The Jami Masjid in Gulbarga, Karnataka was built in the 1300s by the Bahamani Dynasty. It has a rectangular shape with no courtyard and features an entrance to the north. The interior contains a mihrab on the west end with a trefoil arch. There are 80 domes of various sizes and 27 barrel vaulted roofs above the bays. Ornamentation includes pointed arches, trefoil designs around the mihrab and main dome, and muqrana work inside. The stone masonry structure uses domes and vaults supported by pendentives with an arcade providing ventilation in place of a courtyard.
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI | MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODImanoj chauhan
MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODI
The lodhi dynasty (or lodhi) was An afghan dynasty that ruled
The delhi sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
It was the last dynasty of The delhi sultanate and was founded by bahlul khan
Lodi when he replaced Dynasty.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the use of Hindu and Islamic elements in combination.
The trend begun when Hindu artisans were forced to create Islamic structures for the Delhi Sultans who having arrived in India on conquest and plunder lacked artisans and architects.
Under later dynasties, Islamic immigrants trickling into the realm (and in greater numbers during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East) added to the talent pool with newer ideas and authentic Middle Eastern styles.
The mix of styles and use of elements gradually evolved overtime reaching its pinnacle under the Mughals.
The mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi is taken to be the first of the garden mausoleums built in the sub continent.
Inspired in parts by Muhammad Shah’s Mausoleum situated a little distance away, its most visibly distinguishing feature is its octagonal plan and garden inside.
Out of the two types of tombs constructed during the period, the octagonal design appear to be associated with royalty than the more numerous square type.
The tomb was an innovation in mausoleum complexes built during the reign of the Delhi Sultanates.
Enclosed within a raised fortified complex, with two dome shaped Chattris (umbrella shaped domes) at the main entrance, the octagonal mausoleum sits in the middle of a large garden.
The housing space is ringed by a wide veranda with lightly carved pillars placed at measured intervals.
Crowning the head of the mausoleum is a single dome with a lotus finial at the top. The interior is ornamented with tiles beneath which is a single tomb.
The compound outside has an open air mosque built into the western wall with a paved platform for holy men to offer prayers for the soul of the sultan.
The features and characteristics of provincial architecture of Jaunpur, focusing mainly on Jami masjid and Lal darwaza, also comparison between provincial architecture of jaunpur and bijapur.
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI | MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODImanoj chauhan
MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODI
The lodhi dynasty (or lodhi) was An afghan dynasty that ruled
The delhi sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
It was the last dynasty of The delhi sultanate and was founded by bahlul khan
Lodi when he replaced Dynasty.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the use of Hindu and Islamic elements in combination.
The trend begun when Hindu artisans were forced to create Islamic structures for the Delhi Sultans who having arrived in India on conquest and plunder lacked artisans and architects.
Under later dynasties, Islamic immigrants trickling into the realm (and in greater numbers during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East) added to the talent pool with newer ideas and authentic Middle Eastern styles.
The mix of styles and use of elements gradually evolved overtime reaching its pinnacle under the Mughals.
The mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi is taken to be the first of the garden mausoleums built in the sub continent.
Inspired in parts by Muhammad Shah’s Mausoleum situated a little distance away, its most visibly distinguishing feature is its octagonal plan and garden inside.
Out of the two types of tombs constructed during the period, the octagonal design appear to be associated with royalty than the more numerous square type.
The tomb was an innovation in mausoleum complexes built during the reign of the Delhi Sultanates.
Enclosed within a raised fortified complex, with two dome shaped Chattris (umbrella shaped domes) at the main entrance, the octagonal mausoleum sits in the middle of a large garden.
The housing space is ringed by a wide veranda with lightly carved pillars placed at measured intervals.
Crowning the head of the mausoleum is a single dome with a lotus finial at the top. The interior is ornamented with tiles beneath which is a single tomb.
The compound outside has an open air mosque built into the western wall with a paved platform for holy men to offer prayers for the soul of the sultan.
The features and characteristics of provincial architecture of Jaunpur, focusing mainly on Jami masjid and Lal darwaza, also comparison between provincial architecture of jaunpur and bijapur.
Deccan architecture is derived from sultans of Delhi and Persian architecture.
Delhi influence was brought by Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq in 1340 when he shifted his capital to Daulatabad.
Artisans were brought from Delhi.
Rulers arrived from Persian gulf to west of India giving ready access to Bahamani kingdom.
First independent ruler Ala-Ud-Din Hassan Bahaman Shah was an Persian adventurer from court of Tuglaq
KANDARIYA MAHADEV MANDIR), meaning "the Great God of the Cave", is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, in the form of a linga. It was made in 1030 by King Vidhyadhara of Chandela dynasty.
Culture Primary deity Shiva(Mahadeva) Architecture Architectural styles North Indian History and governance Date built circa 1030 Creator King Vidyadhara of the Chandela dynasty
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE THE GROUP OF GARDENS BUILT BY THE MUGHALS
IN THE ISLAMIC STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE.
TYPICAL FEATURES-
POOLS
FOUNTAINS
CANALS INSIDE THE GARDENS
RIVER FRONT GARDENS THAN FORTRESS GARDENS
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS-
RECTANGULAR PEAL GARDEN
LONG BUTTERFLY GARDEN
CIRCULAR GARDENS
TERRACED GARDEN
Lecture 07: Islamic Architecture in India_Tughlaq DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Tughlaq Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
Lecture 06: Islamic Architecture in India_Khilji DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Khilji Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
Islamic Architecture in India- Imperial styleAngel Roselin
IMPERIAL STYLE 1191 – 1557 CE
• The earliest appearance of Islamic architecture in India is referred to as the imperial style.
The style of this period is also called the early Indo-Islamic style.
• The existing buildings were converted into mosques with the elements of ruins from Hindu
temples.
“A mix of Indian and Arabic style of architecture emerged and developed into a peerless form of art and architecture.”
• Islamic Architecture - Imperial style 1: Classification of Islamic architecture in Indian, religious
and secular typologies of Islamic architecture | Examples under imperial style; slave dynasty -
Qutb Complex, Quwwat –ul-islam mosque, Qutbminar. | Khalji dynasty -Alai Darwaza at Delhi
(concept of squinch arches)
• Islamic Architecture - Imperial style 2: Tughlaq dynasty - Tomb of Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, Khirki
masjid | Sayyid dynasty – Tomb of Mubarak Sayyid | Lodi dynasty – Tomb of Sikanderlodi
Lecture 05: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
Deccan architecture is derived from sultans of Delhi and Persian architecture.
Delhi influence was brought by Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq in 1340 when he shifted his capital to Daulatabad.
Artisans were brought from Delhi.
Rulers arrived from Persian gulf to west of India giving ready access to Bahamani kingdom.
First independent ruler Ala-Ud-Din Hassan Bahaman Shah was an Persian adventurer from court of Tuglaq
KANDARIYA MAHADEV MANDIR), meaning "the Great God of the Cave", is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, in the form of a linga. It was made in 1030 by King Vidhyadhara of Chandela dynasty.
Culture Primary deity Shiva(Mahadeva) Architecture Architectural styles North Indian History and governance Date built circa 1030 Creator King Vidyadhara of the Chandela dynasty
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE THE GROUP OF GARDENS BUILT BY THE MUGHALS
IN THE ISLAMIC STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE.
TYPICAL FEATURES-
POOLS
FOUNTAINS
CANALS INSIDE THE GARDENS
RIVER FRONT GARDENS THAN FORTRESS GARDENS
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS-
RECTANGULAR PEAL GARDEN
LONG BUTTERFLY GARDEN
CIRCULAR GARDENS
TERRACED GARDEN
Lecture 07: Islamic Architecture in India_Tughlaq DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Tughlaq Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
Lecture 06: Islamic Architecture in India_Khilji DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Khilji Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
Islamic Architecture in India- Imperial styleAngel Roselin
IMPERIAL STYLE 1191 – 1557 CE
• The earliest appearance of Islamic architecture in India is referred to as the imperial style.
The style of this period is also called the early Indo-Islamic style.
• The existing buildings were converted into mosques with the elements of ruins from Hindu
temples.
“A mix of Indian and Arabic style of architecture emerged and developed into a peerless form of art and architecture.”
• Islamic Architecture - Imperial style 1: Classification of Islamic architecture in Indian, religious
and secular typologies of Islamic architecture | Examples under imperial style; slave dynasty -
Qutb Complex, Quwwat –ul-islam mosque, Qutbminar. | Khalji dynasty -Alai Darwaza at Delhi
(concept of squinch arches)
• Islamic Architecture - Imperial style 2: Tughlaq dynasty - Tomb of Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, Khirki
masjid | Sayyid dynasty – Tomb of Mubarak Sayyid | Lodi dynasty – Tomb of Sikanderlodi
Lecture 05: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Basic info:
Built By: Bahamani Dynasty
Year Of Completion:Approx.1300s
(74 Years Ago)
Style: Provincial
Location: Gulbarga,
Karnataka
N
3. Planning Concept:
Dimensions:
54m
66m
Main points:
Shape: Rectangular
Entrance: North
Mihrab on west end with trefoil arch
No Courtyard
No Minarets
Instead of courtyard arcade of pointed arches.
Domes
Vaulted Barrel Roof Above Bays
4. Domes and barrel vaults:
80 DOMES:
•1 large dome(west)(abovemihrab)
•4 medium sized (corners)
•75 small domes
27 Barrel vaulted roofs above bays:
•10 bays on both sides of prayer hall
•7 bays on east end
7. Ornamentation:
•Pointed arches
•Trefoil Arch : Mihrab And Circling The Huge
Dome
•Interior Archways--“Moorish Stalactite
Pendentive Bracketing”…
(“Moorish”-north African
Stalactite work: also known as “honeycomb
work” or Muqrana)
•Petal detailing on turrets
•Small niches with a little carving
8. Construction technology:
•Material: Stone masonry with lime mortar
•Form:domes And Vaulted Barrel Roofs
•Ventilation: No Courtyard,but Arcade Of
Pointed Arches On Three Elevations
•Huge dome supported with squinches
•Small domes supported by pendatives of archway
•Archways: Low Impost. Wide Span
Dome supported by
pendentives
9. •Acoustic:
oMini ventilators=resonators (reduces echo)
oMaterial=absorption of sound
oConcavity=converges waves(sound audible in all the bays)
SCATTERING OF WAVES
ON FLAT SURFACE
CONVERGENCE OF WAVES ON
CONCAVE SURFACE
