38. 1ST, 2ND AND 3RD PERSON
• First person Okhulumayo Mina ngi- /
• Thina si-
• Second person Okukhulunywa naye Wena u- /
• Nina ni-
• Third person Okukhulunywa ngaye/ngakho
Izigaba zamabizo
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39. • Module 1-2 IZIMPAWU ZESIZULU
• IZIMPAWU ZESIZULU/ZESINTU EZISEMQOKA
• 1. Izigaba zamabizo (Amabizo anesiqalo):
• umu- x aba-; umu- x imi-; i(li)- x ama-; isi- x izi-; in(i)- x
izin(i)-
• 2. Kunezakhi eziyisivumelwano:
• Abafundi laba abaxoxayo bafunde le (i)ncwadi
• Izitshudeni lezi ezixoxayo zifunde lezi (i)zincwadi
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95. UBUDLELWANE BAMAGAMA ESIZULU EMSHWENI
UMENZI
│
↓
ISENZO
│
↓
UMENZIWA
│
↓
ISANDISO
│
sesimo
↓
ISANDISO
│
sendawo
↓
ISANDISO
│
sesikhathi
↓
1
'(We)
Siyabona
see.'
2 Thina
'We
siyabona.
see.'
3 Thina
'We
sibona
see
imoto.
the car.'
4a Thina
'We
sibona
see
imoto
the car
kahle.
clearly.'
4b Thina
'We
sibona
see
imoto
the car
ekhaya.
at hm.'
4c Thina
'We
sibona
see
imoto
the car
kahle
clearly
ekhaya
at home
ekuseni.
in the morning.'
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96. 3.1.1 THE POSITION OF THE SUBJECT IN THE SENTENCE
The basic word order, as indicated above, may change. Even though the default
position of the subject noun is thus in sentence initial position, the subject noun may
appear in other positions in the sentence. If the subject is moved from sentence
initial position this brings about a change in focus in the sentence. Let us illustrate
the moving of the subject noun from its default position by referring to a simple
sentence consisting of a subject, verb and object only. The basic word order
(illustrated in example 1a) can be changed as is evident in examples 1b - 1f below.
(S stands for subject; V stands for verb (predicate) and O stands for object.)
1.
a. S V O
↓ ↓ ↓
Intombazane ifunda incwadi.
'The girl reads the letter.'
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97. a. V O S
↓ ↓ ↓
Ifunda incwadi intombazane
‘She reads the letter the girl.’
b.
S O V
↓ ↓ ↓
Intombazane incwadi iyayifunda.
‘The girl, the letter she reads it.’
c.
O S V
↓ ↓ ↓
Incwadi intombazane iyayifunda.
‘The letter, the girl, she reads it.’
d.
O V S
↓ ↓ ↓
Incwadi iyayifunda intombazane.
‘The letter, she reads it, the girl.’
e. V S O
↓ ↓ ↓
Iyayifunda intombazane incwadi.
She reads it, the girl, the letter.’
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