24-27[2015]
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DRIED SEED EXTRACTS OF
MARANTHES POLYANDRA
* T. A. Tor-Anyiin, J. V. Anyam, G. Anger and J. N. Anyam
Phytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi,
Nigeria.
Accepted: 07/04/2015
*
Corresponding author:toranyiint@yahoo.com
Abstract
The chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of dried seeds of Maranthes polyandra were
subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The extracts revealed presence of steroidal
triterpenes, cardiac glycosides and trace of alkaloids. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were carried
out using broth dilution method. The test organisms were laboratory isolates of Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida stellatoidea, Microsporum gypseum,
Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton rubrum. Ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest zone of inhibition
(29 mm) against Candida stellatoidea. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts inhibited growth of many
tested organisms at concentration of 3.75 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of
other extracts against the test organisms was 15 mg/mL while ethyl acetate was 7.5 mg/mL against
Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Candida stellatoidea. This study has
justified the traditional use of the plant for treatment of various diseases that are caused by these
pathogens.
Key words: Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, seed extracts, Maranthes polyandra
Introduction
The development of resistance of pathogens
to synthetic as well as side-effects of vended
antibiotics has justified continuing search for anti-
pathogenic agents from natural sources. Since ancient
times, man has looked for cure from Nature. Despite
the great advances made in modern medicine, plants
still have an important contribution to health care [1].
Natural products have continued to serve as very
fruitful source of drug leads especially when coupled
with screening methods based on modern
pharmacological or biochemical products [2].
Bacterial and fungal infections are among the most
dangerous and opportunistic diseases to vulnerable
people [3]. Maranthes polyandra, (Benth) Prance,
Chrysobalanacae (Tiv: Ibua-kuna;Hausa: Gongea-
kussa;Yoruba:Abere; Ghana: (Akan-asante:Abrabes);
Senegal: tudu, Togo: bende-moso)is a common tree
in the Guinea Savanna. It is an evergreen flowering
tree producing dark red or black-purple ellipsoid
fruits to 2.5 cm long or less. The seeds contains a lot
of oil but are not considered edible [4].
Maranthes polyandra is a plant widely used
in traditional medicine for a number of ailments. The
bark is used for fever, crushed leaves in treatment of
fractures and powdered roots for curing syphilis [4].
This study was therefore undertaken to screen
phytochemically for secondary metabolites in the
root back extracts of this plant as well as the
antimicrobial properties of the extracts. This has
become inevitable against the backdrop of increase
recourse to seeking medical treatment through
traditional medicine and in addition to seeking anti-
infective agents from natural sources.
Materials and Methods
Plant seeds were collected at Sev-Av, 7o
52N, 9o
37E,
Mbawar, Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba
State of Nigeria in September 2013. The plant was
3. T. A. Tor-Anyiin, J. V. Anyam, G.Anger and J.N. Anyam
2
identified by Mr. Ikyobo John N., Department of
Wildlife and Range Management, University of
Agriculture Makurdi. Seeds were air dried for two
weeks, size reduced in a wooden mortar and
packaged in a polythene bagwith appropriate label.
Dried pulverized seeds (600 g) were defatted with
500 mL of n-Hexane for 72 hours at ambient
temperature and filtered. The marc was sequentially
treated to microwave assisted extraction using 500
mL each of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol.
Extracts were filtered and excess volume reduced in
vacuo using rotary evaporator at 50 o
C, and left to
evaporate to dryness at room temperature.
Phytochemical screening
Crude extracts were subjected to phytochemical tests
for presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids,
anthraquinones glycosides, steroids, cardiac
glycosides, and alkaloids, using standard procedures
[5, 6].
Antimicrobial Activities
Antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts were
determined using some pathogenic microbes. An
extract (0.3 g) was weighed and dissolved in DMSO
(10 mL) to give a concentration of 30 mg/mL. This
served as initial concentration of extract used to
determine antimicrobial activities of the extracts.
Mueller Hinton and Sabourand dextrose agar were
the growth media used for bacteria and fungi,
respectively. All media were prepared according to
the manufacturer instructions, sterilized at 120 o
C in
an autoclave for 15 minutes, poured into sterile petri-
dishes and allowed to cool and solidify. Diffusion
method was used for screening of extracts. Mueller
Hinton agar was seeded with standard inoculum (0.1
mL) of bacteria and Sabourand dextrose agar with the
fungi. The inocula were spread evenly over the
surface of the media with a sterile swab. By use of a
standard cork borer of 6 mm in diameter, a well was
cut at the centre of each inoculated medium. Solution
of the extract (0.1 mL) of concentration 30 mg/mL
was then introduced into each well on the medium.
Inoculated plates were incubated at 37 o
C for 24 hrs
for the bacteria and at 30 o
C for 7 days for the fungi,
after which each plate was observed for inhibition
zone of growth. Zones were measured with a
transparent ruler and the result recorded in
millimeters.
The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of an
extract was carried out using broth method. Mueller
Hinton and Sabourand dextrose broth were prepared,
10 mL of the broth was dispensed into test tube and
sterilized at 121 o
C for 15 minutes, then allowed to
cool.
McFarland’s turbidity standard scale number 0.5 to
give turbidity solution was prepared. Normal saline
was prepared, 10 mL was dispensed into sterile test
tube and the test microbe was inoculated and
incubated at 37 o
C for 6 hours. From there dilution of
the test microbe was done in the normal saline until
the turbidity matched that of the McFarland’s scale
by visual comparison. At this point, this
test microbe had a concentration of about 1.5 x 108
cfu/mL. A two-fold serial dilution of the extract in
the sterilized broth was made to obtain the
concentration of 30, 15, 7.5, 3.5 and 1.875 mg/mL,
respectively. Initial concentration was obtained by
dissolving 0.3 g of extract in 10 mL of sterile broth.
Having obtained the different concentrations of the
extract in the sterile broth 0.1 mL of the test microbe
in the normal saline was then inoculated into the
different concentrations. Incubation was made at
37o
C for 7 days for the fungi, after which the broth
was observed for turbidity growth. Lowest
concentration of extract in the broth which showed
no turbidity was recorded as the MIC.
Minimum bactericidal concentration/Minimum
fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were carried
out to determine whether the test microbes were
killed or only their growth was inhibited. Mueller
Hinton and Sabourand dextrose agar were prepared
and sterilized at 121 o
C for 15 minutes then poured
into sterile petri-dishes and allowed to cool and
solidify. The content of the MIC in the serial dilution
were sub-cultured into the prepared media,
incubation were made at 37 o
C for 24 hours for
bacteria and at 30 o
C for 7 days for fungi, after
which plates were observed for colony growth.
MBC/MFC were the plates with lowest concentration
of extract without colony growth.
Results and Discussion
Phytochemistry
Phytochemical screening of crude chloroform, ethyl
acetate and methanol extracts of Maranthes
polyandra revealed presence of, steroidal triterpenes,
cardiac glycosides and alkaloids in trace amounts but
saponins glycosides, tannins, flavonoids,
anthraquinones, free anthraquinones and
carbohydrates were found to be absent (Table 1).
Table 1: Phytochemical screening for various
extracts of Maranthes polyandra
4. T. A. Tor-Anyiin, J. V. Anyam, G.Anger and J.N. Anyam
3
The antimicrobial screening (Table 2) showed the
susceptibility test against grams positive and negative
organisms and fungi species.The extracts showed
inhibition activity against some of the test organisms.
The antimicrobial activity shown by these extracts is
due to secondary metabolites present in the plant. The
observed properties of this plant correlate with the
oral information given by the indigenous tribe or
community that use this plant for basic health care.
Ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest considerable
level of inhibition against C.stellatoidea(29 mm) and
chloroform extract exhibited least against
C.tropicalis (24 mm).
Keys: +ve = positive and –ve = negative
These classes of compounds are known to show
curative activity against several pathogens and
therefore could explain its use traditionally for the
treatment of a variety of diseases.
Table 2: The Antimicrobial Activities of Maranthes polyandra
Pathogen Sensitivity/Zone of Inhibition (mm)
Crude Extract Control(5µg/ml)
Chloroform
Ethylacetate
Methanol
Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Fulcin
Fluconazole
S. aureus S/24 S/27 S/25 S/27 S/35 R/0 R/0
S. pyogenes S/25 S/26 S/25 S/32 S/29 R/0 R/0
E. coli R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 S/35 R/0 R/0
S. typhii S/24 S/28 S/26 R/0 S/37 R/0 R/0
S. dysenteriae S/26 S/27 S/26 S/40 S/41 R/0 R/0
P. aeruginosa R/0 R/0 R/0 S/29 S/35 R/0 R/0
K. pneumoniae R/0 R/0 R/0 S/35 R/0 R/0 R/0
C. albicans S/24 S/27 S/26 R/0 R/0 R/0 S/32
C. tropicalis S/24 S/25 S/24 R/0 R/0 R/0 S/30
C. thrusei R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 S/35
C. Stellatoidea S/25 S/29 S/26 R/0 R/0 R/0 S/30
M. gypseum R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 S/32 R/0
Microsporum spp R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 R/0 S/30 R/0
T. rubrum S/24 S/26 S/25 R/0 R/0 S/37 R/0
Keys: S = Sensitive, R = Resistant
Phytochemicals Results for various
extracts
Cf EA Meth
Reducing sugars -ve -ve -ve
Free Anthraquinones -ve -ve -ve
Anthraquinone
Glycosides
-ve -ve -ve
Saponin Glycosides -ve -ve -ve
Steroids +ve +ve +ve
Terpenes -ve +ve +ve
Tannins -ve -ve -ve
Alkaloids -ve -ve +ve
Cardiac glycosides -ve +ve +ve
Flavonoids -ve -ve -ve
5. T. A. Tor-Anyiin, J. V. Anyam, G.Anger and J.N. Anyam
4
Table 3: Minimum Inhibition Concentration of the Extracts
Pathogen Chloroform Ethyl acetate Methanol
30mg/ml
15mg/ml
7.5mg/ml
3.5mg/ml
1.875mg/ml
30mg/ml
15mg/ml
7.5mg/ml
3.5mg/ml
1.875mg/ml
30mg/ml
15mg/ml
7.5mg/ml
3.5mg/ml
1.875mg/ml
S. aureus - - # + α - - - # + - - # + α
S.pyogenes - - # + α - - - # + - - # + α
S. typhi - - # + α - - - # + - - - # α
S.dysenterteriae - - - # + - - - # + - - - # α
C.albicans - - # + α - - - # + - - - # α
C.tropicalis - - # + α - - # + α - - + + α
C. stellatoidea - - # + α - - - # + - - - # α
T.rubrum - - # + α - - - # + - - # + α
Key: - = No turbidity (No growth), # = Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), + = Turbidity (light growth), α = Moderate turbidity
From Table 3 it was observed that, the activities (i.e.
minimum inhibition) of the seeds extracts of
Maranthes polyandra against the test organisms was
noticed at concentration of 7.5 mg/mLfor almost all
the extracts, except ethylacetate extract which has
this value noticed only on C.tropicalis.
C.albicans in ethylacetate and methanol extracts with
MBC/MFC values of 7.5 µg/mL. There are several
reports on antibacterial properties of plants used in
trado-medicine by various cultures/communities [7].
The higher antibacterial and antifungal activities of
these
Table 4: Minimum Bacteriadal/Fungicidal Concentration of Extracts against Test Microorganisms.
Germ PE CF EA METH
30mg/ml
15mg/ml
7.5mg/ml
3.5mg/ml
1.875mg/ml
30mg/ml
15mg/ml
7.5mg/ml
3.5mg/ml
1.875mg/ml
30mg/ml
15mg/ml
7.5mg/ml
3.5mg/ml
1.875mg/ml
30mg/ml
15mg/ml
7.5mg/ml
3.5mg/ml
1.875mg/ml
S. a - # + α И - # + α И - - # + α - # + α И
S.p - # + α И - # + α И - # + α И - # + α И
S. t - # + α И - # + α И - - # + α - # + α И
S.d - # + α И - # + α И - - # + α - # + α И
C.a - # + α И - # + α И - - # + α - - # + α
C.t - # + α И - # + α И - # + α И - # + α И
C. s - # + α И - # + α И - - # + α - # + α И
T.r - # + α И - # + α И - # + α И - # + α И
Key:- = no colony growth, # = MBC/MFC, + = scanty colony growth, α = moderate colony growth and И = heavy colony growth; S.a=S. aureus,S.p=S.
pyogenes,E.c=E. coli,S.t=S. typhii,S.d=S. dysenteriae,P.a=P. aeruginosa,K.p=K. pneumoniae,C.a=C. albicans,C.t=C. tropicalis,C.th=C. thrusei,C.s=C. Stellatoidea,M.g=M.
gypseum,Ms=Microsporum spp,T.r=T. rubrum
6. T. A. Tor-Anyiin, J. V. Anyam, G.Anger and J.N. Anyam
5
Minimum bactericidal/fungicidal
concentration of the seeds extracts of
Maranthes polyandra presented in Table 4,
indicated that, the test organisms could be
inhibited at concentration of 15 µg/mL except
S.aureus, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, and
C.stellatoidea in ethylacetate extract and
extracts could not be unrelated to the
presence of the plant secondary metabolites
detected.
Conclusion
The extracts especially ethylacetate exhibited
considerable inhibition activities against
almost all the test organisms and comparable
activities to the reference drugs under study;
thus providing somescientific basis for some
of the folkloric claims. The isolation and
possible characterization of the bioactive
constituents from the extracts of this plant
species as possible antimicrobial agent is
recommended.
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