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1. A
AUTOMATIC HEAD LIGHT INTENSITY CONTROL TO AVOID ACCIDENTS
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• aim
• previous system
• proposed system
• Block diagram
• Individual blocks
• circuit diagram
• Working principle
• Software requirements
• Results
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
• Future scope
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
• The requirement of headlight is very common during
night travel.
• The same headlight which assists the driver for better
vision during night travel is also responsible for many
accidents that are being caused.
• The driver has the control of the headlight which can
be switched from high beam (bright) to low beam
(dim).
• The headlight has to be adjusted according to the light
requirement by the driver

4. Aim:
• To provide solution to accidents happening due to use of
high beam at night times
• The headlight during the night travel plays a major role.
While driving there may be an irritating situation due to the
headlight lamp focus from the opposite vehicle. It may cause
temporary blindness that leads to collision or sometimes it
may lead to accidents

5. PREVIOUS SYSTEM
• More than 30% percent of accidents during
night time happen due to headlight watching.
• Some of the technologies that are used
to control high beam of headlight are LDR
based intensity control, Fuzzy logic based
intensity control, wireless sensor network
method, IR transmitter-receiver method, and
camera based intensity control, pulse width
modulation method.

6. PROPOSED SYSTEM
• Most of the accidents during night occur due to the high
amount of light falling on the vehicle.
• It cause glaring and troxler fading that leads to accident.
• To overcome this problem the intensity of light falling on the
other vehicle should be reduced automatically.
• There is manual adjustment of intensity of light but it is
difficult to adjust manually during some situations.
• To overcome this problem, automatic adjustment of light is
needed which is described in this paper.

7. Proposed system
• LDR is used to measure the amount of
intensity of light falling on the vehicle. When
the LDR detects the large amount of intensity
of light falling on it, the microcontroller
reduces the amount intensity of light in the
vehicle. This gives the clear vision for the
drivers. Thus, it prevents the collision and
accidents before occurring it.

8. BLOCK DIAGRAM
ARDUINO
UNO
LCD
POWER SUPPLY
Ultrasonic sensor
ldr sensor Lights

9. ARDUINO UNO

10. ARDUINO UNO
• The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button.
• It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.

11. POWER SUPPLY
• The power supply is designed to convert high voltage
AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply
for electronic circuits and other devices.
• A power supply can by broken down into a series of
blocks, each of which performs a particular function.
• A D.C. power supply which maintains the output
voltage constant irrespective of a.c mains
fluctuations or load variations is known as
“Regulated D.C Power Supply”

12. LCD
• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials, which
combine the properties of both liquids and crystals.
• Rather than having a melting point, they have a
temperature range within which the molecules are
almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are
grouped together in an ordered form similar to a
crystal.
• This section describes the operation modes of LCD’s
then describe how to program and interface an LCD
to 8051 using Assembly and C.

13. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
• Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle
similar to sonar which evaluates distance
of a target by interpreting the echoes from
ultrasonic sound waves.
• This ultrasonic module measures the
distance accurately which provides 0cm -
400cm with a gross error of 3cm.
• Its compact size, higher range and easy
usability make it a handy sensor for
distance measurement and mapping.

14. LDR SENSOR
• LDR is a sensor that changes its resistance according to the
amount of intensity of light falling on it. Increasing the
intensity of light decreases the resistance and increases the
conductivity of LDR. The output of LDR is an analog output

15. Circuit diagram:

16. Working principle:
• Combination of Ldr and ultrasonic sensor used to
detect when to on low beam and when to off high
beam.
• Ldr sensor checks for darkness and brightness
• Ultrasonic sensor detects objects in opposite directions
• So if darkness and objects is detected low beam will be
turn on
• If darnkness and no object then high beam will be
turned on
• And during day time lights will be turned off

17. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. Arduino sketch
2. Embedded ‘C’
3.Proteus simulation

18. RESULTS
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19. ADVANTAGES
• Auto detection.
• mainly used in high ways
• prevents accidents.
• saves time and life.

20. DISADVANTAGES
• extra load on battery.
• frequent change of light beam intensity will divert
drivers attention

21. APPLICATIONS
• Helpful for any kind of vehciles.
• electric vehicles and petroleum vehicles can be fitted
with this system.

22. CONCLUSION
• This paper presents the automatic headlight dimmer
that uses LDR.
• Here, high beam is automatically switched to low
beam when a high beam of light from the another vehicle
falls on the LDR.
• Glaring of light from the opposite vehicle
during the night travel is one of the major problems.
Though there is a manual method to reduce the headlight
beam, it will be difficult during some situations.

23. FUTURE SCOPE
• GPS can help blind peoples to source & destination
route information.
• GPS can help to find the shortest & best path as
accordingly to Google/ Bing map based on real time
coordinates.
• GSM attachment can help in future for any
immediate causality help.

24. REFERENCES
• [1] M. P. Agrawal and A. R. Gupta, "Smart Stick for the
Blind and Visually Impaired People", Second International
Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational
Technologies (ICICCT), pp. 542545, 2018.
• [2] R. F. Olanrewaju, M. L. A. M. Radzi and M. Rehab,
"iWalk: Intelligent walking stick for visually impaired
subjects", IEEE 4th International Conference on Smart
Instrumentation, Measurement and Application (ICSIMA),
pp. 1-4, 2017.
• [3] K. B. Swain, R. K. Patnaik, S. Pal, R. Rajeswari, A.
Mishra and C. Dash, "Arduino based automated STICK
GUIDE for a visually impaired person", IEEE International.

25. Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for
Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials
(ICSTM), pp. 407410, 2017.
• [4] Nadia Nowshin, Sakib Shadman, Saha Joy, Sarker
Aninda, Islam Md Minhajul, “An Intelligent Walking Stick
for the Visuallypp. 26-33, 2015.
• [5] T.A. Ueda, L.V. de Araujo, "Virtual walking stick: Mobile
application to assist visually impaired people to walking
safely", International Conference on Universal Access in
Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 803-813, 2014

26. THANK YOU