This document outlines the seven categories of acts in Islamic jurisprudence: 1. Fardh (obligatory) - Must be performed and neglecting it is punishable. Rejecting it makes one a disbeliever. 2. Waajib (obligatory) - Must be performed and neglecting it is punishable, but rejecting it does not make one a disbeliever. 3. Sunnah (encouraged) - Acts that the Prophet performed that are further divided into strongly recommended and non-strongly recommended categories. 4. Mustahab (encouraged) - Acts preferred by pious predecessors that are rewarded but punishment is not for neglecting. 5.

1. Islamic Jurisprudence

2. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
1. Fardh (Must)
2. Waajib (obligatory)
3. Sunnah(encouraged)
4. Mustahab(encouraged)
5. Mubaah (Permissible)
6. Makrooh (disliked) and
7. Haraam (illegal)
Fardh Waajib Sunna
h
Mustaha
b
Mubaah Makrooh Haraam
• Ayn
• Kifaayah
• Sunnah
Mu'akkadah
• Sunnah Ghayr
Mu'akkadah
• Nafl
• Mandoob
• Tatawwu
• Makrooh Tahreemi
• Makrooh Tanzeehi
Allah knows best what is most
correct.

3. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
☞ Fardh (Must): Fardh is that obligation which is established by a Qat'ee
proof, a proof that cannot be doubted, such as a proof from the Qur'aan.
• The person who neglects a Fardh act without a valid excuse is
regarded as a Faasiq and is liable for punishment.
• The person who rejects the fact that a Fardh act is indeed Fardh is a
Kaafir.
☞ Two categories of Fardh are: Fardh Ayn and Fardh Kifaayah
☞ Fardh Ayn: Those Fardh acts that are obligatory for every individual, such
as the five daily salaahs
☞ Fardh Kifaayah: Those Fardh acts that are not obligatory upon every
individual, but will be fulfilled when some of the community discharge them.
The rest of the community will then be absolved of the obligation. However,
the entire community will be sinful if no one discharged the obligation. And
example of this is the Janaazah salaah.

4. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
☞ Waajib (obligatory) is that compulsory act which is established by a
Dhannee proof, a proof that is not as doubtless as a Qat'ee proof.
☞ The person who neglects a Waajib (compulsory) act without a valid
excuse is liable for punishment and although the person who rejects the
Waajib act is not a Kaafir, he will certainly be regarded as a Faasiq

5. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
☞ Sunnah: are those acts that Rasulullaah SAW. and the Sahabah RADI.
carried out.
☞ They fall into two categories: Sunnah Mu'akkadah ad Sunnah Ghayr
Mu'akkadah
☞ Sunnah Mu'akkadah: These are those acts that Rasulullaah SAW. and
the Sahabah RADI. regularly carried out, which they emphasized or which
the never omitted without a valid excuse.
➜ The status of such acts is like that of Waajib (compulsory) acts,
meaning that neglecting them without excuse will render one sinful and
habitually neglecting them is a grave sin which will make one a Faasiq
and will deprive one of Rasulullaah SAW. intercession on the Day of
Qiyaamah.
➜ Sunnah Mu'akkadah also fall into two categories: Sunnah Ayn and
Sunnah Kifaayah

6. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
➜ Sunnah Ayn: Those Sunnah acts that are Sunnah for every individual,
such as the Taraaweeh salaah.
➜ Sunnah Kifaayah: Those Sunnah acts that are not Sunnah upon every
individual, but will be fulfilled when some members of the community
discharge them. However, the entire community will be sinful if no one
discharged the obligation. And example of this is to perform the Taraaweeh
salaah in Jamaa'ah in the local Masjid.
☞ Sunnah Ghayr Mu'akkadah: These are those Sunnah acts that
Rasulullaah SAW. and the Sahabah RADI. carried out most of the time, but
sometimes left out without an excuse. They hold tremendous rewards if
Carried out, but one will not be sinful for omitting them. These Sunnah acts
are also known as Sunnah Aadiyyah and Sunnah Zawaa'id

7. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
☞ Mustahab: These are those acts that Rasulullaah SAW. and the
Sahabah RADI. sometimes carried out and which were preferred by the
pious Predecessors. They hold tremendous rewards if carried out, but
one will not be sinful for omitting them.
☞ These acts are also have subcategories as Nafl, Mandoob and
Tatawwu.
☞ Nafl (optional), Mandoob (recommended) and Tatawwu (voluntary) are
legal rulings that refer to acts that are enjoined upon us by Islamic Law
without being obligatory

8. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
☞ Mubaah: These are acts which will neither be rewarded if carried out,
nor will they be punished if omitted. And Allah knows best what is most
correct.

9. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
☞ Makrooh (disliked) fall into two categories: Makrooh Tahreemi and
Makrooh Tanzeehi
☞ Makrooh Tahreemi: This is that prohibition which is established by a
Dhannee proof , a proof that is not as doubtless as a Qat'ee proof. The
person who perpetrates a Makrooh Tahreemi act without a valid excuse
is liable for punishment and although the person who rejects the Makrooh
Tahreemi act is not a Kaafir, he will certainly be regarded as a Faasiq.
☞ Makrooh Tanzeehi: These are prohibited acts which, if avoided, will
earn rewards but will not make one sinful if perpetrated, though carrying
them out does hold a degree of repugnance.

10. শুরু করছি আল্লাহর নামে ছিছন পরে করুণােয়, অছি দয়ালু।
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
☞ Haraam: is that prohibition which is established by Qat'ee proof, a
proof that cannot be doubted, such as a proof from the Qur'aan.
☞ The person who perpetrated a Haraam act without a valid excuse is
regarded as a Faasiq and is liable for punishment. The person who
rejects the fact that a Haraam act is indeed Haraam is a Kaafir.
Allah knows best what is most
correct.

11. AlHamdu Lillaahi Rabbil Aalameen
িাবিীয় প্রশংসা আল্লাহ িা’আলার ছিছন সকল সৃছি জগমির পালনকিত া।
Hossain Md Shakhawat
Researcher, Tokyo Institute of Technology