This document discusses using blockchain technology to improve security and transparency in real estate transactions. It begins with an introduction to blockchain and its key characteristics of decentralization, immutability, and auditability. These traits could help reduce costs and improve efficiency in the real estate industry by establishing a secure and permanent record of transactions. The document then reviews related work applying blockchain to real estate and discusses how a blockchain-based system could structure real estate transactions with improved traceability and data integrity. Challenges of early adoption are also noted.

1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Secured Real Estate Transactions using Blockchain Technology
Sabarish Krishna D1, Soumi Aakash V2, Sivaprakash M3, Madhumathi C.S4
1,2,3UG Student, Department of Computer Science, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur,
Coimbatore, India
4Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur,
Coimbatore, India
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Abstract - The Real Estate is facing a lot of problems including the trust issues, the path of how data shared and lot of automatic
process. There are many organization agents, e-commerce websitesandvariousotherchannelsthrough whichpeople cansearcha
property for buying, leasing or putting their own property up for sale. The real estate by name itself has a lack of trust and
transparency in data and record management. The public land title records are maintained in a local space, andthelenders need
to contact the relevant local entities for each title assuranceprocess, hencethemaintenancecostofassetdatafromatransactional
perspective is high and its required to maintain a title and search for public records which contribute to delay and higher costs . A
solution for monitoring and transferring properties in a securewaycan drasticallyreducetitlesearch, examinationtimeandcosts.
Block chain is a decentralized data management and transaction solution, has the potential to address many of the challenges
faced by this industry
Key Words: Blockchain technology, Real Estate, distributed ledger, Transactions, decentralized.
1. INTRODUCTION
After the bitcoin formation has led to lot of attention recently. Block chain serves as a fixed ledger which allows transactions
take place in a decentralized manner. Blockchain-based applications are leaping up, covering number of fields including
financial services, reputation system and Internet of Things (IoT), and so on. However, there square
measure still several challenges of blockchain technology like measurability and security issues waitingtobeovercome.This
paper presents a comprehensive summary on blockchain technology.
We provide a summary of blockchain architecture first and compare some typical agreement algorithms utilized
in completely different blockchains. Furthermore, technical challenges and recent advances are briefly listed. We also
lay out possible future trends for blockchain.
This chain grows as new blocks square measure appended thereto unendingly. Asymmetric cryptography and
distributed agreement algorithms are enforced for user security and ledger consistency.
The blockchain technology usually has key characteristics of decentralization, persistency, anonymity and auditability.
With these traits, blockchain will greatly save the price and improve the potency.
The process of collating data from various disparate repositories to form a property details and ensuring the integrity of data
are key challenges, especially at the manufacturerstage wheredifferent rawdetailsareassimilatedtoformoneproperty.There
is a possibility that data inaccuracies may arise either due to errors or maliciousintent. Althoughtherearetraceabilitysystems
based on centralized repositories, organizational siloing makes the process of tracing provenance information from these
distinct sources tedious and fraught with delays.
Our intention in this research is to present a new way of sharing information and traceability system for the stakeholders
involved in this process based on fundamental properties of distributed ledger technology (Blockchain) [4].
2. BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Blockchain is a data structure formed by blocks linked together in chronological order. Each block consists of a block header
and a block body, which is a collection of industry data such as bitcoin transaction records, smart contract codes, and
agricultural tracing records as in this article, etc. The block header includes the metadata oftheblock.Themostimportant part
includes the timestamp of the block, the hash value of the block, the ID of the block, the ID of the parent block. Existence of the
parent block ID makes all the blocks form a chain structure, as shown inFig.1. Theinsertionofnew blocksisallowedonlyinthe
tail, while the existing blocks are not allowed to be modified, which is a key rule of blockchain.

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Fig -1: Structure of a typical blockchain
2.1 The Blockchain technology layout & its properties
The Blockchain technology allows digital informationtobestored ina distributedsharedledger(distributeddatabase)[8].The
stored information in the blockchain is checked by cryptographic algorithm before grouped to the “blocks” and enter to the
distributed shared ledger [8]. The network consists ofmanynodes,whicharedistributedgeographicallyaroundtheworld,and
their communication is a peer-to-peer mode. Every ode in the network have the same data of blockchain that is automatically
downloaded by using the peer-to-peer synchronization protocols [8]. This lead to unnecessary central authority. All the
participants in the blockchain network rely on the interaction of the nodes in the network instead of central authority [9].
2.2 Related works based on blockchain in Real Estate
Beyond the crypto currencies, the blockchain technology finds its applicationina varietyofsectorsincludinginReal Estateand
Smart contracts. The fastly emerging technology will disrupt many existingtechnologies.OneamongthemisReal Estate.Many
real estate projects are started. Rentberry is a good example for the supply chain project.
3. HYPERLEDGER SAWTOOTH
The Hyperledger project proposesa setofopen-sourceBlockchaintechnologiesfor businessapplications,likeSawtooth,Fabric,
and Iroha [9]. These platforms are designed to be general purpose to accommodate as many use cases as possible, putting
forward and emphasizing different features. None of them is built around a cryptocurrency. Nevertheless, many use cases of
blockchain involve a form of asset/token transfer [9].
4. Secured Real Estate Transaction:
Secured Real Estate Transaction (SRET) blockchain implementers will experience high profile poor implementations at first.
All early adopters have suffered through this painful,yet educational period.Thesefailureswill complicateadoption.The result
of poor implementation leads to - Not understanding the technology, thus applying it incorrectly .Rushing implementation to
claim superiority over competitors.UnanticipatedindustryreactioncausedbythetechnologyForinstance,misunderstandinga
feature, such as “transactions that last forever”, can create a horrible mess. This can result when shortcuts are taken when
determining the data the system will manage. Data changes from a transaction permanent after they are committed. If data
fields are added at a later time, “old” transactions may become difficult to reconcile with “new”, expanded transactions.
Furthermore, there is the potential that real estate blockchains will prey on the ignorance those who do not know what they
are buying. In the long run, this behavior leads to erosion of confidence because what is being sold does not match what is
being advertised. In this age of social media, the speed at which bad news travels is faster than ever, makingthisconsideration
more critical than it was even a decade ago. Another unanticipated effect of blockchains could be accelerating the creation of
“buying clubs”. When inventory gets tight, closed groups form to keep inventory off of the open market, undermining the
cooperative spirit of the MLS. Three features of Blockchain 2.0 could lead to more “buying clubs”: Private Blockchains,flexible
data models, smart contracts these factors make derivatives easier to create with blockchains than withtraditional databases.
Very little software needs to be created to deploy a new compensation model. When deployed in a private blockchain, only
invited participants need to know about it. Though change is difficult, and there will be challengesinimplementation,itwill be
difficult for traditional approaches to match the operatingcharacteristicsofblockchainsforsomeapplications.Successful early
adopters will drive the market.

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DAO is outlined by a set of rules encoded in smart contracts that outline however the DAO behaves and the way it evolves.
Typically, a DAO has several investors that then decide by option how the funds of the DAO ought to be endowed.asthegoal of
such an organization is to be ruled during a utterly decentralized approach and also the investors usually don’t understand or
trust one another, a permission less blockchain is of course a good suited such a design: The system is needed to store some
state and multiple mutually distrusting and presumably unknown writers exist [13].
Decentralized autonomous organizations are, however, a special case. For a few applications a dedicated permissioned
blockchain could also be helpful for one DAO. In most cases, however, DAOs don't need their own blockchain but are instead
higher suited to be built on prime of an existing blockchain with an already existing currency (such as Ethereum [2]).
5. ARCHITECTURE
The process in the Blockchain based real estate transactionisexplainedwithanarchitecturediagram.Itcontains theprocessof
transfer of properties starting from the seller to the buyer. As the Blockchain makes the process transparent every process is
visible to everyone. This makes the process impossible to change. SRET includes the integrated designing and planning as
well as the execution of various processes. This involves material flow, data flow additionally as money capital flow.
Fig -2: Architecture of the system
In the following we summarize the process involved in the Real Estate Transaction:
5.1 Transaction
Two persons or parties as A and B will be exchanging the digital money or assets related to their properties as land details or
certificate about their birth or examination certificates. After producing this they will initiate the transaction
5.2 Block
This will be creating a block so that the transaction and other pending transactions will be stored in a block. This block will
connect to a chain of blocks of forming a network of participants
5.3 Verification
The participants will be known as "miners" will evaluate the transactions with the use of mathematical calculationsinorderto
evaluate whether the transaction are valid or not so that it will be verified
5.4 Hash
Each verified block of transactions is time stamped with a cryptographic hash. Each block also containsa referencetothehash
value of previous block
4.1 Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

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5.5 Execution
The value that moves from the account of participant A to participant B in order to execute the transaction
6. CONCLUSION
As we already came to know about the problems thatwearefacingduringreal estatetransactions, blockchainscanbeinherited
in the real estate field to solve these problems by providing a secured transactions. It also makes the transactions on land
without any insecurity of data. We conclude that blockchains can bring greater benefits to the real estate field.
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