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The document discusses object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It then covers design patterns, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and provides an example case study of developing a student information system using Java and related technologies. The key topics are introduced at a high-level with the goal of demonstrating practical OOP through the case study example.
This document provides an introduction to object oriented programming concepts in Java. It discusses key topics like what a computer is, developer skills, memory management, and an introduction to Java. Object oriented programming principles like inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism are defined. The document also covers exceptions in Java like defining exceptions, reasons they occur, and handling exceptions.
The document discusses the principles of object-oriented programming including encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism and describes Java as an object-oriented language that is simple, secure, portable, robust, and high-performance due to features like automatic memory management, cross-platform portability, and just-in-time compilation to native machine code. It also provides an overview of topics that will be covered in a Java programming course including data types, control statements, classes, interfaces, exceptions, and more.
The course aims to provide you with an understanding of the fundamental concepts involved in object-oriented programming (object, class, protocol, hierarchy, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism and collaboration).
The programming language you will use is Java. However, the purpose of the course is not to teach you the minutiae of the Java language, but rather to teach you fundamental object-oriented programming concepts and skills that will be transferable to any object¬ oriented language
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts and Java. It discusses software engineering principles like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. It then gives a brief overview of Java, including its history and platforms. The document encourages readers to learn programming through reading, exercises, courses, projects and discussions to become better programmers.
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The document discusses object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It then covers design patterns, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and provides an example case study of developing a student information system using Java and related technologies. The key topics are introduced at a high-level with the goal of demonstrating practical OOP through the case study example.
This document provides an introduction to object oriented programming concepts in Java. It discusses key topics like what a computer is, developer skills, memory management, and an introduction to Java. Object oriented programming principles like inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism are defined. The document also covers exceptions in Java like defining exceptions, reasons they occur, and handling exceptions.
The document discusses the principles of object-oriented programming including encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism and describes Java as an object-oriented language that is simple, secure, portable, robust, and high-performance due to features like automatic memory management, cross-platform portability, and just-in-time compilation to native machine code. It also provides an overview of topics that will be covered in a Java programming course including data types, control statements, classes, interfaces, exceptions, and more.
The course aims to provide you with an understanding of the fundamental concepts involved in object-oriented programming (object, class, protocol, hierarchy, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism and collaboration).
The programming language you will use is Java. However, the purpose of the course is not to teach you the minutiae of the Java language, but rather to teach you fundamental object-oriented programming concepts and skills that will be transferable to any object¬ oriented language
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts and Java. It discusses software engineering principles like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. It then gives a brief overview of Java, including its history and platforms. The document encourages readers to learn programming through reading, exercises, courses, projects and discussions to become better programmers.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It compares procedural programming to OOP and contrasts the languages C and Java. Key differences between C and Java include Java's use of classes, objects, garbage collection, and platform independence. The document also demonstrates how to define classes and create objects in Java, including using constructors, getters, setters, inheritance, and polymorphism.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java including inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It discusses key inheritance concepts such as subclasses, superclasses, the extends keyword, and accessing members of parent classes. It also covers polymorphism through method overriding and abstract classes. The benefits and costs of inheritance are outlined as well as common forms of inheritance like generalization, specialization, and extension.
Intro to Object Oriented Programming with Java Hitesh-Java
In this core java training session, you will learn Object Oriented Programming. Topics covered in this session are:
• Object Oriented Programming Concepts
• Introduction to OO Analysis and Design
For more information about this course visit on this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/learn-java-fundamentals-hands-on-training-on-core-java-concepts/
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It provides examples and definitions of key OOP concepts like class, object, inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and the SOLID principles (single responsibility, open/closed, Liskov substitution, interface segregation, and dependency inversion). It also covers Java specifics like access modifiers, variables, and how to create objects in Java.
This document provides an overview of core Java concepts including object-oriented programming (OOP) principles like classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also discusses Java language benefits like being simple, portable, robust, and suitable for distributed environments. Finally, it outlines how to set up a Java development environment and write a basic "Hello World" program to get started with Java programming.
The document discusses key concepts in Object Oriented Programming including objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines each concept and provides examples. Objects have state, behavior, and identity. A class is a template for creating objects that share common properties. Inheritance allows an object to acquire properties of a parent object. Polymorphism allows one task to be performed in different ways. Abstraction hides internal details and shows functionality. Encapsulation binds code and data into a single unit.
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1991. It derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible so that applications written in Java can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM converts Java bytecode into machine code that can be executed by the device's processor. This allows Java programs to run on any platform that has a JVM without needing to be recompiled.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java. It explains that OOP languages like Java use classes that encapsulate attributes and behaviors, making code more reusable. Java is a platform-independent language that uses a virtual machine. Key OOP concepts in Java include objects, classes, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Objects are instances of classes, and classes define objects' data and methods. Abstraction hides details and shows functionality, while encapsulation binds code and data. Inheritance allows code reuse through parent-child class relationships. Polymorphism means the same tasks can be performed in different ways.
Basic concepts of object oriented programmingSachin Sharma
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in object-oriented programming including objects, classes, data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, binding, and message passing. Objects are run-time entities with state and behavior, while classes define the data and behavior for objects of a similar type. Encapsulation binds data and functions within a class, while inheritance allows new classes to acquire properties of existing classes. Polymorphism enables one function to perform different tasks. Binding determines how function calls are linked, and message passing allows objects to communicate by sending requests.
The document provides an overview of core Java concepts including:
- Java is an object-oriented programming language and platform that runs on a virtual machine. It is used to create desktop, web, enterprise, mobile and other applications.
- Core Java concepts include objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation. The document also discusses variables and data types, OOP principles, object creation, method overloading and constructors.
- It provides examples of Hello World programs and explains Java memory areas like stack and heap. Key topics like static keyword, method vs constructor and method overloading are also summarized.
This document provides a quick reference guide for J2SE (Core Java). It covers various topics related to Java programming including Java history, features, programming structure, data types, control structures, OOP concepts, exceptions, threads, GUI programming and more. The guide was written by A.R. Kishore Kumar and is intended to be a concise yet comprehensive overview of the Java language.
Review Session and Attending Java Interviews Hitesh-Java
This document provides an overview of core Java concepts for a training session. It includes interview tips for Java positions and discusses Java advantages over other languages. Key topics covered include packages, static blocks, constructors vs methods, calling constructors, inheritance vs composition, abstract classes vs interfaces, method overloading and overriding, access modifiers, autoboxing/unboxing examples, and differences between String, StringBuffer and StringBuilder. Examples of collections like Lists and Sets are also provided along with an outline of topics to cover in the next session on Maps.
The document discusses Java programming concepts of exception handling and multithreading. It covers exception types, try/catch/throw/throws/finally clauses, creating custom exceptions, and the Java thread model for creating and synchronizing threads. The document also provides example code and discusses checked and unchecked exceptions, nested try blocks, and inter-thread communication in Java.
This document provides an overview of packages, interfaces, and stream-based I/O in Java. It defines a package, discusses access protection and importing packages. Interfaces are introduced as a way to achieve multiple inheritance in Java. Key characteristics of interfaces like not allowing implementation and only containing abstract methods are described. The relationship between interfaces and abstract classes is compared. Common interfaces like Comparable are explained. Finally, stream-based I/O concepts like character streams, reading/writing files and serialization are listed as topics to be covered. Universities questions on these topics are also provided.
Brainsmartlabs is one of the excellent online tutorials for beginners which offers the best java and core java courses online. Enroll now to learn core java programming from scratch and become an expert.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) including:
- The history and key concepts of OOP like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
- Popular OOP languages like C++, Java, and Python.
- Differences between procedural and OOP like top-down design and modularity.
This document defines object-oriented programming and compares it to structured programming. It outlines the main principles of OOP including encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Encapsulation binds code and data together for security and consistency. Abstraction hides implementation details and provides functionality. Inheritance allows classes to acquire properties from other classes in a hierarchy. Polymorphism enables different types to perform the same methods.
JAVA EXCEPTION HANDLING
N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
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String Handling in java
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
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This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It compares procedural programming to OOP and contrasts the languages C and Java. Key differences between C and Java include Java's use of classes, objects, garbage collection, and platform independence. The document also demonstrates how to define classes and create objects in Java, including using constructors, getters, setters, inheritance, and polymorphism.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java including inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It discusses key inheritance concepts such as subclasses, superclasses, the extends keyword, and accessing members of parent classes. It also covers polymorphism through method overriding and abstract classes. The benefits and costs of inheritance are outlined as well as common forms of inheritance like generalization, specialization, and extension.
Intro to Object Oriented Programming with Java Hitesh-Java
In this core java training session, you will learn Object Oriented Programming. Topics covered in this session are:
• Object Oriented Programming Concepts
• Introduction to OO Analysis and Design
For more information about this course visit on this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/learn-java-fundamentals-hands-on-training-on-core-java-concepts/
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It provides examples and definitions of key OOP concepts like class, object, inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and the SOLID principles (single responsibility, open/closed, Liskov substitution, interface segregation, and dependency inversion). It also covers Java specifics like access modifiers, variables, and how to create objects in Java.
This document provides an overview of core Java concepts including object-oriented programming (OOP) principles like classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also discusses Java language benefits like being simple, portable, robust, and suitable for distributed environments. Finally, it outlines how to set up a Java development environment and write a basic "Hello World" program to get started with Java programming.
The document discusses key concepts in Object Oriented Programming including objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines each concept and provides examples. Objects have state, behavior, and identity. A class is a template for creating objects that share common properties. Inheritance allows an object to acquire properties of a parent object. Polymorphism allows one task to be performed in different ways. Abstraction hides internal details and shows functionality. Encapsulation binds code and data into a single unit.
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1991. It derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible so that applications written in Java can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM converts Java bytecode into machine code that can be executed by the device's processor. This allows Java programs to run on any platform that has a JVM without needing to be recompiled.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java. It explains that OOP languages like Java use classes that encapsulate attributes and behaviors, making code more reusable. Java is a platform-independent language that uses a virtual machine. Key OOP concepts in Java include objects, classes, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Objects are instances of classes, and classes define objects' data and methods. Abstraction hides details and shows functionality, while encapsulation binds code and data. Inheritance allows code reuse through parent-child class relationships. Polymorphism means the same tasks can be performed in different ways.
Basic concepts of object oriented programmingSachin Sharma
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in object-oriented programming including objects, classes, data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, binding, and message passing. Objects are run-time entities with state and behavior, while classes define the data and behavior for objects of a similar type. Encapsulation binds data and functions within a class, while inheritance allows new classes to acquire properties of existing classes. Polymorphism enables one function to perform different tasks. Binding determines how function calls are linked, and message passing allows objects to communicate by sending requests.
The document provides an overview of core Java concepts including:
- Java is an object-oriented programming language and platform that runs on a virtual machine. It is used to create desktop, web, enterprise, mobile and other applications.
- Core Java concepts include objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation. The document also discusses variables and data types, OOP principles, object creation, method overloading and constructors.
- It provides examples of Hello World programs and explains Java memory areas like stack and heap. Key topics like static keyword, method vs constructor and method overloading are also summarized.
This document provides a quick reference guide for J2SE (Core Java). It covers various topics related to Java programming including Java history, features, programming structure, data types, control structures, OOP concepts, exceptions, threads, GUI programming and more. The guide was written by A.R. Kishore Kumar and is intended to be a concise yet comprehensive overview of the Java language.
Review Session and Attending Java Interviews Hitesh-Java
This document provides an overview of core Java concepts for a training session. It includes interview tips for Java positions and discusses Java advantages over other languages. Key topics covered include packages, static blocks, constructors vs methods, calling constructors, inheritance vs composition, abstract classes vs interfaces, method overloading and overriding, access modifiers, autoboxing/unboxing examples, and differences between String, StringBuffer and StringBuilder. Examples of collections like Lists and Sets are also provided along with an outline of topics to cover in the next session on Maps.
The document discusses Java programming concepts of exception handling and multithreading. It covers exception types, try/catch/throw/throws/finally clauses, creating custom exceptions, and the Java thread model for creating and synchronizing threads. The document also provides example code and discusses checked and unchecked exceptions, nested try blocks, and inter-thread communication in Java.
This document provides an overview of packages, interfaces, and stream-based I/O in Java. It defines a package, discusses access protection and importing packages. Interfaces are introduced as a way to achieve multiple inheritance in Java. Key characteristics of interfaces like not allowing implementation and only containing abstract methods are described. The relationship between interfaces and abstract classes is compared. Common interfaces like Comparable are explained. Finally, stream-based I/O concepts like character streams, reading/writing files and serialization are listed as topics to be covered. Universities questions on these topics are also provided.
Brainsmartlabs is one of the excellent online tutorials for beginners which offers the best java and core java courses online. Enroll now to learn core java programming from scratch and become an expert.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) including:
- The history and key concepts of OOP like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
- Popular OOP languages like C++, Java, and Python.
- Differences between procedural and OOP like top-down design and modularity.
This document defines object-oriented programming and compares it to structured programming. It outlines the main principles of OOP including encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Encapsulation binds code and data together for security and consistency. Abstraction hides implementation details and provides functionality. Inheritance allows classes to acquire properties from other classes in a hierarchy. Polymorphism enables different types to perform the same methods.
JAVA EXCEPTION HANDLING
N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
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String Handling in java
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
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Gives You the brief idea about packages in JAVA
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
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Class object method constructors in javaRaja Sekhar
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N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
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www.programming9.com
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1) Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type under one variable name using subscripts. One-dimensional arrays store elements in a single list, while multi-dimensional arrays can store elements in multiple lists.
2) Control statements like if/else, switch, while, do-while, for, break, continue and return allow altering the flow of execution in a program.
3) Classes are blueprints that define the structure and behavior of objects. Classes contain variables and methods, and objects are instances of classes that store their own set of variable values.
This document provides an overview of Android app development. It discusses the growth of mobile technology and the need for mobility solutions. It then covers Android's domination of the smartphone OS market. The remainder of the document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation as they relate to Android app development.
Java ppt Gandhi Ravi (gandhiri@gmail.com)Gandhi Ravi
This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It discusses that Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent language that uses a runtime environment and API. It explains how Java code is compiled and executed. It also covers Java applications, data types, operators, keywords, variables, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, arrays and other core Java concepts. The document provides examples to illustrate different Java programming concepts.
The document provides information on Java OOP concepts including objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines objects as entities with state and behavior, and classes as collections of objects. Inheritance allows objects to acquire properties of parent objects. Polymorphism allows one task to be performed in different ways. Abstraction hides internal details and shows functionality, while encapsulation binds code and data together into a single unit.
This document discusses classes, objects, and methods in Java. It defines a class as a user-defined data type that contains fields and methods. Objects are instances of classes that allocate memory at runtime. Methods define behaviors for objects and are declared within classes. The document covers defining classes, creating objects, accessing members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, static members, passing objects as parameters, recursion, and visibility control.
This document provides an overview of test automation using Selenium. It discusses reasons to automate testing such as supporting regression testing and finding defects missed by manual testing. It also discusses when not to automate, such as when an application's behavior is unstable. The document then covers the Selenium framework, its components like Selenium IDE and WebDriver, and languages it supports like Java. It also discusses concepts in object-oriented programming relevant to test automation like classes, objects, inheritance and more.
The document discusses a trainee's progress in typing speed and jobs applied over 3 weeks, achieving targets of 21, 23, and 27 words per minute and applying to 3 companies while waiting to hear back on 2 applications. It also provides an overview of method overloading and constructor overloading in Java with examples.
Constructor is a special member method which will be called automatically when you create an object of any class.
The main purpose of using constructor is to initialize an object.
http://www.tutorial4us.com/java/java-constructor
Constructor is a special method in Java that is used to initialize objects. It has the same name as the class and is invoked automatically when an object is created. Constructors can be used to set default values for objects. A class can have multiple constructors as long as they have different parameters. Constructors are used to provide different initial values to objects and cannot return values.
This document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint slides by avoiding common pitfalls. It addresses how to structure slides with outlines and bullet points, use fonts and colors that are easy to read, include graphs and charts to visualize data, proofread for spelling and grammar errors, and conclude presentations on a strong note by summarizing key points and inviting questions. The document contrasts examples of good slide design practices with bad examples to avoid.
This document discusses mobilizing data and making it accessible via mobile technologies. It begins with an introduction and overview of mobile technology trends, including statistics on growing mobile phone and tablet use. It then covers various ways of integrating data with mobile services like SMS texting, apps, mobile browsers, Adobe Flash, and mobile games. Examples of charities using these mobile technologies are provided, such as raising funds via SMS during disasters and launching successful charity apps. The presentation encourages attendees to consider how to mobilize their data and engage with supporters using mobile devices.
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This document contains personal information about Diana Alejandro Marín Rodríguez. It provides her place of living, age, marital status, phone number, family members, occupation, favorite sport, and favorite singer. It also includes pictures and descriptions of the rooms in her house, her daily routine, and activities she likes doing alone, with family or friends such as shopping, walking, laughing, and going to movies.
This document provides an overview of C++ programming concepts across multiple pages. It begins with introductions to fundamental C++ concepts like header files, compiling and linking processes, variables and data types. It then covers expressions, selection statements, loops, arrays, functions, function overloading, structures and unions. The document is intended to serve as a roadmap for learning C++.
Three key points about the document:
1. Java has several primitive data types including boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double. Arrays allow grouping of multiple variables of the same type.
2. Arrays are dynamically allocated objects in Java. To create an array, the type and size must be specified using new, such as int[] numbers = new int[100]. Individual elements can then be accessed by index like numbers[25].
3. Type conversions may occur automatically between compatible types like int and long. Incompatible types require casting, such as (double)value to convert an int to a double. Arrays can be used to store and average multiple
The document discusses the basic data types in Java. It describes the 8 primitive data types - byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean and char. It explains the minimum and maximum ranges for each data type and provides examples. It also discusses reference data types and the Java Scanner class for reading input from the keyboard.
The document discusses various C++ data types including built-in, derived, and user-defined data types. It describes the different built-in data types like int, char, float, double, void and their properties. It also discusses derived data types like arrays, functions, pointers, references, and constant. The document further explains user-defined data types like structures, unions and classes/objects in C++.
While doing programming in any programming language, you need to use various variables to store various information. Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that when you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.
You may like to store information of various data types like character, wide character, integer, floating point, double floating point, boolean etc. Based on the data type of a variable, the operating system allocates memory and decides what can be stored in the reserved memory.
The document discusses various Java programming concepts including identifiers, keywords, primitive types, variables, operators, and flow control statements. It defines identifiers, keywords, the 8 primitive types including boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double. It covers variable declaration and initialization, literals, and reference types. The document also explains operators such as logical, bitwise, assignment, string concatenation, and casting operators. Finally, it provides an overview of branching and looping statements including if/else, switch, for, while, do/while and flow control statements.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the C programming language, including:
- Data types, variables, constants, and arrays. Arrays must be declared before use with the format data-type variable-name[size]. Two dimensional arrays are supported.
- Storage classes like automatic, external/global, static, and register that determine variable scope, lifetime, and memory location.
- Functions and different ways they can be called in C - call by value where copies of arguments are passed, and call by reference where addresses of variables are passed.
03 and 04 .Operators, Expressions, working with the console and conditional s...Intro C# Book
The document discusses Java syntax and concepts including:
1. It introduces primitive data types in Java like int, float, boolean and String.
2. It covers variables, operators, and expressions - how they are used to store and manipulate data in Java.
3. It explains console input and output using Scanner and System.out methods for reading user input and printing output.
4. It provides examples of using conditional statements like if and if-else to control program flow based on conditions.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the Java programming language, including:
- Java is an object-oriented language that is simpler than C++ and supports features like platform independence.
- The Java development environment includes tools for compiling, debugging, and running Java programs.
- Java programs work with basic data types like int and double, as well as user-defined classes, variables, and arrays.
- The document explains operators, control structures, formatting output, and the basics of classes and objects in Java.
This document discusses Java data types. It covers the 9 main Java primitive data types including integer, floating point, character, and boolean types. It describes type compatibility and conversions between data types. It also discusses type promotion and casting between wider and narrower data types. Variable scope is also covered, distinguishing between instance, parameter, and local variables.
This document provides an overview of data types in C++. It discusses fundamental data types like int, char, float, and void, as well as derived data types like arrays, functions, pointers, references, constants, classes, structures, unions, and enumerations. For each data type, it provides examples and explanations of how they are used and represented in memory. It also covers data type modifiers, variable declaration and initialization, and input/output stream manipulators for formatting output.
02 functions, variables, basic input and output of c++Manzoor ALam
This document discusses computer programming functions, variables, and basic input/output in C and C++. It covers:
- Defining and calling functions, function parameters and return values.
- Declaring and assigning values to variables of different data types like int, float, and double.
- Using basic input/output functions like cout and cin to display output and get user input.
- The scope of variables and how they work within and outside of functions.
Unit 2-data types,Variables,Operators,Conitionals,loops and arraysDevaKumari Vijay
The document discusses various Java data types including primitive data types like byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean and their ranges. It also explains variables in Java - local variables, instance variables, static variables. Different types of operators like arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise operators are defined along with examples. The document also covers conditional statements like if-else, switch case and different loops in Java - for, while, do-while loops along with examples. Break and continue statements in Java loops are also explained.
The document provides an overview of the Python programming language. It discusses what Python is, its history and naming, features like being dynamically typed and interpreted, popular applications like web development, machine learning, and its architecture. It also covers Python constructs like variables, data types, operators, and strings. The document compares Python to other languages and provides examples of common Python concepts.
This document discusses Java primitive data types and operators. It describes the 8 primitive types in Java - boolean, byte, char, double, float, int, long, short - including their ranges and behaviors. It also covers literals, variables, scopes and lifetimes. For operators, it explains arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment/decrement, shift, and ternary operators. It includes examples to demonstrate the usage of various data types and operators in Java programs.
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3. DATA TYPES
• Variables are nothing but reserved memory
locations to store values. This means that
when you create a variable you reserve
some space in memory.
• Based on the data type of a variable, the
operating system allocates memory and
decides what can be stored in the reserved
memory
5. Data Types
• There are two data types available in Java:
Primitive Data Types
Reference/Object Data Types
byte:
Byte data type is a 8-bit signed two.s complement integer.
Minimum value is -128 (-2^7)
Maximum value is 127 (inclusive)(2^7 -1)
Default value is 0
Byte data type is used to save space in large arrays, mainly in place
of integers, since a byte is four times smaller than an int.
Example : byte a = 100 , byte b = -50
6. short:
Short data type is a 16-bit signed two's
complement integer.
Minimum value is -32,768 (-2^15)
Maximum value is 32,767(inclusive) (2^15 -1)
Default value is 0.
Example : short s= 10000 , short r = -20000
7. int:
Int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer.
Minimum value is - 2,147,483,648.(-2^31)
Maximum value is 2,147,483,647(inclusive).(2^31 -1)
Int is generally used as the default data type for integral values
unless there is a concern about memory.
The default value is 0.
Example : int a = 100000, int b = -200000
long:
Long data type is a 64-bit signed two's complement integer.
Minimum value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808.(-2^63)
Maximum value is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive). (2^63 -
1)
This type is used when a wider range than int is needed.
Default value is 0L.
Example : int a = 100000L, int b = -200000L
8. float:
Float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point.
Float is mainly used to save memory in large arrays of floating point
numbers.
Default value is 0.0f.
Float data type is never used for precise values such as currency.
Example : float f1 = 234.5f
double:
double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point.
This data type is generally used as the default data type for decimal
values. generally the default choice.
Double data type should never be used for precise values such as
currency.
Default value is 0.0d.
Example : double d1 = 123.4
9. boolean:
boolean data type represents one bit of information.
There are only two possible values : true and false.
This data type is used for simple flags that track
true/false conditions.
Default value is false.
Example : boolean one = true
char:
char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character.
Minimum value is 'u0000' (or 0).
Maximum value is 'uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive).
Char data type is used to store any character.
Example . char letterA ='A'
10. Reference Datatypes
• Reference variables are created using defined
constructors of the classes. They are used to access
objects. These variables are declared to be of a specific
type that cannot be changed. For
example, Employee, Puppy etc.
• Class objects, and various type of array variables come
under reference data type.
• Default value of any reference variable is null.
• A reference variable can be used to refer to any object of
the declared type or any compatible type.
• Example : Animal animal = new Animal("giraffe");
11. Data Types
DataType Memory (Bytes) Range
byte 1 -128 to 127
short 2 -32768 t0 32767
int 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647
long 8 -922337263685477808 to
-922337263685477807
float 4 1.4e-045 to 3.4e+038
double 8 4.9e-324 to 1.8e+308
char 2 0 to 65536
boolean - True/False
12. TYPE CONVERSION
Size Direction of Data Type
Widening Type Conversion (Casting down)
Smaller Data Type Larger Data Type
Narrowing Type Conversion (Casting up)
Larger Data Type Smaller Data Type
Conversion done in two ways
Implicit type conversion
Carried out by compiler automatically
Explicit type conversion
Carried out by programmer using casting
13. Type Conversion
Widening Type Converstion
Implicit conversion by compiler automatically
byte -> short, int, long, float, double
short -> int, long, float, double
char -> int, long, float, double
int -> long, float, double
long -> float, double
float -> double
14. Type Conversion
Narrowing Type Conversion
Programmer should describe the conversion
explicitly
byte -> char
short -> byte, char
char -> byte, short
int -> byte, short, char
long -> byte, short, char, int
float -> byte, short, char, int, long
double -> byte, short, char, int, long, float
15. Type Casting
• General form: (targetType) value
Examples:
1) integer value will be reduced module bytes
range:
int i;
byte b = (byte) i;
2) floating-point value will be truncated to
integer value:
float f;
int i = (int) f;
16. VARIABLES
• type identifier [ = value][, identifier [= value] ...] ;
• Here are several examples of variable declarations of various
types
int a, b, c; // declares three ints, a, b, and c.
int d = 3, e, f = 5; // declares three more ints, initializing
// d and f.
byte z = 22; // initializes z.
double pi = 3.14159; // declares an approximation of pi.
char x = 'x'; // the variable x has the value 'x'.
17. Types of variables
There are three kinds of variables in Java:
Local variables
Instance variables
Class/static variables
Local variables are declared in methods, constructors, or blocks
Instance variables are declared in a class, but outside a
method, constructor or any block.
Class variables also known as static variables are declared with
the static keyword in a class, but outside a
method, constructor or a block.
19. Scope Definition
A scope is defined by a block:
{
…
}
A variable declared inside the scope is not visible outside:
{
int n;
}
n = 1;
20. Example: Variable Scope
class Scope {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int x;
x = 10;
if (x == 10) {
int y = 20;
System.out.println("x and y: " + x + “ " + y);
x = y * 2;
}
System.out.println("x is " + x + “y is” + y);
}
}
21. Variable Lifetime
Variables are created when their scope is entered by control flow and
destroyed when their scope is left:
1) A variable declared in a method will not hold its value between different
invocations of this method.
2) A variable declared in a block looses its value when the block is left.
3) Initialized in a block, a variable will be re-initialized with every re-entry.
Variables lifetime is confined to its scope!
22. Example: Variable Lifetime
class LifeTime {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int x;
for (x = 0; x < 3; x++) {
int y = -1;
System.out.println("y is: " + y);
y = 100;
System.out.println("y is now: " + y);
}
}
}
23. OPERATOR TYPES
• Java operators are used to build value expressions.
• Java provides a rich set of operators:
1) arithmetic (+,-,*,/,%)
2) assignment (+=,-=,*=,/=,%=,=)
3) relational (==,!=,<,>,<=,>=)
4) logical (&&,||,!)
5) bitwise (&,|,~,^,<<,>>,>>)
24. Bit wise operators
~ ~op Inverts all bits
& op1 & op2 Produces 1 bit if both operands are 1
| op1 |op2 Produces 1 bit if either operand is 1
^ op1 ^ op2 Produces 1 bit if exactly one operand is 1
>> op1 >> op2 Shifts all bits in op1 right by the value of
op2
<< op1 << op2 Shifts all bits in op1 left by the value of
op2
25. Other Operators
?: shortcut if-else statement
[] used to declare arrays, create arrays, access array elements
. used to form qualified names
(params) delimits a comma-separated list of parameters
(type) casts a value to the specified type
new creates a new object or a new array
instanceof determines if its first operand is an instance of the second
27. Expressions
• An expression is a construct made up of
variables, operators, and method invocations, which are
constructed according to the syntax of the language, that
evaluates to a single value.
• Examples of expressions are in bold below:
int number = 0;
anArray[0] = 100;
System.out.println ("Element 1 at index 0: " + anArray[0]);
int result = 1 + 2; // result is now 3 if(value1 == value2)
System.out.println("value1 == value2");
28. CONTROL STATEMENTS
• Java control statements cause the flow of execution to
advance and branch based on the changes to the state
of the program.
• Control statements are divided into three groups:
1) selection statements allow the program to choose
different parts of the execution based on the outcome
of an expression
2) iteration statements enable program execution to
repeat one or more statements
3) jump statements enable your program to execute in a
non-linear fashion
29. Selection Statements
• Java selection statements allow to control the flow
of program’s execution based upon conditions
known only during run-time.
• Java provides four selection statements:
1) if
2) if-else
3) if-else-if
4) switch
30. Iteration Statements
• Java iteration statements enable repeated
execution of part of a program until a certain
termination condition becomes true.
• Java provides three iteration statements:
1) while
2) do-while
3) for
4) for each(JDK1.5 version)
31. • if-else
Syntax Example
if (<condition-1>) { int a = 10;
// logic for true condition-1 goes here if (a < 10 ) {
} else if (<condition-2>) { System.out.println(“Less than 10”);
// logic for true condition-2 goes here } else if (a > 10) {
} else { System.out.pritln(“Greater than 10”);
// if no condition is met, control } else {
comes here System.out.println(“Equal to 10”);
} }
Result: Equal to 10s
32. • switch
Syntax Example
switch (<value>) { int a = 10;
case <a>: switch (a) {
// stmt-1 case 1:
break; System.out.println(“1”);
case <b>: break;
//stmt-2 case 10:
break; System.out.println(“10”);
default: break;
//stmt-3 default:
System.out.println(“None”);
Result: 10
33. • do-while
Syntax Example
do { int i = 0;
// stmt-1 do {
} while (<condition>); System.out.println(“In do”); i++;
} while ( i < 10);
Result: Prints “In do” 11 times
• while
Syntax Example
while (<condition>) { int i = 0;
//stmt while ( i < 10 ) {
} System.out.println(“In while”); i++;
}
Result: “In while” 10 times
34. • for
Syntax Example
for ( initialize; condition; expression) for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{ {
// stmt System.out.println(“In for”);
} }
Result: Prints “In do” 10 times
35. Jump Statements
• Java jump statements enable transfer of
control to other parts of program.
• Java provides three jump statements:
1) break (3 uses:loop,switch,nested blocks)
2) continue
3) return
• In addition, Java supports exception
handling that can also alter the control flow
of a program.
36. TEST
I m not giving the answers for these basic questions,
please try and execute if possible. If you still want the answers
then copy and paste the entire question in google .
37. What all gets printed when the following program is compiled and run.
Select the two correct answers.
public class test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i, j=1; i = (j>1)?2:1;
switch(i)
{
case 0: System.out.println(0); break;
case 1: System.out.println(1);
case 2: System.out.println(2); break;
case 3: System.out.println(3); break;
}
}
}
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
38. Which declaration of the main method below
would allow a class to be started as a
standalone program. Select the one correct
answer.
a) public static void main(String args[])
b) public static void MAIN(String args[])
c) public static void main(String args)
d) public static void main(char args[])
e) static public void main(String args[])
f) public static int main(char args[])
39. Which of the following will compile without error
1) import java.awt.*;
package Mypackage;
class Myclass {}
2) package MyPackage;
import java.awt.*;
class MyClass{}
3) /*This is a comment */
package MyPackage;
import java.awt.*;
class MyClass{}
40. What’s the difference between
constructors and normal methods?
Constructors must have the same name
as the class and can not return a value.
They are only called once
while regular methods could be called many
times and it can return a value or can be
void.
41. • Give a simplest way to find out the time a
method takes for execution without
using any profiling tool?
long start = System.currentTimeMillis ();
method ();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis ();
System.out.println (“Time taken for execution is ” + (end –
start));
42. public class test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String s1 = "abc";
String s2 = "abc";
if(s1 == s2)
System.out.println(1);
else
System.out.println(2);
if(s1.equals(s2))
System.out.println(3);
else
System.out.println(4);
}
}
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
43. • Which of the following are legal array
declarations. Select the three correct
answers.
a) int i[5][];
b) int i[][];
c) int []i[];
d) int i[5][5];
e) int[][] a;
44. What is the range of values that can be
specified for an int. Select the one correct
answer. The range of values is compiler
dependent.
a) -231 to 231 - 1
b) -231-1 to 231
c) -215 to 215 - 1
d) -215-1 to 215
45. What would be the results of compiling and running the following
class. Select the one correct answer.
class test
{
public static void main()
{
System.out.println("test");
}
}
a)The program does not compile as there is no main method
defined.
b)The program compiles and runs generating an output of "test"
c)The program compiles and runs but does not generate any
output.
d)The program compiles but does not run.
46. What gets printed when the following program is compiled and
run. Select the one correct answer.
class test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i,j,k,l=0;
k = l++;
j = ++k;
i = j++;
System.out.println(i);
}
}
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
47. • Which operator is used to perform bitwise
inversion in Java. Select the one correct
answer.
a) ~
b) !
c) &
d)|
e) ^
48. What gets printed when the following program is compiled and run. Select the one
correct answer.
public class test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
byte x = 3;
x = (byte)~x;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
a) 3
b) 0
c) 1
d) 11
e) 252
f) 214
g) 124
h) -4
49. What gets displayed on the screen when the following program is compiled and
run. Select the one correct answer.
public class test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int x,y;
x = 3 & 5;
y = 3 | 5;
System.out.println(x + " " + y);
}
}
a) 7 1
b) 3 7
c) 1 7
d) 3 1
e) 1 3
f) 7 3
g) 7 5
50. What all gets printed when the following program is compiled
and run. Select the one correct answer.
public class test {
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i=0, j=2;
do {
i=++i;
j--;
}
while(j>0);
System.out.println(i);
}
}
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) The program does not compile because of statement "i=++i;"
51. What gets displayed on the screen when the following program is
compiled and run. Select the one correct answer.
public class test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int x, y;
x = 5 >> 2;
y = x >>> 2;
System.out.println(y);
}
}
a) 5
b) 2
c) 80
d) 0
e) 64