The document outlines various root canal irrigants used in endodontics, specifically their functions, mechanisms, and limitations. Key irrigants like sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and chlorhexidine are highlighted, along with newer options such as HEBP and ozone therapy. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different irrigation techniques and the importance of effective infection control in root canal procedures.

1. Presented by:
Dr Sahana Umesh
Guided by:
Dr Madhu Pujar

13. - Cohen 11th ed

21. - Grossman 14th ed

22. - Castellucci vol 2

23. Root Canal Irrigants : Journal of Endodontics (2006)
Broad
antimicrobial
spectrum
Dissolve necrotic
pulp tissue
remnants
Inactivate
endotoxin
Prevent
formation of
smear layer

24. Most commonly used irrigants
• Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
• Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
• Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX)
Other recently introduced irrigants
• 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) or etidronic acid
• Iodine potassium iodide (IKI)
• Antibiotic-containing irrigants
MTAD
Tetraclean
• QMix
- Grossman 14th ed

25. Effects of mechanical and chemical procedures on root canal surfaces –
Gulabivala et al. – Endodontic Topics (2005)

26. Irrigants
Chemical
agents
Tissue
dissolving
agents
Ex: NaOCl,
ClO2
Antibacterial
agents
Bactericidal
Ex: CHX
Bacteriostatic
Ex: MTAD
Chelating
agents
Mild pH
Ex: HEBP
Strong pH
Ex: EDTA
Natural
agents
Antibacterial
agents
Ex: Green tea,
Triphala
Root canal irrigants: Journal of Conservative Dentistry (2010)

27. IRRIGANTS
Non-
bactericidal
•N.S
•Distilled
water
L.A
Bactericidal
NaOCl
CHX 2%
Iodine soln.
H2O2 3%
Chelators
EDTA 17%
Citric acid 10-
50%
MTAD
Tetraclean
Maleic acid
Herbal
ECA
BDA
PAD
Ozone
Laser
Endodontic irrigants – A review – Journal of Dental & Allied Sciences (2015)

28. Normal Saline

30. Sodium Hypochlorite

46. 1% and 5% NaOCl was used in the study to check for
post operative pain and healing followed up for 1year.

53. Effect of NaOCl treatment on bonding to root canal dentin
using a new evaluation method. Dent Mater J. 2001

54. Bond strengths to endodontically-treated teeth. Am J Dent. 1999

55. International Endodontic Journal 2001

56. A Contemporary Overview of Endodontic Irrigants – A Review
– Journal of Dental Applications 2014

68. The excellent tissue-dissolving capability of sodium
hypochlorite will lead to tissue necrosis.

80. Hydrogen Peroxide

81. Mechanism of action:

85. Complications:
• Peroxide must be eliminated from the canal before the crown
is sealed otherwise oxygen may be evolved afterwards as a
result of contact with blood or tissue fluids

86. IEJ 2000

87. Urea Peroxide

88. EDTA – Ethylene Diamine
Tetra Acetic acid

92. Cervical third Middle third Apical third

101. Hypaque
17%
EDTA
5%
NaOCl

105. Chlorhexidine Digluconate

112. Limitations:
• Inability to dissolve organic matter
• No action on smear layer

113. Hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP)

114. Iodine Potassium Iodide (IKI)

115. Citric Acid

116. Maleic Acid

117. MTAD
Antibiotic
3%
Doxycycline
Detergent
Tween 20
Acid
4.25%
Citric
acid
By Torabinejad et al

119. Tetraclean

121. QMix

122. Triclosan and Gantrez

123. Triphala
Advantages
Easy
Availability
Cost
Effective
Lack of
microbial
resistance
Low
toxicity

124. Green Tea Polyphenols

125. Morinda citrifolia

126. Electrochemically Activated Water

131. Ozone

133. Ozone therapy in endodontics:
• The application of ozone makes the complete sterilization
of the root canal a real possibility in the near future
• Tooth that is to be treated ozonically needs to be built up so
that the clinical crown is restored

134. Inserting the ozone
cannula into the
prepared root canal
Treatment with ozone with a
complete seal

136. Lasers

137. Hollow tube
• CO2
• Er:YAG

141. Photo activated disinfection

144. Canal irrigated with
sterile saline and dried
PAD soln. introduced
into canal
Agitated for 60s using
endodontic file

145. Flexible emitter tip introduced till
resistance
PAD laser activated for 150s at
100mW
Treated in sections by withdrawing
the emitter in 5 mm steps
After treatment, washed with
sterile solution and dried by
aspiration and sterile paper points

146. Bacteria before
photo activated
disinfection
Same bacteria
sample after photo
activated
disinfection process
showing disruption
of membrane

154. Irrigant Agitation Techniques &
Devices

159. Squeezing the plunger with the thumb
may result in more rapid delivery of
irrigant and possible extrusion
Using a forefinger to depress the
plunger gives greater control of
irrigant delivery

162. Disadvantages
Difficult to
reach full
W.L
Might pack
debris in
apical region

166. Ruddle
Brush
• Microbrush attached to a rotary
handpiece
• Has multiple bristles extending
radially from a central wire core
• Rotates at about 300 rpm
• Displaces debris in a coronal
direction
Canal
Brush
• Highly flexible microbrush
• Molded entirely from
polypropylene
• Might be used manually with a
rotary action
• More effective when attached to
contra-angle handpiece running at
600 rpm

185. Scanning electron microscope
photograph of the microcannula