It is usefull for 12th student and jee student

2. 20_441
Isomers
(same formula but different properties)
Stereoisomers
(same bonds, different
spatial arrangements)
Structural
isomers
(different bonds)
Optical
isomerism
Geometric
(cis-trans)
isomerism
Linkage
isomerism
Coordination
isomerism

3. Structural Isomerism 1
Coordination isomerism:
Composition of the complex ion varies.
[Cr(NH3)5SO4]Br
and [Cr(NH3)5Br]SO4

4. Structural Isomerism 2
Ligand isomerism:
Same complex ion structure but point of
attachment of at least one of the ligands differs.
[Co(NH3)4(NO2)Cl]Cl
and [Co(NH3)4(ONO)Cl]Cl

5. Linkage Isomers
[Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2
Pentaamminenitrocobalt(III)
chloride
[Co(NH3)5(ONO)]Cl2
Pentaamminenitritocobalt(III)
chloride

6. Stereoisomerism 1
Geometric isomerism (cis-trans):
Atoms or groups arranged differently spatially
relative to metal ion
Pt(NH3)2Cl2

8. 20_444
H3N
Co
H3N
NH3
NH3
Cl
Cl
H3N
Co
H3N
NH3
Cl
Cl
NH3
Cl
Cl
Co
Cl
Cl
Co
(a) (b)

9. Stereoisomerism 2
Optical isomerism:
Have opposite effects on plane-polarized light
(no superimposable mirror images)
20_446
Unpolarized
light
Polarizing
filter
Polarized
light
Tube
containing
sample

Rotated
polarized light

10. 20_448
Left hand Right hand
Mirror image
of right hand

12. 20_449
N
N
N
N
N
N
Co
N
N
N
N
N
N
Co
Mirror image
of Isomer I
Isomer I Isomer II
N
N
N
N
N
N
Co

13. 20_450
Cl
Cl
N
N
N
N
Co
Cl
Cl
N
N
N
N
Co
Cl
Cl
N
N
N
N
Co
Cl
Cl
N
N
N
N
Co
Cl
Cl
N
N
N
N
Co
Isomer II
Isomer I
cis
trans
Isomer II cannot be
superimposed exactly
on isomer I. They are
not identical structures.
The trans isomer and
its mirror image are
identical. They are not
isomers of each other.
Isomer II has the same
structure as the mirror
image of isomer I.
(b)
(a)

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