Running Head: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
Artificial Intelligence and Expert System
Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems
ABSTRACT:
· What is artificial intelligence?
· Characteristics of AI
· The field of AI
· How the AI field evolved
· What is Expert System?
KEYWORDS:
· Artificial intelligence Technology
· International Technology Transfers
· Expert Systems
· Applied Artificial Intelligence Human Experts
INTRODUCTION:
· AI to Predict and Adapt
· Making Decisions
· Continuous Learning
· Capability of Motion and Perception
OVERVIEW OF APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
· Natural language processing
· Robotics
· Computer vision
· Speech Recognition
· Machine learning
EXPERIMENT:
APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS:
· Troubleshooting and Diagnosis
· Financial decision making
· Knowledge Publishing
· Design and Manufacturing
EXPERT SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION:
BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF AI ALONG WITH EXPERT SYSTEMS:
LIMITATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS:
NEURAL NETWORKING:
· Artificial neural networking
· Training Data
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Sapana Dahal
CSCI 303
Texas A& M University Commerce
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the current technological crazed world has been on the center stage. AI has commendable gained notable popularity and visibility that is very string in the public domain, business community, Educations and various other special fields. Now the most successful business in the world have not hesitated to fully take advantage of AI to better their products, through presented AI to the consumer in a cheaper state. This is the example Amazon Alexa AI, Apples Siri AI and Microsoft’s Cortana (Kaplan & Haenlein 2019). These are aperfect example of the use of AI to make things easier for the consumer, all these considered to be “personal assistants. Expert Systems (ES) on the other hand are a dominant filed in AI, basically the largest field in AI currently, this is because it offers scientific, commercial and military application of AI. This paper is aimed at looking at and explaining the AI concepts and ES applications that have been able to make the life of every individual in different field easier. Like ROSS the Ai attorney, or the Dendral expert system in medicine. The Implementation of AI technology cannot be ignored in our daily lives cannot be ignored because of the impact that such a technology is bringing to our world. Never have machines been able to mimic the human brain and be able to tackles decision making or problem-solving instance as better or just as the human brain. These aspects have caused a major quagmire of mixed feelings. Mainly because the AI and ESs will make our lives easier bhut at the same time it will step in the place of human experts that will mean they will be replaced. The paper clearly discusses on this fact on how the ESs and Ai are not here to replace the Human experts, especially the white-collar jobs but only to make the ...
Running Head ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMSArtifici.docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
Artificial Intelligence and Expert System
Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems
ABSTRACT:
· What is artificial intelligence?
· Characteristics of AI
· The field of AI
· How the AI field evolved
· What is Expert System?
KEYWORDS:
· Artificial intelligence Technology
· International Technology Transfers
· Expert Systems
· Applied Artificial Intelligence Human Experts
INTRODUCTION:
· AI to Predict and Adapt
· Making Decisions
· Continuous Learning
· Capability of Motion and Perception
OVERVIEW OF APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
· Natural language processing
· Robotics
· Computer vision
· Speech Recognition
· Machine learning
EXPERIMENT:
APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS:
· Troubleshooting and Diagnosis
· Financial decision making
· Knowledge Publishing
· Design and Manufacturing
EXPERT SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION:
BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF AI ALONG WITH EXPERT SYSTEMS:
NEURAL NETWORKING:
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Sapana Dahal
CSCI 303
Texas A& M University Commerce
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the current technological crazed world has been on the center stage. AI has commendable gained notable popularity and visibility that is very string in the public domain, business community, Educations and various other special fields. Now the most successful business in the world have not hesitated to fully take advantage of AI to better their products, through presented AI to the consumer in a cheaper state. This is the example Amazon Alexa AI, Apples Siri AI and Microsoft’s Cortana (Kaplan & Haenlein 2019). These are aperfect example of the use of AI to make things easier for the consumer, all these considered to be “personal assistants. Expert Systems (ES) on the other hand are a dominant filed in AI, basically the largest field in AI currently, this is because it offers scientific, commercial and military application of AI. This paper is aimed at looking at and explaining the AI concepts and ES applications that have been able to make the life of every individual in different field easier. Like ROSS the Ai attorney, or the Dendral expert system in medicine. The Implementation of AI technology cannot be ignored in our daily lives cannot be ignored because of the impact that such a technology is bringing to our world. Never have machines been able to mimic the human brain and be able to tackles decision making or problem-solving instance as better or just as the human brain. These aspects have caused a major quagmire of mixed feelings. Mainly because the AI and ESs will make our lives easier bhut at the same time it will step in the place of human experts that will mean they will be replaced. The paper clearly discusses on this fact on how the ESs and Ai are not here to replace the Human experts, especially the white-collar jobs but only to make their task much easier.
KEYWORDS
Artificial Intelligence Technology, Internationa ...
Action Transformer - The next frontier in AI development.pdfAnastasiaSteele10
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
Action Transformer The next frontier in AI development.pdfStephenAmell4
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIETY.pdfSyedZakirHussian
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the talk of the town! It’s no longer just the stuff of science fiction, but a rapidly evolving technology that’s changing our world in ways we couldn’t have imagined just a few short years ago. From Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and smart homes, AI is already playing a significant role in our daily lives. But what does the future hold for this cutting-edge technology? How will it continue to impact our society?
In this blog, we’ll be exploring the future of Artificial Intelligence and its impact on society. From advancements in healthcare and employment to privacy and security concerns, we’ll take a deep dive into the many ways AI is shaping our world. And, because we believe that life is too short to be serious all the time, we’ll also sprinkle in a bit of humor to keep things interesting. So, buckle up, and let’s go on a journey to the future!
The advancements in AI are nothing short of remarkable, and it’s exciting to think about what the future holds. But it’s important to remember that with great power comes great responsibility. As we move forward with AI, it’s essential to consider the potential impact on society and to develop responsible practices to ensure that this technology is used for the greater good. We hope this blog will provide a valuable resource for those interested in learning more about the future of Artificial Intelligence and its impact on society.
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm. It is based on a large transformer model and operates as a natural human-computer interface, much like Google’s PSC, allowing users to issue high-level commands in natural language and watch as the program performs complex tasks across various software and websites.
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
Running Head ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMSArtifici.docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
Artificial Intelligence and Expert System
Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems
ABSTRACT:
· What is artificial intelligence?
· Characteristics of AI
· The field of AI
· How the AI field evolved
· What is Expert System?
KEYWORDS:
· Artificial intelligence Technology
· International Technology Transfers
· Expert Systems
· Applied Artificial Intelligence Human Experts
INTRODUCTION:
· AI to Predict and Adapt
· Making Decisions
· Continuous Learning
· Capability of Motion and Perception
OVERVIEW OF APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
· Natural language processing
· Robotics
· Computer vision
· Speech Recognition
· Machine learning
EXPERIMENT:
APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS:
· Troubleshooting and Diagnosis
· Financial decision making
· Knowledge Publishing
· Design and Manufacturing
EXPERT SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION:
BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF AI ALONG WITH EXPERT SYSTEMS:
NEURAL NETWORKING:
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Sapana Dahal
CSCI 303
Texas A& M University Commerce
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the current technological crazed world has been on the center stage. AI has commendable gained notable popularity and visibility that is very string in the public domain, business community, Educations and various other special fields. Now the most successful business in the world have not hesitated to fully take advantage of AI to better their products, through presented AI to the consumer in a cheaper state. This is the example Amazon Alexa AI, Apples Siri AI and Microsoft’s Cortana (Kaplan & Haenlein 2019). These are aperfect example of the use of AI to make things easier for the consumer, all these considered to be “personal assistants. Expert Systems (ES) on the other hand are a dominant filed in AI, basically the largest field in AI currently, this is because it offers scientific, commercial and military application of AI. This paper is aimed at looking at and explaining the AI concepts and ES applications that have been able to make the life of every individual in different field easier. Like ROSS the Ai attorney, or the Dendral expert system in medicine. The Implementation of AI technology cannot be ignored in our daily lives cannot be ignored because of the impact that such a technology is bringing to our world. Never have machines been able to mimic the human brain and be able to tackles decision making or problem-solving instance as better or just as the human brain. These aspects have caused a major quagmire of mixed feelings. Mainly because the AI and ESs will make our lives easier bhut at the same time it will step in the place of human experts that will mean they will be replaced. The paper clearly discusses on this fact on how the ESs and Ai are not here to replace the Human experts, especially the white-collar jobs but only to make their task much easier.
KEYWORDS
Artificial Intelligence Technology, Internationa ...
Action Transformer - The next frontier in AI development.pdfAnastasiaSteele10
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
Action Transformer The next frontier in AI development.pdfStephenAmell4
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIETY.pdfSyedZakirHussian
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the talk of the town! It’s no longer just the stuff of science fiction, but a rapidly evolving technology that’s changing our world in ways we couldn’t have imagined just a few short years ago. From Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and smart homes, AI is already playing a significant role in our daily lives. But what does the future hold for this cutting-edge technology? How will it continue to impact our society?
In this blog, we’ll be exploring the future of Artificial Intelligence and its impact on society. From advancements in healthcare and employment to privacy and security concerns, we’ll take a deep dive into the many ways AI is shaping our world. And, because we believe that life is too short to be serious all the time, we’ll also sprinkle in a bit of humor to keep things interesting. So, buckle up, and let’s go on a journey to the future!
The advancements in AI are nothing short of remarkable, and it’s exciting to think about what the future holds. But it’s important to remember that with great power comes great responsibility. As we move forward with AI, it’s essential to consider the potential impact on society and to develop responsible practices to ensure that this technology is used for the greater good. We hope this blog will provide a valuable resource for those interested in learning more about the future of Artificial Intelligence and its impact on society.
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm. It is based on a large transformer model and operates as a natural human-computer interface, much like Google’s PSC, allowing users to issue high-level commands in natural language and watch as the program performs complex tasks across various software and websites.
The Action Transformer Model represents a groundbreaking technological advancement that enables seamless communication with other software and applications, effectively bridging humanity and the digital realm.
AI, or Artificial Intelligence, encompasses various important concepts and terminology. One such concept is Machine Learning, which enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance without explicit programming. Another key concept is Neural Networks, which are modeled after the structure and function of the human brain.It plays a role in tasks such as object detection, image classification, and facial recognition. Lastly, Reinforcement Learning involves an agent learning to make decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. These concepts and terminologies form the foundation of AI and contribute to its advancements and applications in various domains.
VISIT:https://skillup.online/courses/ai-for-everyone-master-the-basics/
Author Francesca Rossi EN Policy Department C Citizens.docxrock73
Author: Francesca Rossi EN
Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs
European Parliament
PE 571.380
Artificial Intelligence: Potential Benefits and
Ethical Considerations
KEY FINDINGS
The ability of AI systems to transform vast amounts of complex, ambiguous
information into insight has the potential to reveal long-held secrets and help solve
some of the world’s most enduring problems.
However, like all powerful technologies, great care must be taken in its development
and deployment. To reap the societal benefits of AI systems, we will first need to trust
them and make sure that they follow the same ethical principles, moral values,
professional codes, and social norms that we humans would follow in the same
scenario. Research and educational efforts, as well as carefully designed regulations,
must be put in place to achieve this goal.
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is actively engaged, both internally
as well as with its collaborators and competitors, in global discussions about how to
make AI ethical and as beneficial as possible for people as society.
1. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
The term “artificial intelligence” (AI) has been mentioned for the first time in 1956 by John
McCarthy during a conference where several scientists decided to meet to see if machines could
be made intelligent. Since then, AI is usually defined as the capability of a computer
program to perform tasks or reasoning processes that we usually associate to intelligence
in a human being. Often it has to do with the ability to make a good decision even when there
is uncertainty or vagueness, or too much information to handle.
As an example, playing chess well, or some complex card games, is believed to need some
form of intelligence in a human being, as well as choosing the best diagnosis in a difficult
medical case, or creating something new, such as a mathematical theorem or even some form
of art, or even driving a car in the middle of a crowded city.
It is clear that this is a strange definition, because it depends on what we consider being
intelligent in the behaviour of a human being at a certain point in time. If our belief about
human intelligence changes, and we don't believe any longer that a certain task requires
intelligence, then a computer program performing that task is no longer part of AI, it becomes
just another boring computer program.
The term “artificial intelligence” brings to mind to the notion of replacing human intelligence
with something synthetic. At IBM, we prefer the term “augmented intelligence”. This means
that we aim to build systems that enhance and scale human expertise and skills rather than
replacing them. We therefore focus on practical applications of discrete AI capabilities that
assist people in performing well-defined tasks, by exploiting a wide range of AI-based services.
We also use th ...
leewayhertz.com-How to build an AI app.pdfrobertsamuel23
The power and potential of artificial intelligence cannot be overstated. It has transformed
how we interact with technology, from introducing us to robots that can perform tasks
with precision to bringing us to the brink of an era of self-driving vehicles and rockets
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force,
revolutionizing various aspects of our lives. From powering voice assistants in
our smartphones to enabling self-driving cars, AI has become an integral part
of our modern society. This article aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of AI, exploring its origins, key concepts such as machine
learning and neural networks, practical applications in diverse fields, ethical
and legal considerations,
The power and potential of artificial intelligence cannot be overstated. It has transformed how we interact with technology, from introducing us to robots that can perform tasks with precision to bringing us to the brink of an era of self-driving vehicles and rockets. And this is just the beginning. With a staggering 270% growth in business adoption in the past four years, it has been clear that AI is not just a tool for solving mathematical problems but a transformative force that will shape the future of our society and economy.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly common presence in our lives, from robots that can perform tasks with precision to autonomous cars that are changing how we travel. It has become an essential part of everything, from large-scale manufacturing units to the small screens of our smartwatches. Today, companies of all sizes and industries are turning to AI to improve customer satisfaction and boost sales. AI is the next big thing, making its way into the inner workings of Fortune 500 companies to help them automate their business processes. Investing in AI can be beneficial for businesses looking to stay competitive in a fast-paced business world.
What Is Artificial Intelligence,How It Is Used and Its Future.pdfMaazUmar3
What Is Artificial Intelligence,How It Is Used in now days and what is Its Future that help the humans also contain full history of artificial intelligence.
AI Revolution_ How AI is Revolutionizing Technology.pdfJPLoft Solutions
Beyond the technical aspects, the ethical component considers implementing moral principles and designing AI systems in our studies. From healthcare, finance, and cybersecurity, our team will look at how AI changes how we work by enabling unprecedented technological breakthroughs.
This step-by-step guide will show you how to build and use an AI app. Whether you are a researcher, business owner or just curious about AI technology, these instructions will help you navigate the steps of creating an AI system that can transform your industry.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that focuses on solving cognitive programs associated with human intelligence, such as pattern recognition, problem-solving and learning. AI refers to the use of advanced technology, such as robotics, in futuristic scenarios.
Building an AI App: A Comprehensive Guide for BeginnersChristopherTHyatt
"Discover the steps to create your own AI app: Choose a framework, define your app's purpose, collect and prepare data, train the model, integrate a user-friendly interface, and deploy successfully."
This guide demystifies AI and democratizes AI knowledge on how it creates and delivers value. It provides an essential understanding of AI to anyone with varying technical knowledge, curiosity, and interest in the technology.
What is artificial intelligence Definition, top 10 types and examples.pdfAlok Tripathi
What is artificial intelligence?
Although many definitions of artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged over the past few decades, John McCarthy provided the following definition in this 2004 paper (link is located outside ibm.com): MASU. Especially intelligent computer programs. It deals with the same task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not need to be limited to biologically observable methods.
Definition of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the imitation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Typical applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision.
How does artificial intelligence (AI) work?
As the hype around AI grows, vendors are making efforts to promote how AI is used in their products and services. Often, what they call AI is just a component of technologies like machine learning. AI requires specialized hardware and software infrastructure to write and train machine learning algorithms. Although no single programming language is synonymous with AI, Python, R, Java, C++, and Julia have features that are popular among AI developers.
Generally, AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training data, analyzing correlations and patterns in the data, and using these patterns to predict future situations. This way, given examples of text, chatbots can learn to generate authentic-like conversations with people. Image recognition tools can also learn to recognize and describe objects in images by considering millions of examples. New and rapidly advancing generic AI technology allows you to create realistic text, images, music, and other media.
Artificial intelligence programming focuses on cognitive skills such as:
• Learn: This aspect of AI programming focuses on taking data and creating rules to turn it into actionable information. Rules, called algorithms, provide step-by-step instructions for computing devices to accomplish a particular task.
• Logic. This aspect of AI programming focuses on selecting the appropriate algorithm to achieve the desired result.
• Self-correction: This aspect of AI programming is designed to continuously improve the algorithms and provide the most accurate results possible.
• Creativity. This aspect of AI uses neural networks, rule-based systems, statistical methods, and other AI techniques to generate new images, new text, new music, and new ideas.
Differences between AI, machine learning and deep learning
AI, machine learning, and deep learning are common terms in enterprise IT, especially when companies use them interchangeably in marketing materials. But there are differences too. The term AI was coined in the 1950s and refers to the emulation of human intelligence by machines. A constantly changing set of capabilities is incorporated as new technologies are developed. Technologies falling under the umbrella of AI include machine learning and deep lea
JyotPrakash Gugnani, Student of sem 2 from department of journalism and mass communication, JIMS Vasant Kunj II talk about Areas of Artificial Intelligence. Have a Look!! For more updates: visit: jimssouthdelhi.com
Top And Best Digital Marketing Agency With AIamdigitalmark15
Elevate your brand with Digitalaanmo, the top agency for the best and affordable digital marketing services. Unleash success with our expert agency solutions
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the media. What are the implications for the merger or acquisition and plans for implementing the blending firms? Also, evaluate and describe two possible technological innovations that may have led to the merger or acquisition. Would you have obtained this new technology or innovation differently? Why? Include the reference information of the article. Respond substantively to at least two other learners.
.
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a d.docxMalikPinckney86
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a document that you have received (please blot out any sensitive information and names) or a document that you find on the Internet. Discuss how the graphics are misused and what could be done to better them. Address the three “Cs” of technical writing: Clarity, Conciseness, and Correctness. Add one or two personal experiences with this topic.
.
More Related Content
Similar to Running Head ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMSArtifici
AI, or Artificial Intelligence, encompasses various important concepts and terminology. One such concept is Machine Learning, which enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance without explicit programming. Another key concept is Neural Networks, which are modeled after the structure and function of the human brain.It plays a role in tasks such as object detection, image classification, and facial recognition. Lastly, Reinforcement Learning involves an agent learning to make decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. These concepts and terminologies form the foundation of AI and contribute to its advancements and applications in various domains.
VISIT:https://skillup.online/courses/ai-for-everyone-master-the-basics/
Author Francesca Rossi EN Policy Department C Citizens.docxrock73
Author: Francesca Rossi EN
Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs
European Parliament
PE 571.380
Artificial Intelligence: Potential Benefits and
Ethical Considerations
KEY FINDINGS
The ability of AI systems to transform vast amounts of complex, ambiguous
information into insight has the potential to reveal long-held secrets and help solve
some of the world’s most enduring problems.
However, like all powerful technologies, great care must be taken in its development
and deployment. To reap the societal benefits of AI systems, we will first need to trust
them and make sure that they follow the same ethical principles, moral values,
professional codes, and social norms that we humans would follow in the same
scenario. Research and educational efforts, as well as carefully designed regulations,
must be put in place to achieve this goal.
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is actively engaged, both internally
as well as with its collaborators and competitors, in global discussions about how to
make AI ethical and as beneficial as possible for people as society.
1. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
The term “artificial intelligence” (AI) has been mentioned for the first time in 1956 by John
McCarthy during a conference where several scientists decided to meet to see if machines could
be made intelligent. Since then, AI is usually defined as the capability of a computer
program to perform tasks or reasoning processes that we usually associate to intelligence
in a human being. Often it has to do with the ability to make a good decision even when there
is uncertainty or vagueness, or too much information to handle.
As an example, playing chess well, or some complex card games, is believed to need some
form of intelligence in a human being, as well as choosing the best diagnosis in a difficult
medical case, or creating something new, such as a mathematical theorem or even some form
of art, or even driving a car in the middle of a crowded city.
It is clear that this is a strange definition, because it depends on what we consider being
intelligent in the behaviour of a human being at a certain point in time. If our belief about
human intelligence changes, and we don't believe any longer that a certain task requires
intelligence, then a computer program performing that task is no longer part of AI, it becomes
just another boring computer program.
The term “artificial intelligence” brings to mind to the notion of replacing human intelligence
with something synthetic. At IBM, we prefer the term “augmented intelligence”. This means
that we aim to build systems that enhance and scale human expertise and skills rather than
replacing them. We therefore focus on practical applications of discrete AI capabilities that
assist people in performing well-defined tasks, by exploiting a wide range of AI-based services.
We also use th ...
leewayhertz.com-How to build an AI app.pdfrobertsamuel23
The power and potential of artificial intelligence cannot be overstated. It has transformed
how we interact with technology, from introducing us to robots that can perform tasks
with precision to bringing us to the brink of an era of self-driving vehicles and rockets
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force,
revolutionizing various aspects of our lives. From powering voice assistants in
our smartphones to enabling self-driving cars, AI has become an integral part
of our modern society. This article aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of AI, exploring its origins, key concepts such as machine
learning and neural networks, practical applications in diverse fields, ethical
and legal considerations,
The power and potential of artificial intelligence cannot be overstated. It has transformed how we interact with technology, from introducing us to robots that can perform tasks with precision to bringing us to the brink of an era of self-driving vehicles and rockets. And this is just the beginning. With a staggering 270% growth in business adoption in the past four years, it has been clear that AI is not just a tool for solving mathematical problems but a transformative force that will shape the future of our society and economy.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly common presence in our lives, from robots that can perform tasks with precision to autonomous cars that are changing how we travel. It has become an essential part of everything, from large-scale manufacturing units to the small screens of our smartwatches. Today, companies of all sizes and industries are turning to AI to improve customer satisfaction and boost sales. AI is the next big thing, making its way into the inner workings of Fortune 500 companies to help them automate their business processes. Investing in AI can be beneficial for businesses looking to stay competitive in a fast-paced business world.
What Is Artificial Intelligence,How It Is Used and Its Future.pdfMaazUmar3
What Is Artificial Intelligence,How It Is Used in now days and what is Its Future that help the humans also contain full history of artificial intelligence.
AI Revolution_ How AI is Revolutionizing Technology.pdfJPLoft Solutions
Beyond the technical aspects, the ethical component considers implementing moral principles and designing AI systems in our studies. From healthcare, finance, and cybersecurity, our team will look at how AI changes how we work by enabling unprecedented technological breakthroughs.
This step-by-step guide will show you how to build and use an AI app. Whether you are a researcher, business owner or just curious about AI technology, these instructions will help you navigate the steps of creating an AI system that can transform your industry.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that focuses on solving cognitive programs associated with human intelligence, such as pattern recognition, problem-solving and learning. AI refers to the use of advanced technology, such as robotics, in futuristic scenarios.
Building an AI App: A Comprehensive Guide for BeginnersChristopherTHyatt
"Discover the steps to create your own AI app: Choose a framework, define your app's purpose, collect and prepare data, train the model, integrate a user-friendly interface, and deploy successfully."
This guide demystifies AI and democratizes AI knowledge on how it creates and delivers value. It provides an essential understanding of AI to anyone with varying technical knowledge, curiosity, and interest in the technology.
What is artificial intelligence Definition, top 10 types and examples.pdfAlok Tripathi
What is artificial intelligence?
Although many definitions of artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged over the past few decades, John McCarthy provided the following definition in this 2004 paper (link is located outside ibm.com): MASU. Especially intelligent computer programs. It deals with the same task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not need to be limited to biologically observable methods.
Definition of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the imitation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Typical applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision.
How does artificial intelligence (AI) work?
As the hype around AI grows, vendors are making efforts to promote how AI is used in their products and services. Often, what they call AI is just a component of technologies like machine learning. AI requires specialized hardware and software infrastructure to write and train machine learning algorithms. Although no single programming language is synonymous with AI, Python, R, Java, C++, and Julia have features that are popular among AI developers.
Generally, AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training data, analyzing correlations and patterns in the data, and using these patterns to predict future situations. This way, given examples of text, chatbots can learn to generate authentic-like conversations with people. Image recognition tools can also learn to recognize and describe objects in images by considering millions of examples. New and rapidly advancing generic AI technology allows you to create realistic text, images, music, and other media.
Artificial intelligence programming focuses on cognitive skills such as:
• Learn: This aspect of AI programming focuses on taking data and creating rules to turn it into actionable information. Rules, called algorithms, provide step-by-step instructions for computing devices to accomplish a particular task.
• Logic. This aspect of AI programming focuses on selecting the appropriate algorithm to achieve the desired result.
• Self-correction: This aspect of AI programming is designed to continuously improve the algorithms and provide the most accurate results possible.
• Creativity. This aspect of AI uses neural networks, rule-based systems, statistical methods, and other AI techniques to generate new images, new text, new music, and new ideas.
Differences between AI, machine learning and deep learning
AI, machine learning, and deep learning are common terms in enterprise IT, especially when companies use them interchangeably in marketing materials. But there are differences too. The term AI was coined in the 1950s and refers to the emulation of human intelligence by machines. A constantly changing set of capabilities is incorporated as new technologies are developed. Technologies falling under the umbrella of AI include machine learning and deep lea
JyotPrakash Gugnani, Student of sem 2 from department of journalism and mass communication, JIMS Vasant Kunj II talk about Areas of Artificial Intelligence. Have a Look!! For more updates: visit: jimssouthdelhi.com
Top And Best Digital Marketing Agency With AIamdigitalmark15
Elevate your brand with Digitalaanmo, the top agency for the best and affordable digital marketing services. Unleash success with our expert agency solutions
Similar to Running Head ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMSArtifici (20)
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the media. What are the implications for the merger or acquisition and plans for implementing the blending firms? Also, evaluate and describe two possible technological innovations that may have led to the merger or acquisition. Would you have obtained this new technology or innovation differently? Why? Include the reference information of the article. Respond substantively to at least two other learners.
.
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a d.docxMalikPinckney86
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a document that you have received (please blot out any sensitive information and names) or a document that you find on the Internet. Discuss how the graphics are misused and what could be done to better them. Address the three “Cs” of technical writing: Clarity, Conciseness, and Correctness. Add one or two personal experiences with this topic.
.
Find a scholarly research study from the Ashford University Library .docxMalikPinckney86
Find a scholarly research study from the Ashford University Library that uses measurement scales for data collection (e.g., a survey). Explain the measurement scales that the study used, and evaluate them. Did you think the researchers made good decisions about the scales? Why or why not? Cite the study in your post, and document it in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center
.
Find a work of visual art, architecture, or literature from either A.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a work of visual art, architecture, or literature from either Ancient Greece or Rome that appeals to you. Ensure that your choice was created in the time frames identified here. It should not simply be a depiction of something in this time period.
In your initial post, describe where you can see the influence of your work of art in modern and contemporary times. What elements (its style, ideas, purpose, principles) can we see reflected in the world today, in art or in other areas, including government, philosophy, social structure, and entertainment?
.
Find a real-life” example of one of the following institutions. Exa.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a “real-life” example of one of the following institutions. Examples can be found in every state. A simple search for “Department of Corrections” is a good place to start.
Medium-Security Adult Male Institution
Regional Parole and Probation Office Team
Correctional Training Academy Team
Juvenile Justice Male Correctional Institution
Community Correctional Institution
Supermax Correctional Institution
Correctional Education Program of a State Correctional System
Correctional Mental Health Program of a State Correctional System
Medium/Minimum-Security Adult Female Institution
Large County Detention Center (County Jail)
Introduce your institution by identifying the following:
1) Name
2) Mission statement (if published)
3) Population served (number and demographics)
4) Examples of programs offered
5) Number of uniformed personnel and other staff members
Then develop a strategic plan considering the major themes of
Communication; Coordination (formal channels); and Cooperation (informal):
Include in your plan the following:
1) Four (4) organizational objectives (these can be future goals over a 1, 5, or 10-year period)
2) Strategies to address each of the objectives
3) At least 1 employee
or
inmate program that helps to achieve each objective
4) A method for assessing success for each objective
The final work product can include photographs, charts, graphics, or any other appropriate elements to enhance the effectiveness of your presentation
.
Find a listing of expenses by diagnosis or by procedure. The source .docxMalikPinckney86
Find a listing of expenses by diagnosis or by procedure. The source of the list can be internal (within a health care facility of some type) or external (such as a published article, report, or survey). Comment upon whether you believe the expense grouping used is appropriate. Would you have grouped the expenses in another way?
.
Financial Reporting Problem and spreedsheet exercise.This is an.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Reporting Problem and spreedsheet exercise.
This is an comanding assignment. I am willing to pay good money because I need this assignment to be done correctly and on time. Please review the assignment before sending me an handshake.
**Serious inquires only***
Please see attachment for the assignment.
.
Find a Cybersecurity-related current event that happned THIS WEEK, a.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a Cybersecurity-related current event that happned THIS WEEK, activity, or development in the news. In your discussion post, briefly summarize the event and reflect on its significance. You should use any legitimate news source (television, internet, periodicals, etc.) to support your topical input.
Questions to address might include:
How does the event relate to issues addressed in class?
How might similar situations be mitigated?
What is the broader impact of the event (e.g., nationally, globally, etc.)
Include a link to the story or a citation so that others may read the story.
.
Financing Health Care in a Time of Insurance Restructuring Pleas.docxMalikPinckney86
"
Financing Health Care in a Time of Insurance Restructuring" Please respond to the following:
Analyze the impact of the ACA on changes to health care insurance and coverage. Investigate the major implications of the legislation on the manner in which institutions now provide health care in the U.S.
(NO MORE THAN 200 WORDS ALLOWED)
.
Financing International Trade Please respond to the followingCom.docxMalikPinckney86
Financing International Trade" Please respond to the following:
Compare two (2) methods that a company can use in order to finance international trade. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of financing with a portfolio of currencies. Provide two (2) examples of how companies or MNCs finance international transactions by using their own
bank
” or by keeping currencies on hand (marketable securities).
Analyze Interest Rate Parity (IRP) and two (2) methods for forecasting exchange rates. Determine the primary manner in which they all affect a company’s short-term financing decision. Support your response with one (1) example of the manner in which IRP and forecasting exchange rates methods affect a company’s short-term financing decision.
.
Financial Statement Analysis and DisclosuresDiscuss the import.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Statement Analysis and Disclosures
Discuss the importance of financial statement analysis, and determine why it is important to investors and creditors.
Imagine you are considering investing in a corporation.
Suggest what key information you would look for in a company’s financial statements, and explain why this information is important to you.
From the e-Activity, highlight the main elements that primary disclosure accounting policies encompass, and provide at least two (2) examples of the most commonly required disclosures.
Give your opinion on the way in which the disclosures you identified are important to financial statement users.
Provide a rationale for your opinion.
e-Activity
Go to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Website to review authoritative guidance on “accounting policy disclosures”, located at
http://www.ifrs.org
in the search engine type in “accounting policy disclosures”.
Be prepared to discuss.
.
Financial Ratios what are the limitations of financial ratios .docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Ratios
what are the limitations of financial ratios? Classify your answer into at least the following categories: liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios, and profitability ratios.
Financial Analysis
R.E.C. Inc.’s staff of accountants finished preparing the financial statements for 2010 and will meet next week with the company’s CEO as well as the Director of Investor Relations and representatives from the marketing and art departments to design the current year’s annual report. Write a paragraph in which you present the main idea(s) you think the company should present to shareholders in the annual report. Why do you think those ideas should be included?
.
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm i.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm in the future. The dollars used for investment expenditures made today are different from the cash flows to be realized in the future. What are these differences? What are some of the techniques that can be used to adjust for these differences?
.
Financial Laws and RegulationsComplete an APA formatted 2 page pap.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Laws and Regulations
Complete an APA formatted 2 page paper (not including the title and reference pages) answering the following questions:
What are five elements pertaining to the establishment of a false claim under the False Claims Act?
HIPAA privacy standards were designed to accomplish what three broad objectives? Explain each.
Stark II laws prohibit physician referrals to entities in which the physician has a financial relationship. What are 10 specific designated health services (DHS) for which referrals by physicians who have financial relationships with the entity providing the DHS are prohibited?
Discuss the following:
Qui tam
HIPAA Privacy Rule
EMTALA
Compliance programs
.
Financial Management DiscussionWhen reviewing the financial st.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Management Discussion
When reviewing the financial statements of a company, there are many different ratios to choose from. Choose a ratio that looks at liquidity, solvency and profitability and discuss its importance.
75- 150 words required.
.
Final Written Art Project (500 words) carefully and creatively wri.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Written Art Project (500 words) carefully and creatively written words and sentences. Artist Statement (250 words)
WRITTEN ART PROJECT
Create a disjunctive or non-narrative piece
that engages all three aspects of reality that we have been discussing throughout the quarter: 1) larger political, social, and economic realities 2) personal or human dramatic situation and 3) detritus of existence. Make sure each of these are well represented and that they do not merely serve as a backdrop or props for other parts of your piece. In other words, make sure each of these aspects of reality is given its due as determining of your or others reality.
Possible Strategies and Advice:
Switch between first and third person perspectives. Make use of actual seeings—what you see. Describe and only occasionally explain or meditate. Meditate a great deal but be sure you are specific . Enact and don’t preach.
Create a concept (a title for your piece) that gives the reader a sense of the intent of your work.
This concept should serve to suggest complementary or conflictual relations between the different parts of your piece. Ultimately in placing all your parts together, in proximity to one another, you want the “whole” to be greater than the sum of the parts.
ARTIST STATEMENT
Please describe the intent of your piece and how you think its disjunctive form allows you to create a sense of reality that you wish to create. Please consider key words and concepts from the module syllabus as well as the ideas that have emerged from course discussions and thought challenges. You might also find these artist’s statements of use:
Chekov
Remove everything that has no relevance to the story. If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If it’s not going to be fired, it shouldn’t be hanging there.
Marguerite Duras
Sometimes I realize that if writing isn’t, all things, all contraries confounded, a quest for vanity and void, it’s nothing. (
The Lover,
8)
Leslie Scalapino
I intended this writing to be the repetition of historically real events the writing of which punches a hole in reality. . . . There was when writing the work something else going interiorily besides what’s going on in segments.
.
Final Research Paper Research the responsibility of a critical t.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Research Paper
Research the responsibility of a critical thinker in a contemporary society. You may choose any topic that deals with a contemporary social concern. Examine the principles of critical thought in relation to the chosen societal concern, and consider the importance of ethics, moral reasoning, a research-based process to search for truth, and the advantages of information technology in gathering data.
Potential social concerns include, but are not limited to health (e.g., obesity, smoking, or underage drinking), poverty (e.g., homelessness, basic needs, or transportation issues), family relations and dynamics (e.g., teen violence, physical abuse, depression, or suicide), social media (e.g., privacy), immigration (e.g., illegal), and education (e.g., plagiarism and/or cheating).
.
Financial management homeworkUnit III Financial Planning, .docxMalikPinckney86
Financial management homework
Unit III
Financial Planning, the Financial System and Governance
Review:
Learning Activities (Non-Graded):
See Study Guide
Read:
Chapter 4:
Financial Planning
Chapter 5:
The Financial System, Corporate Governance, Interest, and the Financial Crisis of 2008
Submit:
.
Final ProjectThe Final Project should demonstrate an understanding.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Project
The Final Project should demonstrate an understanding of the reading assignments, class discussions, your own research and the application of new knowledge. It should utilize previous skills developed in foundational health care courses and apply them within the context and viewpoint of a health care administrator and their role in managing health and human services.
For the Final Project, select one of the following topics and conduct scholarly and professional research while integrating the course’s learning outcomes to address a selected topic:
Research specific leadership and management traits and theories necessary for managing a multidisciplinary and multicultural health care organization to promote organizational effectiveness.
Present how strategic planning, performance improvement, and information systems are interrelated and fundamental to the delivery of quality health care.
Examine the financial characteristics of health care delivery along with managing costs, revenues, and human resources.
Analyze ethical and legal concepts, including specific federal regulations, required of health care organizations to ensure the delivery of high quality health care that protects patient safety.
Research Requirements
Academic research and papers must meet certain standards of quality that are recognized by the academic community. What constitutes quality academic research?
The use of primary (original), credible sources written by experts in the field of study.
Ensuring secondary sources are supported by research in primary sources.
Making sure all research is relevant and that material used is pertinent to the area of study.
In graduate work, the use of peer-reviewed journal articles (journal articles reviewed by recognized experts in the relevant field of study) is required.
Keep in mind that educational websites may be appropriate, in some cases, but should be evaluated carefully.
The Ashford University Library offers many excellent databases and other resources to assist you in conducting scholarly research.
What sources are not acceptable for academic research and referencing?
Encyclopedias
Dictionaries
Wikipedia, other wikis, or blogs
Websites and other sources that do not provide quality researched materials (e.g., they do not use credible sources to support the information in the document).
All research must reflect professional academic protocol and must be documented according to APA standards as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Creating the Final Project
You may choose to present your research is the form of an eight- to ten-page research paper (excluding title and reference pages) or a comprehensive 10- to 15-slide PowerPoint presentation (excluding title and reference slides) with detailed speaker notes. In either case, the content of the assignment must include each of the elements listed below:
Introduction
Describe the issue. Include why it was selected, the perspective of your appr.
Final ProjectImagine that you work for a health department and hav.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Project
Imagine that you work for a health department and have been asked to make a presentation to a group of health care professionals on the role and responsibilities of community and public health.
After reviewing the materials throughout the course and based on what you have learned, create a PowerPoint presentation of at least six slides that covers the following topics:
Describe the role of community and public health in the well-being of populations.
Describe the public health organizational structure.
Examine the legal and ethical dimensions of public and community health services.
Analyze funding of public and community health services.
Discuss the role of communication in community and public health programs.
Creating the Final Project
The Final Project:
Must be created using a screencast program such as Jing, Screencast-O-Matic, Screenr, or other audio/video program.
Must be a minimum of six PowerPoint slides in length (excluding title and reference slide), and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title slide with the following:
Title of presentation
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must include a succinct thesis that is presented on the opening slide.
Must address the topics with critical thought.
Must use at least four scholarly sources (not including the course text), including a minimum of two from academic journals found in the Ashford University Library. Other sources should be obtained from appropriate epidemiological information.
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference slide, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Running Head ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMSArtifici
1. Running Head: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT
SYSTEMS
Artificial Intelligence and Expert System
Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems
ABSTRACT:
· What is artificial intelligence?
· Characteristics of AI
· The field of AI
· How the AI field evolved
· What is Expert System?
KEYWORDS:
· Artificial intelligence Technology
· International Technology Transfers
· Expert Systems
· Applied Artificial Intelligence Human Experts
INTRODUCTION:
· AI to Predict and Adapt
· Making Decisions
· Continuous Learning
· Capability of Motion and Perception
OVERVIEW OF APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
· Natural language processing
· Robotics
· Computer vision
· Speech Recognition
· Machine learning
2. EXPERIMENT:
APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS:
· Troubleshooting and Diagnosis
· Financial decision making
· Knowledge Publishing
· Design and Manufacturing
EXPERT SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION:
BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF AI ALONG WITH
EXPERT SYSTEMS:
LIMITATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS:
NEURAL NETWORKING:
· Artificial neural networking
· Training Data
3. Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Sapana Dahal
CSCI 303
Texas A& M University Commerce
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the current technological crazed
world has been on the center stage. AI has commendable gained
notable popularity and visibility that is very string in the public
domain, business community, Educations and various other
special fields. Now the most successful business in the world
have not hesitated to fully take advantage of AI to better their
products, through presented AI to the consumer in a cheaper
state. This is the example Amazon Alexa AI, Apples Siri AI and
Microsoft’s Cortana (Kaplan & Haenlein 2019). These are
aperfect example of the use of AI to make things easier for the
consumer, all these considered to be “personal assistants.
4. Expert Systems (ES) on the other hand are a dominant filed in
AI, basically the largest field in AI currently, this is because it
offers scientific, commercial and military application of AI.
This paper is aimed at looking at and explaining the AI concepts
and ES applications that have been able to make the life of
every individual in different field easier. Like ROSS the Ai
attorney, or the Dendral expert system in medicine. The
Implementation of AI technology cannot be ignored in our daily
lives cannot be ignored because of the impact that such a
technology is bringing to our world. Never have machines been
able to mimic the human brain and be able to tackles decision
making or problem-solving instance as better or just as the
human brain. These aspects have caused a major quagmire of
mixed feelings. Mainly because the AI and ESs will make our
lives easier bhut at the same time it will step in the place of
human experts that will mean they will be replaced. The paper
clearly discusses on this fact on how the ESs and Ai are not
here to replace the Human experts, especially the white-collar
jobs but only to make their task much easier.
KEYWORDS
Artificial Intelligence Technology, International Technology
Transfers, Experts Systems, Applied Artificial Intelligence
Human Experts.
INTRODUCTION
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be described as the creation or
5. the simulation of human intelligence into machines with the aim
of mimicking the actions and thinking like human beings. The
term is broad as it can eb associated with any machine that is
able to display various human thinking traits like problem-
solving and learning. In the current world or the world to come
artificial intelligence will be the most used or preferred
technology as it will make the work easier or rather replace
human beings in tasks that are hard to be completed by human
beings the ideal characteristic of artificial intelligence is taking
actions and at the same rationalization with the aim of
completing a specific goal (Upadhyay & Khandelwal, 2019).
The most perceived idea about artificial intelligence is robots,
the immediate thing that comes to mind when someone mentions
the term artificial intelligence. This is through the novel and the
movies that weave stories depicting AI machines that bring
havoc to the world. But it might not be far from the truth, the
most important aspect to understand is that AI is continuously
developing into new and better versions on a daily basis; with
machines build withing various fields like; psychology,
linguistics, mathematics, computer science and more with the
aim of solving issues in these fields better than human beings.
There are many merits of AI, it is because as a simulation of the
human thinking it is developing and growing every day. These
merits clearly represent the AI and the include: AI can adapt
and predict. The use of algorithms has enabled AI to predict and
adapt, whereby patterns of past data are used for future
prediction and decision making. These patterns give AI the
ability to learn like human beings and put through software
systems that can be used to correct errors or predicting what is
going to be typed and estimation shortest routes to take
(Kietzmann & Pitt, 2019). These are some of the abilities under
this characteristic. AI simulates human intelligence, and
therefore every aspect the human intelligence has is mimicked
like for instance the ability to analyze data, make decisions and
gain new insights to make the best decisions, faster than human
counterparts. Which makes it preferred to human labor by most
6. companies. AI is also known as machine learning, meaning it
can continually learn through of the most notable method know
as deep learning used by Alexa, Siri, Netflix and Google.
Whereby analytical models are built to perform tasks through
countless trial and error. AI is reactive meaning that atypical AI
will perceive a problem and develop a better solution for it; like
the application on our gadgets predict on our actions and
provide recommendations that suit the user. Finally, the rother
major characteristic is the capability of motion and perception
since the development of AI in the last 50 years ago, AI has
evolved into this phenomenon that is able to have auditory,
visual, speech perception and information learning and
processing that is perceptual. Whereby the goof examples
include: Amazon Alexa, Apple’s Siri and the Tesla’s Self
driving Cars.
The first practical application of AI was developed by the
British Mathematician Alan Turing, who was responsible for
conceptualizing machines that had the ability to think in the
1950s. at this point the seeds of AI were set and it picked up
from this moments, whereby followed by an AI lab that was
setup in Massachusetts in the year 1959 by Marvin Minsky
(Garnham 2017). Through this lab their collaboration with
Stanley Kubrick who received radical ideas from Marvin who
developed various literature and movies relating to AI the AI
excitement was further catapulted by the Invention of the
computer in the 1980s (Garnham 2017). whereby this opened
way for the tech corporations who have explored various fields
of AI that are used to bring technology close to the consumer
through affordability and through the various applications.
Today AI is every way, in smartphones, traffic routes, Netflix,
Amazon and Apples and the other various corporations or fields
embracing AI. AI has transformed and is continuing to
transform how things work in the world, through the basics of
machine learning that are instrumental in various instances:
such as advertisement that are based on machine learning
focusing on the data inputs that are received from different
7. channels. But this can be considered as the beginning of AI take
over, the future is envisioned as an economy and industry that is
robot driven. A lot of companies are looking into self-driven
cars, which basically will change the basic characteristics of
private and public transport. Additionally, AI has played an
important part in the management and security sector, through
the analysis of anomalous data patterns. A good example is the
chatbot which is an AI application that is increasingly used by
companies replacing regular customer service agents, which are
not as effective as human. Although creates an all-round
customer engagement through machine learning. Whereby a
good example is the trials of AI genoming, proving that humans
and machines will come to works side by side, and it will be
considered normal as it is growing form the various efforts put
in place at the moment. The future of AI is very clear, looking
at how it has evolved to this moment; although there are various
challenges in the widespread adoption, the world has
overlooked over the advantages that AI brings to the world and
making work much easier, but also ensuring that AI is managed
effectively. There is an increased risk which will affect the
development of AI as it majorly depends on Data, and it will be
challenging as it will cause social unrest and ensure human jobs
are redundant. Whereby it is the responsibility of people
pushing AI to makes sure there is a good balance between the
positives and the negatives of AI which will not destroy but
bring a Positive AI revolution in the Future (Pauschunder
2019).
Experts systems can be described as programs that rely on AI,
in other words these two are tied. There is no way to discuss AI
and without mentioning Expert systems, and vice versa. Experts
systems can use AI to simulate behavior and judgement of an
organization or human that has expert knowledge of a field.
Basically, an expert system brings together an interface of rules
known as engine and accumulated experience known as
knowledge base (Andikos et al. 2016). Whereby the rules engine
applies knowledge based to each situation that is spelled out in
8. the program. The capabilities of the system can be improved
with various addition to the set of rules or the knowledge base.
Current expert systems are typically equipped with capabilities
of machine learning which makes it easy for them to perform
better as humans through learning from experience. Developed
in the 1970s the expert systems have been significant in many
industries like telecommunications, financial, customer
services, healthcare, video games, transportation,
manufacturing, written communication and aviation. A good
example of an expert system was the groundbreaking medical
system which helped in the diagnosis. Deandra Expert System
assisted chemists to understand organic molecules that led to
the easy identification of various bacteria such as the meningitis
and bacteremia and recommend the nest dosage and antibiotics
(Tan 2017).
The expert systems therefore are useful in the current
technological world in the sense that it can eb used to resolve a
lot of issues, that would generally require human expertise.
Interestingly enough AI and expert systems can eb sued to
reason and expression in different domains of knowledge.
Basically, it is safe to say that expert systems are the
predecessors of the modern-day AI, machine learning and deep
learning systems. There are different examples of Expert
systems: MYCIN, tis was developed earlier in the medical field
and it was designed around backward chaining, that gave it the
ability to identify various bacteria that could cause infections
and at the same time recommend drugs to patients. Similar
systems are DENDRAL in the chemical engineering field,
PXDES in the medical systems specifically for lung cancer and
CaDet, in the medical filed for cancer identification. These
systems are in every filed even the legal system, which will
revolutionize labor in the world as it was previously identified.
APPLICATIONS
Overview of Applied Artificial Intelligence
AI is rapidly growing and soon enough it will be covering
9. almost all areas of the world, whereby it is quickly moving from
the lad to the consumer and business applications (Bravo et al.
2016). The result creates a significant on how software is built
now as compared to previous versions. Now applied AI is one of
the powerful technologies powering the most successful
business currently, Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon.
There are a few areas where AI has been applied which are:
Natural Language Processing (NLP) a branch of AI that mainly
deals with interactions between humans and computers using the
natural language, with the aim of reading, deciphering,
understanding and making sense of human language in a way
that is valuable. Robotics, AI in this field helps in saving
certain motions in the systems of robotics, these motions are
constantly refined that makes moving and installing robotic
systems easy to achieve; the result is robots being used in the
customer service sector globally. Machine Learning, as
mentioned before it is the way in machines learn new concepts
on its own without explicit programming, which is an applied
AI that enables automatic improvement and learning form
experience. These are some of the Application of AI in addition
to more others like Speech recognition and computer vision
(Hengstler et al. 2016).
Capabilities of Expert Systems
In AI, expert systems emulate the decision-making ability of
humans to solve various issues which is just a simple
description. Experts systems are built to have knowledge to one
domain like, engineering, science and medicine. This knowledge
as mentioned before is known as a knowledge base and has
gathered experiences that are tested after being loaded in the
system. The rules and adds-on to the knowledge base maybe add
to give the expert systems to create a better system. The system
is described as reliable, highly responsive, understandable and
high performance. Expert system typically will come into the
world to replace the individuals in the white collar and
analytical jobs. Because expert systems are excellent in pattern
matching, configuration, classification, reasoning, planning and
10. diagnosis (Bogdanova et al. 2016).
The Inference engine is the basis for the capabilities of ESs. To
have a solution the Inference engine manipulates the knowledge
that as acquired.
For instance; when an Expert system is rule-based in AI, there
is the need to add knowledge if require, the rules obtained from
earlier application need to be applied to the facts and this will
resolve rules conflict, especially when multiple rules are
presented in an instance. The following strategies are used to
recommend a solution, the forward chaining and the backwards
chaining.
Forward chaining: this is a strategy used by an Experts System.
This strategy helps to answer the question what happens next.
Basically, the chain of derivations and conditions are followed
in this strategy and at the same time reduce the outcome. All the
rules and facts are considered and are sorted before the
conclusion is made to recommend a solution. A good example is
predicting the share market status, based on the change in
interest rates.
Table 1. Prediction of share market status as an effect of
changes in interest rates.
Image Source: Data Flair Team (Data Flair, 2018)
Backward Chaining: This strategy is sued by the Expert System
to answer the question “why this happened?” normally in this
case what had already happened will be very significant matter
to the organization or the individual. Therefore, this strategy
will focus on finding out the conditions that led to the particular
outcome in place in the pat to have this result. Therefore, is a
strategy that finds reason or cause. For example, human blood
cancer.
Table 2. Diagnosis of blood cancer in humans.
11. Image source: Data Flair Team (Data Flair, 2018)
Applications of Expert Systems
There are various application of Expert Systems, but the most
important things to consider when choosing and Expert System
ES is that the tool that has been chosen needs to match the
qualification the project team possess, and the tool selected for
the projected has to go hand in hand with the sophistication and
capability of the projected ES. The first application is the
troubleshooting and diagnosis of Devices of all kinds, basically
discovering faults and suggest remedies for these faults for a
device or process that is malfunctioning. A good example is
medical diagnosis the first ever application of ES. Planning and
Scheduling, systems in this case analyses interacting and
potentially complex goals and determine set of actions that can
be sued to achieve the same goals. At the same temporal
ordering of the actions can be initiated with the ES considering
material, account personnel and various constraints. Financial
Decisions Making, the financial service industry has a commo n
use of ES techniques some programs have been created for the
sole reason of advising bankers to whether give loans to
individuals and businesses (Wagner 2017). Knowledge
Publishing, this is a new application that has not been there for
some years but potentially an area that is rapidly growing. The
main function of the ES in this case is deliver relevant
knowledge to the problems the user presented. A good example
of ES in this sector is the advisor that guides the user on the use
of grammar in a text and an ES that guides the user on
individual tax policy and tax strategy, whereby the ES is known
as the tax advisor. Process Monitoring and Control, ES in this
application analyze real-time data obtained from physical
devices with the objective of predicting trends, establishing
anomalies, controlling failure correction and optimality. Design
and Manufacturing, Expert Systems in falling field assist in the
design of physical processes and devices. Which can be factory
floor configuration of processes in manufacturing or can be
level conceptual design of entities considered to be abstract.
12. Development of AI and Expert Systems
Experts Systems ES have been identified to be systems that
utilize AI to provide decisions making and problem techniques
that as close as to human intelligence working. Which means
that ES really needs Ai to function but at the same time it is an
independent entity on its own. As mentioned before expert
systems are hand in hand, AI as one grows the other follows the
pattern. As AI is taking over the world, ES follows the same
path are they are being deployed and developed in a various part
of the world in applications considered to be myriad. This is
because of the explanation capabilities and symbolic reasoning
of the ES. A good example is the recently developed Expert
System known as ROSS, which is an attorney AI that is built
under the principles of pattern recognition, deep learning, self-
learning systems and natural language processing that utilizes
data mining and at the same copy the working of the human
brain (Semmler & Rose, 2017). Whereby this qualifies to be an
exciting development yet controversial. It may not be in every
enterprise, but the development of AI and Experts Systems has
taken over the world.
EXPERT SYSTEMS (ESs) IN ORGANIZATION
ES provide both important and tangible value to various
organizations. As mentioned before, the most successful
business in the world have benefitted from the use AI and
Experts systems majorly through introducing them to their
consumers. The benefits should be measured against the
exploitation and development costs of an ES, that are basically
very expensive especially for ESs that are considered to
organizationally important and large (Masuch 2018). At this
moment it seems that Experts systems are the substitution for an
individual’s work but that is not the case as the ES can
substitute overall performance for a knowledge worker or the
white-collar jobs, mainly in analytics and problem-solving
tasks. But this is not true, yes, the systems can significantly
reduce the individual’s work dramatically required for the
knowledge worker to solve the problem but leave the innovative
13. and creative aspect of problem solving to the people. Basically,
ESs are tools that are developed to make work easier. The issue
is that it will reduce the work that two people would have
performed to be performed by one person, which is good for the
company, but it will create societal unrest of unemployment.
Therefore, looking at the benefits and limitation will help in
establishing where the ESs stand in organizations.
Benefits of AI along with Expert Systems
· The benefits of ESs are straight forward and are used to
reduce the tine taken, workload or resources used to complete a
task. This is only possible when AI is incorporated to the ESs.
The benefits include:
· Es are designed to be able to complete task presented to them
faster than how long a human expert would take in the same
task.
· The systems that are successful presents a low error rate,
whereby at times the error rate is much lower than when a
human expert is performing the same task.
· At the same when the ESs are given task, or problems to solve
they will come up with various recommendations, which is only
possible to a human expert who has experience in the field.
· At some point there is the need for difficult-to-use sources of
knowledge in an application, ESs are used and turn out to be
convenient to make sure bring9ng the application to this point.
· ESs are instrumental because through machine they can eb
able to capture scarce expertise, maybe there is only a few
experts in a field, let’s say finance who are the only ones who
can perform the specific task. Through Experience the uniquely
qualified expert can be accurately mimicked by ESs.
· Currently ES are known used differently, basically
organizations know use ESs to build up organizational
knowledge, as compared to the organization’s knowledge of
individuals.
· For novices, wen training vehicles are used ESs produce
higher and faster learning curves.
14. · Finally, a point that will change the current narrative that
taints ESs existence is that, organizations can utilize AI and
ESs in environments that are hazardous for regular Human
Experts. A good example can be the exploration of Mars; the
planet is not safe for human habitation but AI and ESs can be
used to come up a better environment that will pave way for
human experts.
Limitation of Expert Systems
Given the various advantages or benefits that the ESs present,
the human expert remains the most intelligent and efficient
system on the planet. This is because there is no total and easy
solution that technology can offer. ESs are large, take a lot of
time to develop, need a lot of computer resources and overall,
very costly. This makes ESs have their own limitations which
are:
· Technological limitations, such as the dependence on data.
· There are also issues with the acquisition of knowledge.
· The principle area of ES application is operational domains.
· Affect the maintenance of Human Expertise in an
organization, whereby it is important as ESs are not 100%
reliable at some point they will need upgrading or break down.
· Expert systems also do not have common sense to apply when
making a decision. Takin for an example; an expert system in
the Judiciary or any legal enterprise, in such a field most
decisions are based on common sense something that will not be
possible.
· The expert systems will require upgrades just any other
computer systems, meaning it lacks the ability to adapt to
changing environments.
· The Expert systems cannot explain the reasoning and logic
behind a decision made.
NEURAL NETWORKING
Neural Networks are described as computer systems that are
modelled on the brain of a human being. These systems look
like interconnected mesh network of processing elements known
15. as neurons. The neural network has around 100 billion neuron
brain cells making them simpler that the brain (Shakya et al.
2018). However, just as the brain, these networks can process
various information pieces at the same time and learn how to
understand patterns and program to resolve problems
independently. A neural network “is an array of interconnected
processing elements, each of which can accept inputs, process
them, and produce a single output with the objective of
imitating the operation of the human brain.” Information or
knowledge that is given out in a neural network in form of
pattern connections that is within the elements of processing
and through the adjustment of the weights of the same
connections. Therefore, the neural networks get strength from
applications that need sophisticated recognition of patterns. The
weakness of neural networks is that they do not sugar coat an
explanation to the conclusion or answers they give out.
But what has not yet been mentioned is that Deep Learning is
the name of this new approach that involves neural networks.
This approach in artificial intelligence has been there more than
70 years as they were first developed by Walter Pitts and
Warren McCullough in 1944 by these two University of Chicago
researcher who later transferred to MIT in 1952. These are the
founding members of neural networking or alternatively
identified as the first cognitive science department (Pospichal &
Kvasnicka, 2015). In both neuroscience and computer science
neural network was a major filed of research. Therefore, the
ability of google to have applications such as the speech
recognizers, google translator on smartphones have only
resulted from this technique known as the “deep learning,” that
will be further discussed below.
In other words, it is seen that artificial neural networks use
various layers of mathematical processing to make sense of
what information is needed to be fed. Furthermore, an artificial
neural network has millions of artificial neurons which are
known as units. These are arranged in a series of layers
(Mohapatra, Dandapat, & Thatoi, 2017). With the development
16. of the brain, various cognitive neuroscientists have learned
about the effective functioning of the human brain. It is seen
that the human brain is responsible for processing different
aspects of information and these aspects are arranged in an
order that shows hierarchy.
This means that input comes from the brain and each neuron
level provides and insight on the information which gets passed
on to the next complex level. This is the mechanism that
artificial neural systems try to develop and replicate. In
addition, it is seen that artificial neural systems need a huge
amount of data for them to learn. This information needed is
referred to as training data. In the event the training data has
reached a significant amount, it will then classify future
information based on what it sees through different units
(Prakashkumar, Murugan, Thiagarajan, Krishnaveni, & Babby,
2019). There are different uses of artificial neural networks.
These are, the network classified information, predict outcomes,
and clusters data. For example, it is seen that Google used a
neural network (30 layered) to power Google Photo. On the
other hand, Facebook also uses this aspect for DeepFace
algorithm. This is important in that it can give 97% accuracy.
Additionally, Skype’s ability to translate information in real
time is associated to the effectiveness of artificial neural
network.
REFERENCES
Andikos, A. F., Ali, G., & Purnomo, W. A. (2016). Expert
System for Decision Support Division of Inheritance According
to Islamic Law. IAES International Journal of Artificial
Intelligent (IJAI), 5(3), 89-94.
Bravo Serrano, À., Li, T. S., Su, A. I., Good, B. M., & Furl ong,
L. I. (2016). Combining machine learning, crowdsourcing and
expert knowledge to detect chemical-induced diseases in text.
Bogdanova, Y. A., Zaripova, G. R., Kataev, V. A., & Galimov,
O. V. (2016). CAPABILITIES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS IN
17. FORECASTING OPERATIONAL RISK FOR THE MOST
COMMON INTERVENTIONS OF ABDOMINAL
SURGERY. YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL, (4), 54-58.
Bhosale, A., & Konnur, B. A. (2019). Use of Artificial Neural
Network in Construction Management.
Garnham, A. (2017). Artificial intelligence: An introduction.
Routledge.
Puaschunder, J. M. (2019). Artificial Intelligence evolution: On
the virtue of killing in the artificial age. Scientia Moralitas-
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(1), 51-72.
Hengstler, M., Enkel, E., & Duelli, S. (2016). Applied artificial
intelligence and trust—The case of autonomous vehicles and
medical assistance devices. Technological Forecasting and
Social Change, 105, 105-120.
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, in my hand:
Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations,
illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business
Horizons, 62(1), 15-25.
Kietzmann, J., & Pitt, L. F. (2019). Artificial intelligence and
machine learning: What managers need to know.
Li, H., Zhang, Z., & Liu, Z. (2017). Application of artificial
neural networks for catalysis: a review. Catalysts, 7(10), 306.
Masuch, M. (Ed.). (2018). Organization, management, and
expert systems: models of automated reasoning (Vol. 23).
Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Mesbah, N., Tauchert, C., Olt, C. M., & Buxmann, P. (2019).
Promoting Trust in AI-based Expert Systems.
Mettleq, A., Soliman, A., & Abu-Naser, S. S. (2019). A Rule
Based System for the Diagnosis of Coffee
Diseases. International Journal of Academic Information
Systems Research (IJAISR), 3(3), 1-8.
Mohapatra, S., Dandapat, S. J., & Thatoi, H. (2017).
Physicochemical characterization, modelling and optimization
of ultrasono-assisted acid pretreatment of two Pennisetum sp.
using Taguchi and artificial neural networking for enhanced
delignification. Journal of Environmental Management, 187,
18. 537-549. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.060
Naveen, G., Naidu, M. A., Rao, B. T., & Radha, K. (2019). A
Comparative Study on Artificial Intelligence and Expert
Systems.
Pospíchal, J., & Kvasnička, V. (2015). 70th anniversary of
publication: Warren mcculloch & walter pitts-a logical calculus
of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. In Emergent Trends
in Robotics and Intelligent Systems (pp. 1-10). Springer, Cham.
Prakashkumar, S., Murugan, E. M., Thiagarajan, R.,
Krishnaveni, N., & Babby, E. (2019). Analysis of Cryptography
Performance Measures Using Artificial Neural Networking.
Emerging Trends in Computing and Expert Technology, 313-
324. doi:10.1007/978-3030-32150-5_33
Shakya, A., Bhattarai, L., Shahi, S., Kumar, S., & Rao, S.
(2018). Application of Artificial Neural Networking Technique
for the Lifecycle Assessment of Recycled Aggregate Concrete.
Sloman, A. (2019). The computer revolution in philosophy:
Philosophy, science and models of mind. Author.
Semmler, S., & Rose, Z. (2017). Artificial intelligence:
Application today and implications tomorrow. Duke L. & Tech.
Rev., 16, 85.
Tan, H. (2017, September). A brief history and technical review
of the expert system research. In IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 242, No. 1, p. 012111).
IOP Publishing.
Upadhyay, A. K., & Khandelwal, K. (2019). Artificial
intelligence-based training learning from
application. Development and Learning in Organizations: An
International Journal.
Wagner, W. P. (2017). Trends in expert system development: A
longitudinal content analysis of over thirty years of expert
system case studies. Expert systems with applications, 76, 85-
19. 96.
What is Expert System in Artificial Intelligence – How it Solve
Problems by Data flair team, November 15th 2018. Retrieved
from https://data-flair.training/blogs/expert-system/