Trends in AI: - 67% of executives say AI will help humans and machines work together to be stronger using both artificial and human intelligence. - 65% think that AI would free employees from menial tasks. - 27% of executives say their organization plans to invest within a year in cybersecurity safeguards that use AI and machine learning. So is Artificial Intelligence going to provide safety for us?

1. AI & SAFETYIs AI going to provide safety for us?

2. DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?
Trends in AI
Source: PwC Consumer Intelligence Series: Bot.Me, 2017
67%
increase in
traffic
Executives say AI will help humans and
machines work together to be stronger
using both artificial and human intelligence.
65%
free from menial
tasks
Executives think that AI would free
employees from menial tasks.
27%
cyber security
safeguards
Executives say their organisation plans to
invest within a year in cybersecurity
safeguards that use AI and machine
learning.

3. “Computers are not susceptible to the same probability of errors as human beings
are.”
Less errors
AI can do tedious tasks, freeing up humans to what they do best. “Humans are not
best served by doing tedious tasks. Machines can do that, so this is where AI can
provide a true benefit. This allows us to do the more interpersonal and creative
aspects of work”.
Tedious tasks
INCREASE SAFETY
Why AI can provide more safety?
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

4. A failure of face recognition technology. A week after the release of the iPhone X,
hackers had gotten around the phone's signature Face ID facial recognition system.
Using a mask with a 3D-printed base, Vietnamese security firm Bkav convinced an
iPhone X it was a human, and unlocked the phone. The firm said the mask cost about
$150 to create”.
Illustrations: https://www.wired.com/story/hackers-say-broke-face-id-security/
Failure
DECREASE SAFETY
Why AI can provide more safety?
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

5. Death of a pedestrian in Arizona: a collision involving a self-driving car prototype by
Uber
Source: nytimes.com
Self-driving Uber
ACCIDENTS
with autonomous cars
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?
Death of a driver in a Tesla Model X, an accident while the car was apparently under
partial computer control.
Source: theverge.com
Tesla Model X

6. “If you go back to the early airliners, there were terrible tragedies because the technology was
evolving. And with any new tech, there’s always a fear factor, at first. There are going to be
pioneers, such as Uber, where there will be tragedies.”
The trade off is still high
Thanks to car to car communication and use of AI technology number of accidents are still
much lower than those caused by humans.
Example: Tesla
NEW TECHNOLOGY
FAILS
IN EVERY NEW TECHNOLOGY THERE ARE GOING
TO BE SITUATIONS WHERE THE TECH FAILS.
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

7. BRACKETS Presentation
THE WORLD
WON’T FUNCTION
WITHOUT AI.
“The world as we built it won’t function
without AI. The reason is that we will need
AI technologies to perform the jobs people
will no longer want to perform”.

8. AI will produce even more powerful cyber attacks.
“Intelligent malware/ransomware can learn as it spreads and applies machine
intelligence to coordinate global cyberattacks. Businesses need to react in real time
strongly and quickly and fight AI with AI. Since they have no choice but to deploy AI
cyberdefense, cybersecurity is becoming many people's first foray into the world of
AI”.
Cyber attacks
RISK
AI in the hands of the wrong person
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?
Risk of AI being used for destructive purposes.
“Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence systems that are programmed to kill.
In the hands of the wrong person, these weapons could easily cause mass casualties.
Moreover, an AI arms race could inadvertently lead to an AI war that also results in
mass casualties.”
Destructive purpose

9. “The AI is programmed to do something beneficial, but it develops a destructive method for
achieving its goal. This can happen whenever we fail to fully align the AI’s goals with ours, which
is strikingly difficult.”
Example:
If you ask an obedient intelligent car to take you to the airport as fast as possible, it might get
you there chased by helicopters.
If a superintelligent system is tasked with a ambitious geoengineering project, it might wreak
havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect”.
FOR A GOOD
PURPOSE
RISK OF AI FINDING A DESTRUCTIVE SOLUTION
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

10. Unintended and unforeseen consequences of AI.
“it is believed that Facebook's newsfeed algorithm influenced an election outcome
that affected geopolitics. How can we better anticipate and address such possible
outcomes in future?”
Facebook algorithm
EXAMPLES
We already have
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?
Blindly following AI recommendations can be dangerous. “When machine
intelligence exceeds our ability to understand it, or it becomes superior intelligence, we
should take care to not blindly follow its recommendation and absolve ourselves of all
responsibility”.
Blindly following

11. “They tend to be trained on highly-curated datasets and so can fail when faced with
unfamiliar input. This can happen by accident or by design—researchers have come
up with numerous ways to trick image recognition algorithms into misclassifying
things, including thinking a 3D printed tortoise was actually a gun”.
3D printed tortoise
EXAMPLES
AI can be tricked, e.g. with “adversarial images”
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?
“You can make adversarial glasses that trick facial recognition systems into thinking
you’re someone else [..] Imagine tricking a self-driving car into seeing stop signs
everywhere“
Adversarial glasses

12. As well as creating a turtle that looks like a rifle, they also made a baseball that gets
confused for an espresso and numerous non-3D-printed tests. The classes they chose
were at random.
Random tests
EXAMPLES
AI can be tricked, e.g. with “adversarial images”
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?
The group tested their attack against an image classifier developed by Google called
Inception-v3.
Inception-v3

13. APPLICATIONSFor AI

14. ROAD SAFETYApplications
Nearly 1.3 million people worldwide die in road
crashes each year, on average 3,287 deaths a day.
An additional 20-50 million are injured or disabled.
Now Prediction
Google is saying that its autonomous cars are 10
times safer than the best drivers, and 40 times
safer than teenagers.
Tests
Google are testing their cars in the US first (dry
weather and straight roads), but eventually their
technology will need to work in other countries.
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

15. REDUCTION MEDICAL ERRORSApplications
AI is already used for tasks like drug discovery,
making the process more efficient.
Now Prediction
“Precision medicine will allow doctors and
researchers to predict more accurately which
treatment and prevention strategies for a
particular disease will work in which groups of
people.”
Tests
Diagnostics: Stanford researchers’s algorithm is
able to diagnose pneumonia better than expert
radiologists working alone. There is a potential to
improve the efficiency of radiologists.
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

16. SAFETY & SECURITYApplications: Cyber security, public safety in cities
Detecting
Detecting and predicting crime. Forecasting
when and where crimes will be committed.
Processing
Automatic processing of CCTV and drone
footage
Helping
Well-designed systems could help to
counteract human bias and police
malpractice.
Analysing
Techniques like speech and gait analysis
could help interrogators and security
guards.
Predicting
Predict attacks and fraud before they
happen.
Identifying
Identifying patterns and anomalies related
to cyber attacks.
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

17. BORDER CONTROLApplications
iBorderCtrl, is part of a six-month pilot led by the Hungarian National Police
EU contribution (100% of costs): € 4 501 877.
Duration: September 2016 to August 2019.
In Hungary, Latvia, and Greece, travellers will be
given an automated lie-detection test.
Automated lie-detection test Questions
The virtual border control agent will ask travelers
questions “What’s in your suitcase?” and “If you
open the suitcase and show me what is inside, will
it confirm that your answers were true?
Records
The system records travelers’ faces using AI to
analyze 38 micro-gestures, scoring each
response. The virtual agent is customized
according to the traveler’s gender, ethnicity, and
language.
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

18. CONCLUSIONFor AI

19. CONCLUSIONFor AI & Safety
AI has a potential to reduce human errors,
resulting in a better safety
Reduce human errors Improve public safety
A potential to improve public safety, enhance
cyber security, reduce road accidents, reduce
medical errors, etc.
Caution
Caution and new counter-measures are required
to minimize the potential risks of AI and avoid
unintended consequences (such as “tricking” the
AI with adversarial images or using AI for
destructive purposes)
DLabs - Is AI going to provide safety for us?

20. http://www.dlabs.pl
office@dlabs.pl
Krzysztof Rykaczewski, PhD
Presented By

21. THANK YOUQuestions?