This document provides an overview of cardiac arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic drugs. It discusses the classification of cardiac arrhythmias into normal rhythm and abnormal types like bradycardia and tachycardia. Diagnostic tests for arrhythmias including ECG and blood pressure are mentioned. The classification of antiarrhythmic drugs into Classes I-IV is outlined, with examples such as procainamide in Class IA. The mechanism and structure of procainamide are briefly described. References are provided.

1. Presented by:
Md.Sazzad Husain
&
Mohd.Javed Ali.

2. Contents:
 Introduction.
 Classification.
 Types of Cardiac Arrthymia.
 Diagnostics Test.
 Classification of Anti arrhythmic drugs.
 SAR of Procainamide .
 Mechanism of Procainamide.
 References.

3. Introduction:
 In the arrthyamics disease which irregular heart beat (increase
or decrease heart beat)
Anti –arrthyamics drug:
 These are drugs used for the treatment & control the
arrathyamics condition called anti-arrthyamics drugs.

5. Classification:
1. Normal cardiac rhythm (60 – 100 beats/min )
2. Abnormal cardiac arrthymia (more then 100 beats / min)

6. Types of cardiac Arrthymia:
A. Brady Cardiac (less then 60 beats/min.)
B. Tachycardia (more then 100 beats/min.)
1. Simple Tachycardia (100-150 beats/min.)
2. Paroxysmal Tachycardia (150-200 beats/min.)
3. Flatter Tachycardia (200-250 beats/min)

7. Diagnostic Test:
 Blood Pressure (80/120 mmHg )
 ECG

8. Classification of Anti-arrhythmic drugs:
1. Class - I
2. Class - II
3. Class - III
4. Class - IV
 Class-I (Acts on Na+ channel )
Types of class- I
Class- I (A)
Decrease the concretion of Na+ ion.
Eg- Procainamide
- Disopyramide
Class- I (B)
work on inactivation gate of Na+ ion.
Eg- Tocainide
Class- I (C)
Work on activation channel of Na+ ion.
Eg- Flecainide

9. Class - II agents
It is the - blocker specially - blocker.
E.g.. Propronolol
- Atenolol
Class – III agents
It is K+ channel blocker.
Eg- Ibulilide
- Brelylium
Class IV agents
It is Ca+ ion blocker
Eg- Nifedipine
- Amlodipine

10. SAR of Procainamide:
1. Procainamide is a white crystalline
powder which same Class I agent (class I
-A ) membrane depressent drugs.
2. Procainamide structure is similar to
the Procain local anesthesia but the
diferent of local anesthic .
3. The present of amino alkyl group is the
Procainamide is essential for increase
the duration of action .
4. The brand Name are PROCAN.

11. Mechanism of Procainamide:

12. References:
 K.D Tripathi, “Essential of medical Pharmacology ”
Japee brothers Medical Publishers (P) ltd,New Delhi.
Sixth edition. Page no.508-520.
 Good&Gilman’s,The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics". Laurence Brunton,New York, Twelfth
edition, Page no.815-848.